This pathway shows a high-level overview of oxytocin signaling.

Abstract: Affectionate touch, which is vital for mental and physical health, was restricted during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study investigated the association between momentary affectionate touch and subjective well-being, as well as salivary oxytocin and cortisol in everyday life during the pandemic. In the first step, we measured anxiety and depression symptoms, loneliness, and attitude toward social touch in a large cross-sectional online survey (N=1,050). From this sample, N=247 participants completed ecologically momentary assessments (EMA) over two days with six daily assessments by answering smartphone-based questions on affectionate touch and momentary mental state and providing concomitant saliva samples for cortisol and oxytocin assessment. Multilevel models showed that on a within-person level, affectionate touch was associated with decreased self-reported anxiety, general burden, stress, and increased oxytocin levels. On a between-person level, affectionate touch was associated with decreased cortisol levels and higher happiness. Moreover, individuals with a positive attitude towards social touch experiencing loneliness reported more mental health problems. Our results suggest that affectionate touch is linked to higher endogenous oxytocin in times of pandemic and lockdown and might buffer stress on a subjective and hormonal level. These findings might have implications for preventing mental burden during social contact restrictions.

dataset for Van Cappellen, P., Way, B., Isgett, S. F., & Fredrickson, B. L. (in press). Effects of oxytocin administration on spirituality and emotional responses to meditation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.

The Oxytocin Injection Market offers a wide range of products, including injectable solutions, nasal sprays, and tablets. Injectable solutions are the most widely used form of oxytocin delivery, commonly used in hospitals and clinical settings. Nasal sprays are gaining popularity due to their ease of administration and reduced side effects. Tablets, while less common, offer a convenient option for at-home use. Recent developments include: August 2022:Tonix Pharmaceuticals has been granted a United States patent for intranasal Oxytocin (TNX-1900) for pain treatment. The patent, titled "Magnesium-Containing Oxytocin Formulations and Methods of Use," covers methods and compositions related to treating pain, including that associated with migraine headaches, using intranasal magnesium-containing oxytocin formulations. This patent is anticipated to secure Tonix with U.S. market exclusivity until January 2036, excluding any potential patent term extensions., May 2022:The Central government of India has granted permission for the import of oxytocin reference standards for testing and analysis. This approval was obtained after the submission of a test license issued by the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI).. Notable trends are: Growing maternal healthcare initiatives is driving the market growth.

The table contains 28 products whose active ingredient are classified under the same pharmacologic class Oxytocin [CS].

The Oxytocin Market size was valued at USD 4.07 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 8.89 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 11.8 % during the forecasts period. Oxytocin is a hormone and neurotransmitter known for its role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation. Produced in the brain's hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, it facilitates labor contractions during childbirth and stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding. This hormone also influences social behaviors, promoting trust, empathy, and bonding between individuals. In medicine, synthetic oxytocin (Pitocin) is used to induce labor, manage postpartum hemorrhage, and assist in lactation. Advantages of oxytocin include its pivotal role in promoting maternal-infant bonding, aiding in reproductive health, and potentially improving social interactions and psychological well-being. Research suggests it may have therapeutic applications in disorders involving social deficits, although further studies are needed to fully understand its effects and benefits.

The dataset contains the files (DARE_Workfile, Empathy_Workfile) used for the analyses of the study published by Fragkaki and Cima (2019) in Psychoneuroendocrinology. The study examined the effect of oxytocin administration on empathy and emotion recognition in 100 male adolescents living in residential youth care facilities. The study had a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design. The study included 3 sessions: screening session and two experimental sessions. In the experimental sessions, the participants received oxytocin in one session and placebo in the other session and performed the same experimental tasks on empathy and emotion recognition 30 min after administration. The order of the sprays as well as the order of the tasks were randomized using computer randomization. We performed mixed modeling to examined the effect of oxytocin on the outcome variables. The file “Documentation-ReadMe” describes the trial information, methodology, and the variables included in the datasets. The file "icu_dutch" is the Dutch version of the Inventory of callous-unemotional traits, the file ctq_dutch" is the Dutch version of the Childhood trauma questionnaire", and the file "ades_dutch" is the Dutch version of the Adolescent dissociative experiences scale.

