High-quality environmental governance (EG) is closely related to its governance mode. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the EG modes from the dual perspectives of quality and quantity. This article utilizes panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2003 to 2020 to research the influence of environmental governance efficiency (EGE) and investment (EGI) on EG through a fixed-effect mode. The outcomes show that China’s EG is driven mainly by quantitative EGI. EGE and EGI show significant geographic regions, economic development levels, resource endowments, and stage heterogeneity to EG. In light of these conclusions, this article argues that the future needs to reasonably allocate EGI based on consideration of the heterogeneity of geographical regions, economic development levels, and resource endowments to optimize EGI structure and increase EGE in each province to achieve high-quality EG.

Policy actors address complex environmental problems by engaging in multiple and often interdependent policy issues. Policy issue interdependencies imply that efforts by actors to address separate policy issues can either reinforce (‘win-win’) or counteract (‘trade-off’) each other. Thus, if interdependent issues are managed in isolation instead of being coordinated, the most effective and well-balanced solution to the underlying problem might never be realised. This study asks if reinforcing and counteracting interdependencies have different impacts on perception and collaboration. Our empirical study of collaborative water governance in the Norrström basin, Sweden, shows that policy actors often avoid collaborating when the policy issues exhibit reinforcing interdependencies. Our evidence indicates a perceived infeasibility of acting on reinforcing interdependencies. We also find that actors do not consider counteracting interdependencies (‘trade-offs’) at all when they engage in collaboration. Further, even though actors were aware of counteracting and reinforcing interdependencies, our analyses suggest they might be less aware of the former. These findings illustrate that actors either avoid each other due to policy issue interdependencies or, at best, ignore existing interdependencies when engaging in collaboration. Our study highlights the importance of problem perception in accomplishing integrated solutions to complex environmental problems, and of how understandings of different types of interdependencies shape collaboration in environmental governance.

This dataset consists of social network analysis data and policy issue network data. Network data consists of nodes (rows and columns) and links (matrix cells). In the social network data, rows and columns represent actors and matrix cells their collaboration. 1 indicates collaboration, 0 indicates no collaboration. In the policy issue network data, rows and columns represent policy issues, and matrix cells their reinforcing or counteracting interdependencies. Two different policy issue networks (one reinforcing and one counteracting) are represented. The actor-issue file reports the engagement of an actor in a given issue, i.e. that the actor works with that specific issue. The data also includes an actor attribute file, where each row represents the same actor as in the social network data and each column a specific attribute that might characterise the actor (1-yes,0-no). The data files are compatible with the free software MpNet (http://www.melnet.org.au/pnet), and for running Exponential Random Graph Models.

For more information see: Hedlund, J., Nohrstedt, D., Morrison, T. et al. Challenges for environmental governance: policy issue interdependencies might not lead to collaboration. Sustain Sci (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01145-8

Contains raw data and four calculated indexes (Index of Watershed Integrity, Index of Catchment Integrity, Environmental Water Quality Index, and Hydrogeomorphological Index) for the six subunits of the La Laborcilla Microwatershed in the Central Mexican Plateau. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: PI doesn't have access to the most up-to-date data; the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro is the data steward. Interested parties should contact the author. It can be accessed through the following means: PI doesn't have access to the most up-to-date data, so interested parties should contact the author. Format: Data are stored in Excel spreadsheets. PI doesn't have access to the most up-to-date data, so interested parties should contact the author. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Sarmiento-Martinez, M., S. Leibowitz, M.L. Otte, R. Pineda-Lopez, D.P. Garcia-Tello, H. Luna-Soria, L.I. Medina Pacheco, E. Hernandez Perez, and V.H. Cambron-Sandoval. Index of Watershed Integrity (IWI) of a Central Mexican Plateau Microwatershed: An Instrument of Environmental Governance. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION. American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA, USA, 61(3): e70028, (2025).

To strengthen the governance of and programmatic and administrative support for Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) by United Nations organizations by identifying measures to promote enhanced coordination, coherence and synergies between MEAs and the United Nations system, thus increasing United Nations system's contribution towards a more integrated approach to international environmental governance and management at national, regional and international levels.Available onlineCall Number: [EL]Physical Description: 49 p.

Supporting data for the research study “Will Confucian Culture Promote Corporate Environmental Governance.” The study uses A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2019 and the density of Confucian temples and schools near sample company headquarters to estimate the impact of Confucian culture on corporate environmental governance.

The study uses A-share companies listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in China from 2010 to 2019 as the research samples. The data on enterprise environmental protection expenditure, the Confucian temples, and Confucian schools are obtained from the CNRDS (Chinese Research Data Services Platform) database.

