ABSTRACT Objective In this study, we aimed to describe the prevalence and distribution of positive antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) according to sex, age strata, and presence of thyroid dysfunction using baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Materials and methods Thyroid hormone tests were obtained from each study participant at baseline. Levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured using a third-generation immunoenzymatic assay. Antithyroperoxidase antibodies were measured by electrochemiluminescence and were considered to be positive when ≥ 34 IU/mL. Results The prevalence of TPOAb among 13,503 study participants was 12%. Of participants with positive TPOAb, 69% were women. Almost 60% of the individuals with positive TPOAb were white. The presence of positive TPOAb was associated with the entire spectrum of thyroid diseases among women, but only with overt hyperthyroidism and overt hypothyroidism in men. Conclusion The distribution of positive TPOAb across sex, race, age, and thyroid function in the ELSA-Brasil study is aligned with the worldwide prevalence of positive TPOAb reported in iodine-sufficient areas. In women, the presence of TPOAb was related to the entire spectrum of thyroid dysfunction, while in men, it was only related to the occurrence of overt thyroid disease.

Analysis of ‘Thyroid Disease Data Set’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/yasserhessein/thyroid-disease-data-set on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F4333519%2F89263321902c024473790afab75fe467%2FThyroid_Gland.jpg?generation=1610472950514480&alt=media" alt="">

Source:

Ross Quinlan

Data Set Information:

From Garavan Institute Documentation: as given by Ross Quinlan 6 databases from the Garavan Institute in Sydney, Australia Approximately the following for each database:

2800 training (data) instances and 972 test instances Plenty of missing data 29 or so attributes, either Boolean or continuously-valued

2 additional databases, also from Ross Quinlan, are also here

Hypothyroid.data and sick-euthyroid.data Quinlan believes that these databases have been corrupted Their format is highly similar to the other databases

1 more database of 9172 instances that cover 20 classes, and a related domain theory

Another thyroid database from Stefan Aeberhard

3 classes, 215 instances, 5 attributes No missing values

A Thyroid database suited for training ANNs

3 classes 3772 training instances, 3428 testing instances Includes cost data (donated by Peter Turney)

Attribute Information:

N/A

:Link

https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Thyroid+Disease

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

The estimated prevalence of thyroid disorder increased in Italy from 2016 to 2022. In 2016, around 14 percent of the Italian clients of general practitioners suffered from thyroid disorders. In 2021 and 2022, the prevalence of this disorder in Italy was 17.1 percent, the highest figure registered in the period under consideration. This statistic displays the prevalence of thyroid disorder in Italy from 2016 to 2022.

Thyroid diseases are common, and use of levothyroxine is increasing worldwide. We investigated the influence of gender, race and socioeconomic status on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders using data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicenter cohort study of civil servants (35-74 years of age) from six Brazilian cities. Diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction was by thyrotropin (TSH), and free thyroxine (FT4) if TSH was altered, and the use of specific medications. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed using overt hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism and levothyroxine use as dependent variables and sociodemographic characteristics as independent variables. The frequencies of overt hyper- and hypothyroidism were 0.7 and 7.4%, respectively. Using whites as the reference ethnicity, brown, and black race were protective for overt hypothyroidism (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.64-0.89, and OR=0.53, 95%CI=0.43-0.67, respectively, and black race was associated with overt hyperthyroidism (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.06-3.11). Frequency of hypothyroidism treatment was higher in women, browns, highly educated participants and those with high net family incomes. After multivariate adjustment, levothyroxine use was associated with female gender (OR=6.06, 95%CI=3.19-11.49) and high net family income (OR=3.23, 95%CI=1.02-10.23). Frequency of hyperthyroidism treatment was higher in older than in younger individuals. Sociodemographic factors strongly influenced the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders, including the use of levothyroxine.

Thyroid Disorder Market Outlook

The global thyroid disorder market size was valued at approximately $2.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $4.7 billion by 2032, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.2% during the forecast period. This growth is largely driven by the increasing prevalence of thyroid disorders worldwide, which necessitates the need for effective diagnostic and treatment options.