Social behavior plays an essential role in daily life. The neuropeptide oxytocin has generated considerable interest for its role in social behavior and potential to treat psychiatric disorders characterised by social dysfunction. This study advances our understanding of the neurobiological substrates of social behavior by interrogating human whole-brain maps of oxytocin pathway gene expression, demonstrating these genes are enriched in central, temporal, and olfactory brain regions. We also show via large-scale fMRI meta-analysis that these gene expression patterns correspond with brain regions involved in emotion and motivation processing. These results provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of corresponding mental states with gene expression patterns of a neuropeptide pathway involved in complex human behaviors, and identify neural network targets for future oxytocin trials.

Notes: PPH: postpartum hemorrhage; CEmONC facilities: facilities with comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care; BEmONC facilities: facilities with basic emergency obstetric and newborn care; QALY: quality-adjusted life years†Incremental cost of Uniject relative to the traditional use of oxytocin in ampulesΩExpressed as the proportion of the gap (between the ideal of 100% of women receiving oxytocin and the proportion currently receiving it) which could potentially be reduced by using Uniject instead of oxytocin in ampules.For the probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) the “probability of PPH without oxytocin”, the “conditional probability of severe PPH (given PPH)”, the “Risk of hysterectomy due to severe PPH”, the “Relative risk of PPH when receiving oxytocin” and the “Oxytocin effectiveness (% gap reduction)” were assumed to follow a Beta distribution. Alpha and beta parameters were approximated considering the mean the main estimate and as standard deviation the 10% of the mean value. The “incremental cost of Uniject” was assumed to follow a Gamma distribution. Alpha and beta parameters were approximated in these cases considering the mean as the main estimate and as standard deviation the 25% of the mean value.Global parameters: Base case values, ranges used in the sensitivity analysis and data sources.

A collection of 11 brain maps. Each brain map is a 3D array of values representing properties of the brain at different locations.

Collection description

The present study assessed the effects of intranasal oxytocin on the neural basis of processing emotional faces in patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Twenty BDD patients and 22 matched healthy control participants participated in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled within-subject functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Following acute intranasal OXT (24 IU) or placebo administration, we examined group and OXT related differences in task-based amygdala activation and related functional connectivity in response to an emotional face-matching task of fearful, angry, disgusted, sad, surprised and happy faces.

A collection of 1 brain maps. Each brain map is a 3D array of values representing properties of the brain at different locations.

Collection description

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intranasal OXT on amygdala resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in BDD. In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, participants received intranasal OXT (24 IU) or placebo before resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 19 BDD participants and 17 demographically matched healthy controls. The left and right amygdala were seeded as regions of interest, and temporal correlations between the amygdalae and all other voxels comprising cortical and subcortical grey matter were investigated.

The market size of the oxytocin market size and forecast 2 is categorized based on Application (Odinopoeia, Labor-inducing Drug, Other) and Product (10IU, 5IU, 200IU, Other) and geographical regions (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle-East and Africa).

The provided report presents market size and predictions for the value of oxytocin market size and forecast 2, measured in USD million, across the mentioned segments.

Get the sample copy of Oxytocin Market Report 2024 (Global Edition) which includes data such as Market Size, Share, Growth, CAGR, Forecast, Revenue, list of Oxytocin Companies (Merck & Co, Pfizer, Mylan, GSK, Novartis, Roche, Grindeks), Market Segmented by Type (Oxytocin Injection, Dry Powder Oxytocin), by Application (For Baby Born, For Comestic, Others)

Get the sample copy of Oxytocin Receptor Antagonists Market Report 2024 (Global Edition) which includes data such as Market Size, Share, Growth, CAGR, Forecast, Revenue, list of Oxytocin Receptor Antagonists Companies (Ferring, Sun Pharmaceutical, Biopas, PolyPeptide, CS Bio), Market Segmented by Type (Non Peptide and Orally Active Oxytocin Receptor Antagonist, High Affinity Human Oxytocin (OT) Receptor Antagonist), by Application (Animals, People)

