Policy actors address complex environmental problems by engaging in multiple and often interdependent policy issues. Policy issue interdependencies imply that efforts by actors to address separate policy issues can either reinforce (‘win-win’) or counteract (‘trade-off’) each other. Thus, if interdependent issues are managed in isolation instead of being coordinated, the most effective and well-balanced solution to the underlying problem might never be realised. This study asks if reinforcing and counteracting interdependencies have different impacts on perception and collaboration. Our empirical study of collaborative water governance in the Norrström basin, Sweden, shows that policy actors often avoid collaborating when the policy issues exhibit reinforcing interdependencies. Our evidence indicates a perceived infeasibility of acting on reinforcing interdependencies. We also find that actors do not consider counteracting interdependencies (‘trade-offs’) at all when they engage in collaboration. Further, even though actors were aware of counteracting and reinforcing interdependencies, our analyses suggest they might be less aware of the former. These findings illustrate that actors either avoid each other due to policy issue interdependencies or, at best, ignore existing interdependencies when engaging in collaboration. Our study highlights the importance of problem perception in accomplishing integrated solutions to complex environmental problems, and of how understandings of different types of interdependencies shape collaboration in environmental governance.

This dataset consists of social network analysis data and policy issue network data. Network data consists of nodes (rows and columns) and links (matrix cells). In the social network data, rows and columns represent actors and matrix cells their collaboration. 1 indicates collaboration, 0 indicates no collaboration. In the policy issue network data, rows and columns represent policy issues, and matrix cells their reinforcing or counteracting interdependencies. Two different policy issue networks (one reinforcing and one counteracting) are represented. The actor-issue file reports the engagement of an actor in a given issue, i.e. that the actor works with that specific issue. The data also includes an actor attribute file, where each row represents the same actor as in the social network data and each column a specific attribute that might characterise the actor (1-yes,0-no). The data files are compatible with the free software MpNet (http://www.melnet.org.au/pnet), and for running Exponential Random Graph Models.

For more information see: Hedlund, J., Nohrstedt, D., Morrison, T. et al. Challenges for environmental governance: policy issue interdependencies might not lead to collaboration. Sustain Sci (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01145-8

To strengthen the governance of and programmatic and administrative support for Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) by United Nations organizations by identifying measures to promote enhanced coordination, coherence and synergies between MEAs and the United Nations system, thus increasing United Nations system's contribution towards a more integrated approach to international environmental governance and management at national, regional and international levels.Available onlineCall Number: [EL]Physical Description: 49 p.

Many actors and local interests embedded in networks characterize environmental conservation policies in the Brazilian Amazon. This paper assumes that these networks both influence, and are influenced by (i) power relation dynamics; (ii) the position of the actors in the network; (iii) density of the network; (iv) diversity; and (v) types of interaction. These components help to assess collaboration and/or conflict resolution mechanisms in the governance process. This study conducted fieldwork in the Jaú National Park, in the Rio Unini Extractive Reserve, and in the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve in order to understand the policy process and environmental governance in protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Results show that the Federal Government, NGOs, and local inhabitants are embedded in a heterogeneous network which is closed up to a moderate level or even up to a high one, revealing either a concentration of power with hierarchical cooperation or fragmented power relations with horizontal cooperation.

Contains raw data and four calculated indexes (Index of Watershed Integrity, Index of Catchment Integrity, Environmental Water Quality Index, and Hydrogeomorphological Index) for the six subunits of the La Laborcilla Microwatershed in the Central Mexican Plateau. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: PI doesn't have access to the most up-to-date data; the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro is the data steward. Interested parties should contact the author. It can be accessed through the following means: PI doesn't have access to the most up-to-date data, so interested parties should contact the author. Format: Data are stored in Excel spreadsheets. PI doesn't have access to the most up-to-date data, so interested parties should contact the author. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Sarmiento-Martinez, M., S. Leibowitz, M.L. Otte, R. Pineda-Lopez, D.P. Garcia-Tello, H. Luna-Soria, L.I. Medina Pacheco, E. Hernandez Perez, and V.H. Cambron-Sandoval. Index of Watershed Integrity (IWI) of a Central Mexican Plateau Microwatershed: An Instrument of Environmental Governance. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION. American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA, USA, 61(3): e70028, (2025).

The 2001 Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) utilizes a refined methodology based on the 2000 Pilot ESI effort, to construct an index covering 122 countries that measures the overall progress towards environmental sustainability. The index is a composite measure of the current status of a nation's environmental systems, pressures on those systems, human vulnerability to environmental change, national capacity to respond, and contributions to global environmental stewardship. The refinements included the addition and deletion of indicators, filling gaps in data coverage, new data sets, and the modification of the aggregation scheme. The index was unveiled at the World Economic Forum's annual meeting, January 2001, Davos, Switzerland. The 2001 ESI is the result of collaboration among the World Economic Forum (WEF), Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy (YCELP), and the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).