One of the primary growth factors for the thyroid disorder market is the rising incidence of thyroid diseases, such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer. According to various health organizations, the number of people suffering from thyroid disorders has been steadily increasing, which is attributed to factors such as aging populations, exposure to environmental pollutants, and genetic predispositions. This surge in the patient population is creating a robust demand for diagnostic and therapeutic solutions, thereby propelling the market forward.

Advancements in medical technology and pharmaceuticals are also significantly contributing to market growth. Innovations in diagnostic tools, such as high-resolution imaging and sensitive blood tests, are enabling earlier and more accurate detection of thyroid disorders. Additionally, the development of new medications and targeted therapies is enhancing treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. These technological advancements are making it possible to manage thyroid disorders more effectively, thus driving market expansion.

The growing awareness about thyroid health is another crucial growth factor. Public health initiatives and awareness campaigns are educating people about the importance of thyroid health, the symptoms of thyroid disorders, and the available treatment options. This increased awareness is leading to higher diagnostic rates and prompt treatment, thereby reducing disease burden and improving quality of life for patients. Moreover, the rise of telemedicine and online consultations has made it easier for patients to access medical advice and treatment, further boosting market growth.

Disorder Type Analysis

Hypothyroidism is one of the most common thyroid disorders, characterized by an underactive thyroid gland that does not produce enough thyroid hormones. The segment accounted for the largest share of the market in 2023 and is expected to maintain its dominance throughout the forecast period. The high prevalence of hypothyroidism, coupled with the availability of effective treatment options, such as synthetic thyroid hormones, is driving this segment's growth. Additionally, ongoing research into more efficient and patient-friendly treatments is likely to further boost the segment.

Hyperthyroidism Medications play a crucial role in managing the symptoms of an overactive thyroid gland. These medications, which include anti-thyroid drugs like methimazole and propylthiouracil, work by inhibiting the production of thyroid hormones, thus helping to restore hormonal balance in the body. The availability of these medications has significantly improved the quality of life for patients suffering from hyperthyroidism, allowing them to manage their condition effectively. In addition to traditional medications, ongoing research is exploring new drug formulations and delivery methods to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. This focus on innovation is expected to drive further growth in the hyperthyroidism treatment segment, offering patients more personalized and effective therapeutic options.

Hyperthyroidism, characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, is another significant segment within the thyroid disorder market. Although less common than hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. The segment is expected to grow at a steady rate due to the increasing awareness about the condition and the availability of various treatment options, such as anti-thyroid medications and radioactive iodine therapy. Newer treatment modalities and improved diagnostic techniques are also contributing to the segment's growth.

Thyroid cancer represents a smaller but rapidly growing segment within the thyroid disorder market. The incidence of thyroid cancer has been rising globally, driven by factors such as increased diagnostic scrutiny and genetic predispositions. The development of targeted therapies and advanced surgical techniques is significantly improving pa

Background: The relationship between thyroid function and cardiac disease is complex. Both hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis can predispose to ventricular arrhythmia and other major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), so that a U-shaped relationship between thyroid signaling and the incidence of MACE has been postulated. Moreover, recently published data suggest an association between thyroid hormone concentration and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) even in euthyroid populations with high-normal FT4 levels. In this study, we investigated markers of repolarization in ECGs, as predictors of cardiovascular events, in patients with a spectrum of subclinical and overt thyroid dysfunction.Methods: Resting ECGs of 100 subjects, 90 patients (LV-EF > 45%) with thyroid disease (60 overt hyperthyroid, 11 overt hypothyroid and 19 L-T4-treated and biochemically euthyroid patients after thyroidectomy or with autoimmune thyroiditis) and 10 healthy volunteers were analyzed for Tp-e interval. The Tp-e interval was measured manually and was correlated to serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4).Results: The Tp-e interval significantly correlated to log-transformed concentrations of TSH (Spearman's rho = 0.30, p < 0.01), FT4 (rho = −0.26, p < 0.05), and FT3 (rho = −0.23, p < 0.05) as well as log-transformed thyroid's secretory capacity (SPINA-GT, rho = −0.33, p < 0.01). Spearman's rho of correlations of JT interval to log-transformed TSH, FT4, FT3, and SPINA-GT were 0.51 (p < 1e−7), −0.45 (p < 1e−5), −0.55 (p < 1e−8), and −0.43 (p < 1e−4), respectively. In minimal multivariable regression models, markers of thyroid homeostasis correlated to heart rate, QT, Tp-e, and JT intervals. Group-wise evaluation in hypothyroid, euthyroid and hyperthyroid subjects revealed similar correlations in all three groups.Conclusion: We observed significant inverse correlations of Tp-e and JT intervals with FT4 and FT3 over the whole spectrum of thyroid function. Our data suggest a possible mechanism of SCD in hypothyroid state by prolongation of repolarization. We do not observe a U-shaped relationship, so that the mechanism of SCD in patients with high FT4 or hyperthyroidism seems not to be driven by abnormalities in repolarization.