Background: Land waters in urban areas often become a source of problems if they are not managed wisely and firmly. The threat and risk of danger, disease and even death always haunt the people who live on the banks of the river. Poverty and slum areas are negative effects of less than optimal land water management in urban areas. The Indonesian government has taken various steps to address this, but the lack of urban land for settlement is the reason why immigrants from other regions reside and reside in dangerous areas such as riverbanks. The compulsion to live minimally in urban areas is a burden for local governments in their efforts to increase welfare as well as improve sustainable urban governance. Many other cities in developed countries have made efforts to improve inland water areas to alleviate poverty and at the same time beautify the urban landscape. The experts agreed to hold discussions to formulate the best policy steps for sustainable urban governance in Indonesia. Methods: In the process of data analysis and decision making related to sustainable environmental governance as implementation of national defense policy, this article utilizes the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Data Processing Method. Finding: The results of in-depth discussions and interviews with experts in the field of environment, urban governance, economic experts and poverty management experts from various institutions such as the Ministry of Social Affairs, PUPR Ministry, Spatial Planning and City Planning Services, Academics and also the Military were processed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Conclusion: The best decision alternative will be a recommendation for policy makers regarding sustainable urban governance. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is relevant to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method to formulate sustainable urban water management policies in Indonesia, involving various experts and related institutions to overcome poverty and improve urban landscapes. Therefore, this study can show policy recommendations based on various aspects and views.

The catalog provides the information about GGP, Sustainable Development, Economic Dimension, Ecological Dimension and Social and Institutional Dimension indices of the 2006 year. Catalog compiled on the base of the data of annual report of such international organizations as the United Nations, Heritage Foundation, World Economic Forum, International Living and Yale University working group on the environment (USA), the Columbia University. The data file contains 97 lines.

Investigating the relationship between green finance (GF), government environmental governance (GEG), and green economic efficiency (GEE) is essential for developing sustainable development policies. This study uses panel data from 30 provincial administrative regions in China, covering the period from 2011 to 2021, to assess the effects of GF and GEG on GEE through the Spatial Durbin Model. The findings reveal several key points. First, most provinces are in low-low spatial clusters in terms of GEE, though there is a gradual improvement over time. Second, GF significantly enhances GEE, while GEG has a notable inhibitory effect. Third, GF exhibits a positive spatial spillover effect on the GEE of neighboring regions, whereas GEG shows a negative spatial spillover effect. Fourth, these spillover effects are mainly observed in the eastern regions, with little significance in the central and western areas. Moreover, one of the GEG indicators, environmental regulation, demonstrates a positive spatial spillover effect in the eastern region, contrary to the overall negative national trend. In general, this paper examines the interplay among the three variables within a unified analytical framework, filling the gaps in existing research. Furthermore, the paper delineates GEG into environmental regulation and environmental investment, which is a dimension frequently neglected in current research.

United States Environmental Policy Stringency Index data was reported at 3.028 NA in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.917 NA for 2019. United States Environmental Policy Stringency Index data is updated yearly, averaging 1.250 NA from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2020, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.028 NA in 2020 and a record low of 0.833 NA in 1991. United States Environmental Policy Stringency Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmental Policy Stringency Index: OECD Member: Annual.

Actor-Issue Edgelist

The Appendix A a Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) file composed by a node file and an edges files.

The node file is organized into three columns:

A: id of the node which could (a) the official EU-code of the LIFE project or (b) the id we have attributed to organizations financed B: label of the node (equals to the id) C: type
One if an organization is considered; Two if a project is considered.

The edge file is organized in different columns: A: Source B: Target C: Type (undirect relation) D: Id (of the edge) E: Label F: Time set (for dynamic representations) G: Weight (of the edge) H: start (of the edge) I: end (of the edge)

We lack an understanding of how diverse policymakers interact to govern biodiversity. Taking Colombia as a focal case, we asked: (i) What is the composition of today’s policy mix?; (ii) How has the policy mix evolved over time?; (iii) How do policies differ among actors and ecosystems?; and (iv) Does the policy mix address the primary threats to biodiversity? We found 186 biodiversity-related policies that govern multiple ecosystems, use different instruments, and evolve as a mix to address the main threats to biodiversity (i.e., agriculture and aquaculture, biological resource use). We notice policy gaps in the governance of invasive species. Biodiversity policy integration into some sectoral policies, such as climate change and pollution, has become more common in the past decade. Our results point to an increased need for effective coordination across sectors and actors, as new ones become part of the policy mix.

