本研究包括 942 个家庭，采用问卷调查，从共同育儿和家校合作的角度调查父母压力与儿童学习参与之间的关系。

The global gear reducer market is booming, projected to reach $15.13 billion by 2033 with a 5.4% CAGR. Driven by automation and EV growth, this in-depth analysis explores market segments, key players (like Bonfiglioli & SEW-EURODRIVE), and regional trends. Discover the future of gear reducers here!

Supplementary Files for Bourke et al (2019) in G3

Explore the booming parallel drive axle market! Discover key trends, growth drivers, and leading companies shaping this $18 billion industry (2025 estimate). Learn about regional market share and future projections for single & double reduction axles in passenger & commercial vehicles. Get insights into CAGR, market segmentation, and competitive landscape analysis.

Discover the booming parallel drive axle market! Our comprehensive analysis reveals key trends, growth drivers, and regional insights for 2025-2033, featuring major players like BYD Auto and ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Explore market segmentation by application (passenger & commercial vehicles) and axle type (single & double reduction).

The size of the Double Final Reduction Drive market was valued at USD XXX million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD XXX million by 2033, with an expected CAGR of XX% during the forecast period.

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 2014 to 2023 for Double Tree Elementary School vs. Tennessee and Memphis-Shelby County Schools

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 1999 to 2023 for Double File Trail Elementary School vs. Texas and Round Rock Independent School District

Forage grasses are mainly used in animal feed to fatten cattle and dairy herds, and guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) is considered one of the most productive of the tropical forage crops that reproduce by seeds. Due to the recent process of domestication, this species has several genomic complexities, such as autotetraploidy and aposporous apomixis. Consequently, approaches that relate phenotypic and genotypic data are incipient. In this context, we built a linkage map with allele dosage and generated novel information of the genetic architecture of traits that are important for the breeding of M. maximus. From a full-sib progeny, a linkage map containing 858 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with allele dosage information expected for an autotetraploid was obtained. The high genetic variability of the progeny allowed us to map 10 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to agronomic traits, such as regrowth capacity and total dry matter, and 36 QTLs related to nutritional quality, which were distributed among all homology groups (HGs). Various overlapping regions associated with the quantitative traits suggested QTL hotspots. In addition, we were able to map one locus that controls apospory (apo-locus) in HG II. A total of 55 different gene families involved in cellular metabolism and plant growth were identified from markers adjacent to the QTLs and APOSPORY locus using the Panicum virgatum genome as a reference in comparisons with the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Our results provide a better understanding of the genetic basis of reproduction by apomixis and traits important for breeding programs that considerably influence animal productivity as well as the quality of meat and milk.

Double Helical Gear Manufacturing Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Double Helical Gear Manufacturing market size reached USD 5.97 billion in 2024, reflecting robust demand across key industrial sectors. The market is experiencing a notable compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.1% during the forecast period, and by 2033, it is anticipated to reach a value of USD 10.13 billion. This growth is primarily attributed to the increasing adoption of high-efficiency gear solutions in heavy-duty applications, the expansion of automation in manufacturing, and the rising need for noise and vibration reduction in critical machinery. As per our latest research, the market is being propelled by advancements in gear manufacturing processes, a surge in demand from OEMs, and the ongoing modernization of power transmission systems globally.

One of the primary growth factors for the Double Helical Gear Manufacturing market is the rising emphasis on operational efficiency and precision engineering in industrial machinery. Double helical gears, known for their ability to transmit higher loads with minimal noise and vibration, are increasingly favored in sectors such as power generation, marine, and automotive. The need for reliable and durable gear systems in high-torque applications has resulted in a steady uptick in demand for both standard and customized double helical gears. Additionally, the integration of advanced materials and surface treatments has further enhanced the performance and lifespan of these gears, making them indispensable in mission-critical applications. The continuous push for automation and the adoption of Industry 4.0 practices are also compelling manufacturers to invest in innovative gear solutions, thereby driving market growth.

Another significant factor fueling the growth of the Double Helical Gear Manufacturing market is the technological evolution in manufacturing processes. The advent of precision machining, computer numerical control (CNC) technologies, and additive manufacturing (3D printing) has revolutionized gear production, enabling manufacturers to achieve tighter tolerances and complex geometries. These advancements have not only improved the quality and performance of double helical gears but have also reduced lead times and production costs. The growing adoption of 3D printing, in particular, is opening new avenues for customized and small-batch gear production, catering to niche requirements in aerospace, automotive, and industrial machinery. Furthermore, manufacturers are increasingly leveraging simulation and modeling tools to optimize gear design, resulting in enhanced efficiency and reduced material wastage.

Sustainability and energy efficiency are also emerging as crucial growth drivers in the Double Helical Gear Manufacturing market. With stringent regulations on energy consumption and emissions, industries are seeking gear solutions that contribute to overall system efficiency. Double helical gears, with their superior load distribution and reduced friction losses, are being recognized as a key enabler of energy-efficient power transmission. The trend towards electrification in automotive and industrial sectors is further amplifying the demand for high-performance gears that can operate seamlessly in electric and hybrid systems. Additionally, the focus on reducing maintenance costs and downtime is prompting end-users to opt for advanced gear materials and coatings, thereby supporting market expansion.