Snapshot img

Hypothyroidism Market Size 2024-2028

The hypothyroidism market size is forecast to increase by USD 789.8 million at a CAGR of 6.8% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing approval of new drugs for the treatment of hypothyroidism. These new drugs offer improved efficacy and fewer side effects, making them a preferred choice for patients in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders. Moreover, inorganic growth strategies, such as mergers and acquisitions, are being adopted by market companies to expand their product portfolios and strengthen their market presence. However, the market faces challenges, including product recalls due to safety concerns, which can negatively impact market growth. These trends and challenges are expected to shape the future of the market. The increasing prevalence of hypothyroidism and the growing awareness of its symptoms and treatment options are also driving market growth. Additionally, advancements in medical technology, such as robotic energy-based therapies, offer new possibilities for the treatment of thyroid disorders.

What will be the Size of the Hypothyroidism Market During the Forecast Period?

Request Free Sample

The market encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland disorders, specifically those resulting in an underactive thyroid. This medical condition, characterized by a deficiency in thyroid hormones, affects an estimated 12% of the U.S. Population, with many cases remaining undiagnosed. Disease awareness campaigns and advancements in technology, such as robotic energy-based therapies, contribute to increased diagnosis rates.



Treatment approaches include drug combinations of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), often administered orally. Primary, secondary, and tertiary forms of hypothyroidism, each with unique causes, require individualized diagnosis and treatment plans, which can be enhanced with robotic medical imaging systems for more precise assessments. Symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, hair loss, and constipation, significantly impact patients' quality of life. The thyroid gland, located In the neck, plays a crucial role in metabolism by producing hormones essential for growth, development, and body function.

How is this Hypothyroidism Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The hypothyroidism industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Disease Type

  Primary hypothyroidism
  Secondary hypothyroidism
  Others


Distribution Channel

  Hospital pharmacy
  Retail pharmacy
  Online pharmacy


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Italy


  Asia

    China
    India
    Japan


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Disease Type Insights

The primary hypothyroidism segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Primary hypothyroidism, characterized by insufficient thyroid hormone production, has two leading causes globally: autoimmune thyroiditis and iodine deficiency. Autoimmune thyroiditis, specifically Hashimoto's disease, is the primary cause in iodine-sufficient regions like the US. Conversely, iodine deficiency remains the leading cause in areas with insufficient iodine intake. Other less common causes include congenital factors, medications, medical treatments, and infiltrative diseases. Understanding the etiology and prevalence of primary hypothyroidism is essential for effective market segmentation and targeting. In iodine-sufficient regions, autoimmune thyroid diseases are the predominant cause. The market size and growth are influenced by various factors, including disease prevalence, diagnosis methods, and available treatments.

Autoimmune disorders and iodine deficiency significantly impact the market dynamics. Lifestyle modifications, laboratory procedures such as thyroid ultrasound and thyroid antibody exam, and in-market drugs are crucial interventions for managing hypothyroidism. Epidemiological studies provide valuable insights into the disease burden and market potential.

Get a glance at the Hypothyroidism Industry report of share of various segments Request Free Sample

The primary hypothyroidism segment was valued at USD 834.40 million in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 35% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

For more insights on the market share of various regions, Request Free Sample

The North Am

Thyroid Disorder Therapy Market is segmented By Disease Type (Thyroid Cancer, Hypothyroidism, goiter and Hyperthyroidism) and Drug Class (Levothyroxine, Liothyronine, Kinase Inhibitors, Anthracyclines and Beta-Blockers)

This statistic depicts the share of individuals suffering from thyroid disorder in Italy in 2017, by age group. According to data, the prevalence of these kinds of disorders increased proportionally with age up to 79 years. In 2017, 17.2 percent of people aged 50 to 54 years were dealing with some thyroid disfunctions.

