This record contains the underlying research data for the publication "Board representation in international joint ventures" and the full-text is available from: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/lkcsb_research/5038Relatively little attention has been paid to boards in international joint ventures (IJVs), and the composition of these boards in particular. We examine the determinants of foreign partners' representation on IJV boards in order to advance our knowledge of this facet of IJV governance. We argue that a foreign partner's representation on the IJV board is related to its equity contribution. However, we hypothesize that this relationship is moderated by IJV and host country characteristics that affect the importance of the internal and external roles IJV boards serve. These results provide insights into the conditions under which a partner might wish to secure greater board representation for its level of equity, or utilize less board representation than might be suggested by its equity level alone.

Dataset supporting the paper "How competition shapes peer effects: Evidence from a university in China"Competition is widely used to enhance effort and performance. However, in many domains, like education, competition could backfire, as performance is not solely reliant on individual efforts but also on collaboration endeavors among peers. Utilizing university administrative data, we examine how competition changes peer effects and peer interactions. Exploiting randomly assigned roommates, we first demonstrate that high-ability roommates have detrimental effects on the academic performance of high-ability students. More importantly, such negative peer effects significantly increase along various dimensions of competition intensity within dorm rooms. Follow-up survey findings reveal that competition hinders mutual assistance and fosters unfriendly behaviors among roommates.

This dataset supplements the research paper CAMPANTE, Filipe R. and CHOR, Davin. Schooling, Political Participation, and the Economy. (2012). Review of Economics and Statistics. 94, (4), 841-859. The full-text is available at https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soe_research/1330.It supports a cross-national study investigating how the relationship between individual schooling and political participation varies according to country-level characteristics. Using individual-level survey data across multiple countries, the study finds that political participation is more responsive to schooling in land-abundant countries and less responsive in human capital-abundant countries, even after controlling for political institutions and cultural attitudes. The proposed theoretical framework centres on the opportunity cost of political engagement relative to productive economic activity. Countries with relative land abundance or scarce aggregate human capital are associated with higher levels of political participation and greater responsiveness to schooling, as the foregone production income is lower. Supporting evidence shows that political participation is less responsive to schooling in countries with higher skill premiums and among individuals in skilled occupations within countries. The dataset contributes to understanding the joint determinants of individual political participation and cross-country differences in public investment in education, with implications for political economy and human capital research.

This record contains the underlying research data for the publication "Extended Comprehensive Study of Association Measures for Fault Localization" and the full-text is available from: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/1818Spectrum-based fault localization is a promising approach to automatically locate root causes of failures quickly. Two well-known spectrum-based fault localization techniques, Tarantula and Ochiai, measure how likely a program element is a root cause of failures based on profiles of correct and failed program executions. These techniques are conceptually similar to association measures that have been proposed in statistics, data mining, and have been utilized to quantify the relationship strength between two variables of interest (e.g., the use of a medicine and the cure rate of a disease). In this paper, we view fault localization as a measurement of the relationship strength between the execution of program elements and program failures. We investigate the effectiveness of 40 association measures from the literature on locating bugs. Our empirical evaluations involve single-bug and multiple-bug programs. We find there is no best single measure for all cases. Klosgen and Ochiai outperform other measures for localizing single-bug programs. Although localizing multiple-bug programs, Added Value could localize the bugs with on average smallest percentage of inspected code, whereas a number of other measures have similar performance. The accuracies of the measures in localizing multi-bug programs are lower than single-bug programs, which provokes future research.

The replication data for "The Intergenerational Mortality Tradeoff of COVID-19 Lockdown Policies"

Using Singapore as a case study, extend downward counterfactual modelling of extreme precipitation and floods into 'consequence' space through the modelling of cascading impacts.

Dataset in fulfilment of dissertation requirement titled: Pitch Perfect: From Neural Perspective to Behavioral Outcomes. Live, Online and Brochure. This dataset covers the 2 studies as analyzed and shared in the main theses.

Related Publication: Marcinkowska U.M., Kozlov M.V., Cai H., Contreras-Garduño J., Dixson B.J., Oana G.A., Kaminski G., Li N.P., Lyons M.T., Onyishi I.E., Prasai K., Pazhoohi F., Prokop P., Rosales Cardozo S.L., Sydney N., Yong J.C., Rantala M.J. (2014). Cross-cultural variation in men’s preference for sexual dimorphism in women’s faces. Biology Letters 10(4): 20130850. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0850 Available in InK: http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/1615/

This dataset contains the establishment dates of 174 stock market exchanges. It also covers the closure, re-opening, and merger of stock markets. To use the data, please cite

Krishna, Pravin, Andrei A. Levchenko, Lin Ma, and William F. Maloney. “Growth and Risk: A View from International Trade.” Journal of International Economics 142 (2023): 103755.

Research on meaning has begun to assess the specific facets of meaning in life. Few studies have examined the extent to which these facets distinguish meaning at the level of individual events. In the present study, participants from Singapore and the U.S. wrote about meaningful and meaningless events and rated the extent to which they experienced purpose, coherence, positive and negative implications for self and others, positive affect, and negative affect. In both samples, meaningful and meaningless events differed most in their levels of positive affect, purpose, and positive implications for the self. When entered as predictors of overall event meaningfulness, purpose and positive affect independently predicted meaning. Measures of coherence did not predict the meaningfulness of event with one exception. The extent to which an event offered a new understanding predicted meaning above and beyond purpose and PA. Implications for meaning assessment and theories of meaning are discussed.

mediation analysis; reliability

This file contains the replication package for the paper "Liquidity Constraints, Consumption, and Debt Repayment: Evidence from Macroprudential Policy in Turkey"

The dataset is composed of the entire universe of sanctions regimes imposed by the UN, US and EU in the period from 1990 to 2010, including those sanctions regimes that were in place by 1990, targeting a country, its leadership and entities associated with it. Episodes which are still on-going are also recorded. Included are all sanctioned countries which have been coded – at least – at the start of sanction episodes as “autocratic regimes” by the Hadenius/Teorell/Wahman dataset on authoritarian regimes (2012).