Background: Land waters in urban areas often become a source of problems if they are not managed wisely and firmly. The threat and risk of danger, disease and even death always haunt the people who live on the banks of the river. Poverty and slum areas are negative effects of less than optimal land water management in urban areas. The Indonesian government has taken various steps to address this, but the lack of urban land for settlement is the reason why immigrants from other regions reside and reside in dangerous areas such as riverbanks. The compulsion to live minimally in urban areas is a burden for local governments in their efforts to increase welfare as well as improve sustainable urban governance. Many other cities in developed countries have made efforts to improve inland water areas to alleviate poverty and at the same time beautify the urban landscape. The experts agreed to hold discussions to formulate the best policy steps for sustainable urban governance in Indonesia. Methods: In the process of data analysis and decision making related to sustainable environmental governance as implementation of national defense policy, this article utilizes the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Data Processing Method. Finding: The results of in-depth discussions and interviews with experts in the field of environment, urban governance, economic experts and poverty management experts from various institutions such as the Ministry of Social Affairs, PUPR Ministry, Spatial Planning and City Planning Services, Academics and also the Military were processed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Conclusion: The best decision alternative will be a recommendation for policy makers regarding sustainable urban governance. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is relevant to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method to formulate sustainable urban water management policies in Indonesia, involving various experts and related institutions to overcome poverty and improve urban landscapes. Therefore, this study can show policy recommendations based on various aspects and views.

How do political authorities in China respond to mounting environmental problems? Moreover, on what basis do they succeed in securing public approval in the realm of environmental governance? In this study, I argue that local authorities perform "symbolic responsiveness" as a strategy to manage public opinion over environmental issues. Furthermore, symbolic responsiveness is effective in generating public approval, despite the lack of, and sometimes at the expense of appreciable improvement in environmental quality. Data collected in 2014-2015.

The World Bank's ESG Data Draft dataset provides information on 17 key sustainability themes spanning environmental, social, and governance categories. In order to shift financial flows so that they are better aligned with global goals, the World Bank Group (WBG) is working to provide financial markets with improved data and analytics that shed light on countries’ sustainability performance. Along with new information and tools, the World Bank will also develop research on the correlation between countries’ sustainability performance and the risk and return profiles of relevant investments.

The output indicator in the data set is the reduction of pollutants, which is used to construct a DEA model in which all outputs are undesirable outputs.

1. Collaborative approaches to environmental governance are drawing increased interest in research and practice. In this article we investigate the structure and functioning of actor networks engaged in collaboration.

2. We specifically seek to advance understanding of how and why collaborative networks are formed as actors engage in addressing two broad classes of collective action problems: coordination and cooperation. It has been proposed that more risk-prone cooperative problems favor denser and more cohesive bonding network structures, whereas less risky coordination problems favor sparser and more centralized bridging structures.

3. Recent empirical findings however cast some doubts on these assumptions. In building on previous work we propose and evaluate a set of propositions in order to remedy these ambiguities. Our propositions build on the assumption that bridging structures could, if actors’ experience sufficient levels of trust in the collaborative process, adequately support both cooperation and coordination problems.

4. Our empirical investigation of four UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Reserves gives initial support for our assumptions, and suggest that bridging structures emerge when actors have trust in the collaborative endeavor, and/or when the cost of collaborative failure is deemed low. While caution is warranted due to data limitations, our findings contribute to improved policies and guidelines on how to stimulate and facilitate more effective collaborative approaches to environmental governance.

The dataset contains four networks (one per MAB reserve). The data is further described in the published paper. For each network, there are several files. The files are formatted for the program MPnet. One file per network is the sociomatrix (rows and columns are nodes, and the values in the matrix are the links between the nodes). Several other files, per network, contain node attributes (further described in the published paper). The order of the node attributes are the same as in the sociomatrices.

Supporting data for the research study “Will Confucian Culture Promote Corporate Environmental Governance.” The study uses A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2019 and the density of Confucian temples and schools near sample company headquarters to estimate the impact of Confucian culture on corporate environmental governance.

The study uses A-share companies listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in China from 2010 to 2019 as the research samples. The data on enterprise environmental protection expenditure, the Confucian temples, and Confucian schools are obtained from the CNRDS (Chinese Research Data Services Platform) database.

Since 2011, Chinese environmental authorities have undertaken a project of “occupying” online spaces and social media such as Weibo. This has been analysed alternatively as an attempt to improve environmental governance, or as a new tool of control over online environmental discourses. This article investigates the use of microblogs by 172 local environmental authorities in Shandong province, whose multi-level microblogging system is seen as a model for other provinces, analysing whether this system improves environmental governance, and whether this objective is impeded by practices aimed at controlling online environmental discourse. We find limited evidence of improved environmental governance, as attested by enhanced information disclosure and citizen engagement. Instead, Environmental Protection Bureau communication appears obstructed by floods of diversionary content. We suggest that while these behaviours are likely driven by misaligned incentives and fears of triggering social unrest, they also support the goal of discursive control by occupation.