Thyroid dysfunctions are highly prevalent and can worsen underlying cardiopathies, but despite that the routine screening of thyroid function in the Emergency Department (ED) setting is not generally recommended. The objective of this study was to understand if staff training and implementation of rapid TSH screening (rTSH) could improve the management of patients arrived in the ED. Specifically, we aimed at evaluating the prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid diseases among ED patients; the effects of educational meetings in the clinical decision-making process; the usefulness of rTSH, in terms of variation of either the clinical work out or the existing treatment. We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 9227 patients managed in the ED of an academic institution. rTSH was routinely available for all patients, who were divided into rTSH-YES and rTSH-NO groups. We included 4243 and 4984 patients in the rTSH-YES and rTSH-NO group, respectively. Trained personnel uncovered a high prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction (7%). The diagnosis in the ED of heart failure, history of thyroid diseases, contrast media/amiodarone administration and female gender were independently associated with an increased likelihood to have thyroid dysfunction. The rTSH improved the clinical outcome by (a) appropriate treatment of an underlying clinical condition causing ED entrance, (b) appropriate prophylaxis in patients requiring contrast media, (c) uncovering incorrect treatments, with 60% of patients on levothyroxine requiring a dose reduction. In conclusion, the rTSH in the ED revealed a high prevalence of untreated thyroid disorders with a major impact on following interventions. The training of a multidisciplinary team is crucial in driving the correct decision-making process.

Thyroid Function Test Market Outlook

The global thyroid function test market was valued at approximately $1.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $2.1 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.3% during the forecast period. The market size is primarily driven by the increasing prevalence of thyroid diseases, rising awareness about thyroid disorders, and advances in diagnostic technologies. The high incidence of conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism among the global population is a significant growth factor for this market.

One of the major growth factors for the thyroid function test market is the rising awareness and increasing diagnostic rates of thyroid disorders. As healthcare systems around the world become more advanced and accessible, more individuals are being diagnosed with thyroid conditions at earlier stages. This has been bolstered by public health initiatives focusing on the importance of early diagnosis and management of thyroid-related diseases. Furthermore, the rise in routine health check-ups that include thyroid function tests has contributed significantly to market growth.

Technological advancements in diagnostic tools and methods are another critical driver of market expansion. Innovations such as high-sensitivity TSH assays, point-of-care testing, and the integration of artificial intelligence in diagnostic processes have revolutionized the accuracy and speed of thyroid tests. These advancements not only improve diagnostic accuracy but also enhance patient outcomes by enabling timely and effective treatment interventions. As a result, healthcare providers are increasingly adopting these advanced technologies, which, in turn, drives market growth.

The growing geriatric population and the associated rise in the prevalence of thyroid disorders among elderly individuals is also contributing to the market's growth. Older adults are more susceptible to thyroid dysfunction, necessitating regular thyroid function tests for effective management. Additionally, the increased focus on personalized medicine and the importance of tailored treatment plans have further highlighted the need for accurate thyroid function testing, thereby propelling market demand.

The Anti thyroglobulin Antibody Test Kit plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune thyroid diseases. This test kit is specifically designed to detect antibodies against thyroglobulin, a protein produced by the thyroid gland. The presence of these antibodies can indicate conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease, which are common causes of thyroid dysfunction. By providing accurate and early detection, the Anti thyroglobulin Antibody Test Kit aids healthcare professionals in tailoring treatment plans and monitoring disease progression. The growing prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disorders has led to an increased demand for these specialized test kits, further driving market growth.

Regional outlook for the thyroid function test market indicates significant growth potential in various parts of the world. North America and Europe are expected to remain dominant due to their advanced healthcare infrastructure, high awareness levels, and robust diagnostic frameworks. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period due to the increasing healthcare expenditure, improving diagnostic facilities, and growing awareness about thyroid disorders. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also expected to show moderate growth, driven by rising healthcare initiatives and improving access to diagnostic services.