The Baltic Sea ecosystem is subject to a wide array of societal pressures and associated environmental risks (e.g. eutrophication, oil discharges, chemical pollution, overfishing and invasive alien species). Despite several years of substantial efforts by state and non-state actors, it is still highly unlikely that the regionally agreed environmental objectives of reaching “good environmental status” by 2021 in the HELCOM BSAP (Baltic Sea Action Plan) and by 2020 in the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) will be met. This chapter identifies key research topics, as well as presents analytical perspectives for analysing the gap between knowledge and action in Baltic Sea environmental governance. It does so by outlining important trends and key challenges associated with Baltic Sea environmental governance, as well as by summarising the scope and results of individual chapters of this interdisciplinary volume. The analysis reveals the development of increasingly complex governance arrangements and the ongoing implementation of the holistic Ecosystem Approach to Management, as two general trends that together contribute to three key challenges associated with (1) regional and cross - sectoral coordination and collaboration, (2) coping with complexity and uncertainty in science-policy interactions and (3) developing communication and knowledge sharing among stakeholder groups. Furthermore, to facilitate analysis of environmental governance opportunities and obstacles both within and across specific environmental issues, this chapter reviews the scientific literature to pinpoint key research issues and questions linked to the identified governance challenges.

Based on the panel data of environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (ENGOs) and air pollution in OECD countries, this paper uses econometric model to investigate the governance effect of ENGOs on air pollution. The results show that: ENGOs have a positive impact on the improvement of environmental quality, and the results are still valid after a series of robustness tests; Further mechanism analysis found that the environmental improvement by ENGOs is mainly achieved by increasing investment in environmental protection. This study provides empirical evidence for the effect of ENGOs on air pollution, and further provides ideas for environmental governance.

The Casey Station dataset represents man-made facilities around Australia's Casey Station and its immediate environs. Detailed attributes are held for the data including buildings, site services, communications, fuel storage. The spatial data have been compiled from low level aerial photography, ground surveys and engineering plans.

Detail attribution of site services includes make, size and engineering plan number.

Topographic data for Casey is part of the Windmill Islands 1:50000 Topographic Dataset (see Related URL). This data is described by the metadata record 'Windmill Islands 1:50000 Topographic GIS Dataset', Entry ID: Wind50k.

Changes have occurred at the station since this dataset was produced. For example some buildings and other structures have been removed and some added. As a result the data available for download from a Related URL below is updated with new data having different Dataset_id(s).

The catalog provides the information about profiles of Security and Sustainable Development of countries. Catalog also includes Garmonization degree, Sustainable Development, Economic Dimension, Ecological Dimension and Social and Institutional Dimension indices of the 2007 year. Catalog compiled on the base of the data of annual report of such international organizations as the United Nations, Heritage Foundation, World Economic Forum, International Living and Yale University working group on the environment (USA), the Columbia University. The data file contains 97 profiles.

The Australian Antarctic Data Centre's Larsemann Hills topographic GIS dataset was mapped from aerial photography. Refer to the metadata record 'Larsemann Hills - Mapping from aerial photography captured February 1998', Entry ID gis135. Since then GIS data with the locations and attributes of a range of features has been created from various sources, often for the purpose of environmental management. The features include station buildings, refuges, camp sites, management zones, helicopter landing areas, anchorages, beaches, a grave, monuments and Physics equipment. The data are included in the GIS data available for download from a Related URL below. The data conforms to the SCAR Feature Catalogue which includes data quality information. See a Related URL below. Data described by this metadata record has Dataset_id = 6. Each feature has a Qinfo number which, when entered at the 'Search datasets and quality' tab, provides data quality information for the feature, including the origin of the data.

The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) provides a framework for the collation of a consistent set of climate impact data across sectors and scales. It also provides a unique opportunity for considering interactions between climate change impacts across sectors through consistent scenarios.
The ISIMIP3b part of the third simulation round is dedicated to a quantification of climate-related risks at different levels of global warming and socio-economic change. ISIMIP3b group I simulations are based on historical climate change as simulated in CMIP6 combined with observed historical socio-economic forcing. ISIMIP3b group II simulations are based on climate change according to the CMIP6 future projections combined with socio-economic forcings fixed at 2015 levels. ISIMIP3b group III simulations additionally account for future changes in socio-economic forcing.
In order to offer a consistent and common source of reservoirs and associated dams for climate impact modelers, we joined the Global Reservoir and Dam Database (GRanD) v1.3 (Lehner et al., 2011a, 2011b), product of the Global Water System Project, with a set of dams provided by Dr. Jida Wang, from the Kansas State University (KSU). In total, the database includes 7291 dams, constructed/under construction from 286 to 2020, and a total global cumulative storage capacity of approximately 6828 km³. The dams from KSU (11) were constructed or showing some impoundment in Google Earth/Landsat imagery from 2016 to 2020, adding thus some value on the future projections of ISIMIP.

United States Environmental Policy Stringency Index: Technology Support Policies data was reported at 2.000 NA in 2020. This stayed constant from the previous number of 2.000 NA for 2019. United States Environmental Policy Stringency Index: Technology Support Policies data is updated yearly, averaging 1.500 NA from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2020, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.000 NA in 2009 and a record low of 1.000 NA in 2005. United States Environmental Policy Stringency Index: Technology Support Policies data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmental Policy Stringency Index: OECD Member: Annual.