Dataset

This dataset was created by HengRRRRRR

Contents

The ecological resilience of resource-based cities reflects the resilience of the ecological environment in resource-based areas to recover after resource development activities, and good ecological resilience holds great significance for the sustainability of the development of resource-based cities. Government innovation preferences are a solid foundation for implementing an innovation-driven strategy and an important guarantee for realizing an efficient production mode. (the purpose of the study) Therefore, to investigate whether government innovation preferences can promote the level of ecological resilience in resource-based cities. (sample information and empirical methods) This paper establishes a mediating effect model and a threshold effect model and empirically analyzes 2009–2020 panel data covering 113 resource-based cities in China as an example. (main findings) The results show the following: (1) the primary term of government innovation preferences has a positive effect on the ecological resilience of resource-based cities, and the secondary term has a negative effect, with a decreasing marginal effect. Additionally, the educational level has a mediating effect on the mechanism of the impact of government innovation preferences on the ecological resilience of resource-based cities. (2) The role of government innovation preferences in the ecological resilience of resource-based cities is heterogeneous: The impact of government innovation preferences on the ecological resilience of resource-based cities in the western region is stronger than that in the central region, and the impact of government innovation preferences on the ecological resilience of medium-sized resource-based cities is stronger than that of large resource-based cities. (3) The role of environmental decentralization produces a single threshold effect with a threshold value of 2.3993 in the impact of the mechanism of government innovation preferences on the ecological resilience of resource-based cities. (contributions and policy implications) The results of this paper can provide theoretical support for the government to set a reasonable innovation preference intensity, and they provide a practical guarantee for the central government to give more environmental governance power to local governments.

The 2000 Pilot Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) is an exploratory effort to construct an index that measures the ability of a nation's economy to achieve sustainable development, with the long term goal of finding a single indicator for environmental sustainability analagous to that of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The index covering 56 countries is a composite measure of the current status of a nation's environmental systems, pressures on those systems, human vulnerability to environmental change, national capacity to respond, and contributions to global environmental stewardship. The index was unveiled at the World Economic Forum's annual meeting, January 2000, Davos, Switzerland. The 2000 Pilot ESI is the result of collaboration among the World Economic Forum (WEF), Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy (YCELP), and the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).

The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) provides a framework for the collation of a consistent set of climate impact data across sectors and scales. It also provides a unique opportunity for considering interactions between climate change impacts across sectors through consistent scenarios.
The ISIMIP3a part of the third simulation round is dedicated to i) impact model evaluation and improvement and ii) detection and attribution of observed impacts according to the framework of IPCC AR5 Working Group II Chapter 18. To this end all simulations are driven by observed socio-economic information combined with either observed (factual) climate data or a detrended (counterfactual) version of the observed climate allowing for the generation of a “no climate change” baseline.
This data set provides annual maps of various land use categories. In particular it gives annual maps of both rainfed and irrigated areas of total croplands, of 5 crop categories (C3 annual, C3 perennial, C4 annual, C4 perennial and C3 nitrogen fixing crops) and of 15 crop types/categories (C3 annual disaggregated into: rapeseed, rice, temperate cereals, temperate roots, tropical roots, sunflower, others C3 annual; C3 perennial: (no further disaggregation); C3 nitrogen-fixing disaggregated into: groundnut, pulses, soybean, others C3 nitrogen-fixing; C4 annual disaggregated into: maize, tropical cereals; C4 perennial: sugarcane). Furthermore, maps of pastures, managed rangelands and urban areas are provided.
Data is available for the historical time period: 1850-2021.
Version 1.1 of this dataset adds the 1901soc scenario with fixed year-1901 direct human influences.
Version 1.2 adds data for the years 2020 and 2021.

Actor-Issue Edgelist

We lack an understanding of how diverse policymakers interact to govern biodiversity. Taking Colombia as a focal case, we asked: (i) What is the composition of today’s policy mix?; (ii) How has the policy mix evolved over time?; (iii) How do policies differ among actors and ecosystems?; and (iv) Does the policy mix address the primary threats to biodiversity? We found 186 biodiversity-related policies that govern multiple ecosystems, use different instruments, and evolve as a mix to address the main threats to biodiversity (i.e., agriculture and aquaculture, biological resource use). We notice policy gaps in the governance of invasive species. Biodiversity policy integration into some sectoral policies, such as climate change and pollution, has become more common in the past decade. Our results point to an increased need for effective coordination across sectors and actors, as new ones become part of the policy mix.

United States Environmental Policy Stringency Index data was reported at 3.028 NA in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.917 NA for 2019. United States Environmental Policy Stringency Index data is updated yearly, averaging 1.250 NA from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2020, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.028 NA in 2020 and a record low of 0.833 NA in 1991. United States Environmental Policy Stringency Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmental Policy Stringency Index: OECD Member: Annual.