Test Type Analysis

The thyroid function test market can be segmented based on test types, including TSH Test, T3 Test, T4 Test, and others. The TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Test is the most commonly used test and holds the largest market share. This is due to its high sensitivity and reliability in detecting thyroid dysfunction. TSH tests are often the first-line diagnostic tool for evaluating thyroid function and are widely recommended by healthcare professionals. The increasing prevalence of thyroid disorders and the routine use of TSH tests in screening programs contribute significantly to their market dominance.

The "https://dataintelo.com/report/global-free-triiodothyronine-test-kit-market" target="_blank">Fr

As per the results of a large scale survey conducted across India in 2021, about 13 percent of the respondents above 60 years of age suffered from thyroid problems. Whereas around five percent of the respondents below 19 years of age reported to have thyroid issues.

This statistic shows the share of women who underwent thyroid function tests in Italy in 2017, by disease. According to data, the most popular examinations were the ones for hyperthyroidism (40 percent) and hypothyroidism (38 percent). Only eight percent of women took a test for hypoparathyroidism.

The Thyroid Gland Disorders Treatment Market is Segmented by Type of Disorder (Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, and Other Types of Disorder), Route of Administration (Oral, Parenteral, and Other Routes of Administration), Drug Class (Thioamides, Ionic Inhibitors, Hormone-release Inhibitors, and Other Drug Classes), Distribution Channel (Wholesale Distribution, Retail Stores, and Online Pharmacy), and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle-East and Africa, and South America). The report offers the value (in USD million) for the above segments.

Snapshot img

Thyroid Gland Disorder Treatment Market Size 2024-2028

The thyroid gland disorder treatment market size is forecast to increase by USD 848.5 million at a CAGR of 5.01% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by increasing awareness programs for thyroid disorders worldwide. This trend is particularly prominent in emerging economies, where the prevalence of thyroid conditions is rising due to changing lifestyles and dietary habits. However, the market's growth is not without challenges. Established players in the market hold a high entry barrier due to their extensive research and development capabilities and strong market presence. Iodine deficiency remains a significant cause of thyroid disorders, making it essential for governments and healthcare organizations to implement prevention programs. Telemedicine and remote monitoring solutions enable endocrinology consultations, expanding access to care and supporting medical tourism, while also enhancing the efficiency of medical diagnostics for patients seeking treatment across borders. As a result, new entrants must invest heavily in research and development to offer innovative solutions and differentiate themselves from competitors.
Despite these challenges, the market presents substantial opportunities for companies seeking to capitalize on the growing demand for effective thyroid disorder treatments. Strategic collaborations, product innovation, and expanding into emerging markets are potential avenues for companies to gain a competitive edge and drive growth In the market.

What will be the Size of the Thyroid Gland Disorder Treatment Market during the forecast period?

Request Free Sample

The market encompasses a range of conditions, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and euthyroid sick syndrome. This market is driven by various factors, including the aging global population and the increasing prevalence of thyroid disorders. Medical technology advances continue to shape the landscape, with customized medicine techniques and novel medicines emerging.
Diagnostic technologies, including thyroid function tests and ultrasound imaging, facilitate accurate diagnosis. Market growth is further fueled by the rise in conditions like Graves' disease and iodine deficiency. Overall, the thyroid gland disorder market is experiencing significant activity and growth, with ongoing innovation in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

How is the Thyroid Gland Disorder Treatment Industry segmented?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Type

  Hypothyroidism
  Hyperthyroidism


Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  Asia
  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The hypothyroidism segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce adequate thyroid hormones, which can lead to health complications such as obesity, infertility, joint pain, and cardiovascular diseases. Women are more susceptible to this condition than men, and geriatric populations are also at a higher risk. Hypothyroidism often goes unnoticed during its early stages, but if left untreated, it can lead to significant health issues. Diagnostic resources, including diagnostic facilities, diagnostic labs, and diagnostic technologies, play a crucial role in identifying thyroid disorders.