In the realm of industrial applications, the Industrial Helical Gear Reducer plays a pivotal role in enhancing the performance and efficiency of machinery. These gear reducers are specifically designed to handle high torque and provide smooth power transmission, making them indispensable in sectors such as manufacturing, mining, and energy. The unique helical design allows for quieter operation and greater load capacity compared to traditional gear systems. As industries continue to demand more reliable and efficient power transmission solutions, the adoption of Industrial Helical Gear Reducers is expected to rise, driving innovation and growth in the gear manufacturing market.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region continues to dominate the Double Helical Gear Manufacturing market, accounting for the largest share in 2024. This dominance is attr

Discover the booming miniature worm gear reducer market! This in-depth analysis reveals a $202M (2025) market with a 5.3% CAGR, driven by automation and technological advancements in logistics, automotive, and construction. Explore key players, regional trends, and future projections (2025-2033) for single/double-reduction gearboxes.

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 2003 to 2023 for Double Diamond Elementary School vs. Nevada and Washoe County School District

What are the features of movement encoded by changing motor commands? Do motor commands encode movement independently or can they be represented in a reduced set of signals (i.e. synergies)? Motor encoding poses a computational and practical challenge because many muscles typically drive movement, and simultaneous electrophysiology recordings of all motor commands are typically not available. Moreover, during a single locomotor period (a stride or wingstroke) the variation in movement may have high dimensionality, even if only a few discrete signals activate the muscles. Here, we apply the method of partial least squares (PLS) to extract the encoded features of movement based on the cross-covariance of motor signals and movement. PLS simultaneously decomposes both datasets and identifies only the variation in movement that relates to the specific muscles of interest. We use this approach to explore how the main downstroke flight muscles of an insect, the hawkmoth Manduca sexta, encode torque during yaw turns. We simultaneously record muscle activity and turning torque in tethered flying moths experiencing wide-field visual stimuli. We ask whether this pair of muscles acts as a muscle synergy (a single linear combination of activity) consistent with their hypothesized function of producing a left-right power differential. Alternatively, each muscle might individually encode variation in movement. We show that PLS feature analysis produces an efficient reduction of dimensionality in torque variation within a wingstroke. At first, the two muscles appear to behave as a synergy when we consider only their wingstroke-averaged torque. However, when we consider the PLS features, the muscles reveal independent encoding of torque. Using these features we can predictably reconstruct the variation in torque corresponding to changes in muscle activation. PLS-based feature analysis provides a general two-sided dimensionality reduction that reveals encoding in high dimensional sensory or motor transformations.

Hub Reduction Axle Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Hub Reduction Axle market size reached USD 5.4 billion in 2024, reflecting robust demand across diverse end-use industries. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.2% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a projected value of USD 9.3 billion by 2033. The primary growth factor driving this expansion is the increasing adoption of hub reduction axles in heavy commercial vehicles and off-highway applications, particularly in regions with rapidly developing infrastructure and industrial sectors.

The growth of the Hub Reduction Axle market is significantly influenced by the rapid expansion in the construction, mining, and agricultural sectors, particularly in emerging economies. As these industries continue to invest in advanced machinery and heavy-duty vehicles, the demand for robust and efficient drivetrain solutions, such as hub reduction axles, is on the rise. These axles are preferred for their ability to deliver higher torque, improved load distribution, and enhanced durability, making them ideal for vehicles operating in challenging terrains and under heavy loads. Additionally, the global trend towards infrastructure modernization and the increasing focus on productivity and operational efficiency have further accelerated the adoption of hub reduction axles in various industrial applications.

Another key driver for the hub reduction axle market is the technological advancements in axle design and manufacturing. The integration of advanced materials, precision engineering, and smart monitoring systems has led to the development of lighter, more durable, and highly efficient hub reduction axles. These innovations have not only improved the performance and reliability of vehicles but have also contributed to lower maintenance costs and extended service life. OEMs and aftermarket players are increasingly focusing on R&D activities to introduce next-generation products that meet the evolving needs of end-users. Furthermore, stringent regulatory standards related to vehicle emissions and safety have pushed manufacturers to develop more efficient and environmentally friendly axle solutions, thereby boosting market growth.

The rising trend towards electrification and hybridization in commercial vehicles is also shaping the hub reduction axle market. With major automotive manufacturers investing in electric and hybrid heavy-duty vehicles, the need for specialized axle solutions that can handle high torque outputs and regenerative braking systems is growing. Hub reduction axles are well-suited for these applications, as they provide the necessary torque multiplication and support the integration of electric drivetrains. This shift is expected to open new avenues for market players, especially as governments worldwide continue to promote sustainable transportation and invest in green mobility infrastructure.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific dominates the hub reduction axle market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed by North America and Europe. The strong presence of automotive and heavy equipment manufacturing industries in countries like China, India, and Japan, coupled with ongoing infrastructure development projects, has fueled market growth in this region. North America, with its mature commercial vehicle sector and focus on technological innovation, also represents a significant market. Europe, known for its stringent emission norms and advanced engineering capabilities, continues to be a key region for high-performance axle solutions. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing steady growth, driven by increasing investments in mining, agriculture, and construction sectors.

Product Type Analysis

The hub reduction axle market by product type is segmented into single reduction axles and double reduction axles. Single reduction axles are widely utilized in applications where moderate torque and load handling are sufficient, such as in light and medium-duty trucks and buses. These axles are favored for their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of maintenance. However, as industries demand higher efficiency and performance, the adoption of double reduction axles is gaining momentum, especially in heavy commercial vehicles and off-highway applications. Double reduction axles, characterized by two sets of reduction gears, offer superior torque multiplication, making them ideal for vehicles operating

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 1999 to 2023 for Double O Elementary School vs. Oregon and Double O School District 28

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 2002 to 2023 for Double Springs Elementary School vs. Alabama and Winston County School District