Politicians have long engaged in marketing themselves by employing distinct speaking styles to signal social standing, competence, or a shared background with their audience. What effect does this use of different language appeals have on voter opinion? Utilizing a survey experiment in Thailand, I test a set of hypotheses about the effect of language on respondent opinions. Relying on three distinct treatments, a formal language register, an informal language register, and an ethnic language, I demonstrate the multiple effects of language on political appeal. The use of a formal register has mixed effects, signaling both high education as well as preparation for national office while also creating social distance between the speaker and audience. An informal register and the ethnic tongue both signal kinship ties to listeners, with the ethnic tongue having a much more profound effect. The results also show that an ethnic overture has greater electoral appeal than formal speech. These findings highlight the causal effect language has in shaping political opinions and illustrate the varied impacts of linguistic hierarchies on political appeal.

Scholarly research generally finds that democratic governments are more likely to respect human rights than other types of regimes. Different human rights practices among long-standing and affluent democracies therefore present a puzzle. Drawing from democratic theory and comparative institutional studies, we argue more inclusive or “popular” democracies should enforce human rights better than more exclusive or “elite” democracies, even in the face of security threats from armed conflict. Instead of relying on the Freedom House or Polity indexes to distinguish levels of democracy, we adopt a more focused approach to measuring structures of inclusion, the Institutional Democracy Index (IDI), which captures meaningful differences in how electoral and other institutions channel popular influence over policy-making. Analyzing levels of physical integrity rights through a time-series cross-sectional research design of forty-nine established democracies, supplemented by structured case comparisons, reveals a significant and robust relationship between more inclusive democratic institutions and better respect for human rights.

A growing literature posits that colonial Christian missions brought schooling to the colonies, improving human capital in ways that persist to this day. But in some places they did much more. This paper argues that colonial Catholic missions in the Philippines functioned as state-builders, establishing law and order and building fiscal and infrastructural capacities in territories they controlled. The mission-as-state was the result of a bargain between the Catholic missions and the Spanish colonial government: missionaries converted the population and engaged in state-building, whereas the colonial government reaped the benefits of state expansion while staying in the capital. Exposure to these Catholic missions-as-state then led to long-run improvements in state capacity and development. I find that municipalities that had a Catholic mission have higher levels of state capacity and development today. A variety of mechanisms---religious competition, education, urbanization, and structural transformation---explain these results.

The data is used to generate the tables and graphs for "First among equals: The first place effect and political promotion in multi-member plurality elections". It includes all local elections in the Philippines, and requires Stata to access it. We study the impact of rank-based decision-making in a multi-member plurality electoral system by examining the decisions of Philippine legislative councilors to run for and win higher office. By focusing on multi-member plurality elections, we identify the effect of rank amongst politicians that hold the same office and received a similar number of votes. To identify the causal effect of rank, we conduct a close-elections RD at the village, municipality, and province levels. Our main result is the first place effect: incumbent first placers are 5–9% (1–4%) more likely to run (win) in future elections than incumbent second placers. The first place effect is unique among rank effects: subsequent rank comparisons yield substantially weaker or insignificant results. Further evidence suggests that a variety of potential mechanisms—party alignment, strategic voting, differential levels of media exposure or the better performance of first placers—do not seem to explain our results. These results improve our understanding of the variety of ways rank effects interact with electoral systems.

Abstract: Islamist political parties are a structural feature of politics across the Muslim world, raising persisting questions for scholars of democracy. Under what conditions will Islamists moderate to support democracy and pluralism? Under what conditions will they adopt more exclusive behavior? Taking a fresh approach, we focus on electoral competition and the conditions under which Islamic party candidates campaign using either inclusive nationalist appeals or exclusively Islamic appeals. Using a unique data source, we coded the appeals contained on the campaign posters of 572 Islamic party candidates in Indonesia. We found that demographics, urban-rural differences, and the level of government office (i.e., national or regional) affected the inclusive or exclusive nature of campaigns. We also highlight differences in appeals made by candidates from Muslim democratic and Islamist parties. The study illustrates the effectiveness of posters as a data source and presents a new approach to understanding the behavior of Islamic parties.

This dataset accompanies the paper Interacting with AI Reasoning Models: Harnessing “Thoughts” for AI-Driven Software Engineering by Christoph Treude and Raula Gaikovina Kula. It contains all example cases discussed in the paper as well as the full corpus of reasoning traces analyzed in our study. The appendix includes:AI-generated reasoning traces from multiple models for the motivating examples (e.g., generating a PDF report, analyzing security vulnerabilities in C code), illustrating challenges such as hidden assumptions, divergent reasoning paths, and conflicting conclusions.The complete set of 100 reasoning traces collected from DeepSeek and Gemini for the 50 most recent Stack Overflow questions used in our qualitative study.Two data files:– coded-units.xlsx, containing all 7,000+ segmented reasoning units with their assigned qualitative codes.– reasoning-traces.xlsx, containing the raw reasoning traces, question texts, and metadata used for analysis.Together, these materials provide full transparency for replication, further qualitative or quantitative analysis, and future research on AI reasoning in software engineering.