Thyroid function tests, such as the Bloom Thyroid Test, are essential in diagnosing hypothyroidism. Treatment options include medication, such as Thyroxine, and customized medicine techniques. Endocrinology consultations, surgery, and radioactive iodine therapy are also viable treatment methods. Alternative therapies, such as home care testing kits and iodine supplements, are gaining popularity. Environmental conditions and certain diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and iodine deficiency disorders, can contribute to the development of hypothyroidism. Mental duress and euthyroid sick syndrome can also impact thyroid function. The financial burden of thyroid disorder treatment can be significant, making healthcare access and affordability crucial concerns for patients.

Get a glance at the market report of share of various segments Request Free Sample

The Hypothyroidism segment was valued at USD 1.64 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 37% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that sh

Thyroid disease presents a significant health risk, lowering the quality of life and increasing treatment costs. The diagnosis of thyroid disease can be challenging, especially for inexperienced practitioners. Machine learning has been established as one of the methods for disease diagnosis based on previous studies. This research introduces a novel and more effective technique for predicting thyroid disease by utilizing machine learning methodologies, surpassing the performance of previous studies in this field. This study utilizes the UCI thyroid disease dataset, which consists of 9172 samples and 30 features, and exhibits a highly imbalanced target class distribution. However, machine learning algorithms trained on imbalanced thyroid disease data face challenges in reliably detecting minority data and disease. To address this issue, re-sampling is employed, which modifies the ratio between target classes to balance the data. In this study, the down-sampling approach is utilized to achieve a balanced distribution of target classes. A novel RF-based self-stacking classifier is presented in this research for efficient thyroid disease detection. The proposed approach demonstrates the ability to diagnose primary hypothyroidism, increased binding protein, compensated hypothyroidism, and concurrent non-thyroidal illness with an accuracy of 99.5%. The recommended model exhibits state-of-the-art performance, achieving 100% macro precision, 100% macro recall, and 100% macro F1-score. A thorough comparative assessment is conducted to demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach, including several machine learning classifiers, deep neural networks, and ensemble voting classifiers. The results of K-fold cross-validation provide further support for the efficacy of the proposed self-stacking classifier.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Pooja Das

Contents

The Thyroid Function Test Marketsize was valued at USD 1.91 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.89 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.9 % during the forecast period. Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs) are diagnostic requisites that are used to measure the efficiency of the thyroid gland, responsible for the regulation of metabolisms. TFTs that would commonly be performed consist of an assessment of levels of T3, T4, TSH, and, at times, the antibodies that are affiliated with thyroid dysfunctions. TSH reveals the activity of the thyroid gland as feedback from the pituitary gland while T3 & T4 offer a direct picture of the thyroid activity. A key aspect of how TFTs are used is to diagnose hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroiditis, and assess the effectiveness of thyroid medications. It plays a crucial role as a diagnostic test, in decision-making on the kinds of treatment, and the management of thyroid hormones. Clinical applications of TFT results yield optimal treatment of thyroid diseases, thus promoting the best interest of patients. Key drivers for this market are: “Application of cost-effective materials for manufacturing is likely to propel the global microfluidic devices market”. Potential restraints include: Lack of Diagnosis and Treatment in Developing Countries to Limit the Demand for Wound Dressings . Notable trends are: Shift of Healthcare Providers from Medication to Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Neurological Disorders to Fuel the Market.

Thyroid Function Test Market size was valued at USD 1.91 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 2.94 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 6.10% from 2024 to 2031.

Global Thyroid Function Test Market Drivers

Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Disorders: The increased global prevalence of thyroid problems such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer are the major factors. As knowledge and diagnostic methods improve, more people are being checked for thyroid dysfunction which increases demand for TFTs.

Technological Advances in Diagnostic Technologies: TFT market expansion is being driven by technological advancements such as more sensitive and specific assays, automated testing platforms and point-of-care testing choices. These advancements improve diagnostic accuracy, shorten turnaround times and increase convenience for both healthcare personnel and patients.

Aging Population and Healthcare Awareness: The growing aging population which is more susceptible to thyroid diseases together with increased healthcare awareness and screening programs adds to the TFT market’s growth. Early detection and regular monitoring of thyroid function have become common procedures driving up market demand for these tests.