Both oxytocin (OT) and touch are key mediators of social attachment. In rodents, tactile stimulation elicits endogenous release of OT, potentially facilitating attachment and other forms of prosocial behavior, yet the relationship between endogenous OT and neural modulation remains unexplored in humans. Using serial sampling of plasma hormone levels during functional neuroimaging across two successive social interactions, we show that contextual circumstances of social touch influence not only current hormonal and brain responses but also later responses. Namely, touch from a male to his female romantic partner enhanced her subsequent OT release for touch from an unfamiliar stranger, yet females’ OT responses to partner touch were dampened following stranger touch. Hypothalamus and dorsal raphe activation reflected plasma OT changes during the initial social interaction. In the subsequent interaction, precuneus and parietal-temporal cortex pathways tracked time- and context-dependent variables in an OT-dependent manner. This OT-dependent cortical modulation included a region of medial prefrontal cortex that also covaried with plasma cortisol, suggesting an influence on stress responses. These findings demonstrate that modulation between hormones and the brain during human social interactions can flexibly adapt to features of social context over time.

Plasma samples for OT analysis were extracted using acetonitrile precipitation (Merck Millipore: Human Neuropeptide Magnetic Bead Panel 96-Well Plate Assay Cat. # HNPMAG-35K) and OT concentrations were then determined using the Oxytocin ELISA kit (Enzo Life Sciences; sensitivity > 15.0 pg/ml, intra-assay precision 10.2-13.3 % CV, inter-assay precision 11.8–20.9 % CV).

Plasma cortisol levels were determined using the Cortisol Parameter Assay Kit according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA) (sensitivity 0.071 ng/mL, precision 10.4%). Cortisol analysis serum samples were diluted 60 times preceding analysis. Pretreatment steps of the serum samples resulted in a dilution factor of three and the pretreated serum samples required an additional 20-fold dilution in Calibrator Diluent RD5-43.

For both the OT and cortisol analyses, standards and controls were implemented according to manufacturer recommendations. Washing procedures were performed using a Wellwash™ Microplate Washer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) and the absorbance was read using a Multiskan™ FC Microplate Photometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). The color development of the samples was read for OT at 405 nm (background correction at 571 nm) and for cortisol at 450 nm (background correction at 571 nm). SkanIt™ Software was used for creation of standard curves, curve fitting and calculation of concentrations (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA).

The global oxytocin market size is forecast to reach USD 193.02 million and estimated to expand at a CAGR of 9.3% by 2032, according to PMR.

Antepartum Oxytocin: Used to induce or augment labor contractions when necessary to facilitate childbirth.Postpartum Oxytocin: Administered after delivery to promote uterine involution and reduce the risk of post-partum hemorrhage. Recent developments include: August 2022:The US patent for the painkiller intranasal oxytocin (TNX-1900) was awarded to Tonix Pharmaceuticals. Under the heading "Magnesium-Containing Oxytocin Formulations and Methods of Use," the patent sought to protect patients from pain—including migraine headaches—by employing intranasal formulations of oxytocin that contain magnesium. Tonix should have U.S. market exclusivity through January 2036 thanks to this invention, barring any potential patent term extensions., May 2020:Carbetocin Ferring, a heat-stable formulation approved by Swissmedic, is used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage in all births. This drug is the first to be approved under the new MAGHP (Marketing Authorization for Global Health Products) and Swissmedic procedures.. Notable trends are: Increasing number of difficulties during childbirth is driving the market growth.

The market size of the oxytocin market size and forecast is categorized based on Type (Injection, Nasal Spray) and Application (For Baby Born, For Comestic, Others) and geographical regions (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle-East and Africa).

The provided report presents market size and predictions for the value of oxytocin market size and forecast, measured in USD million, across the mentioned segments.

The implementation of an institutional oxytocin checklist did not affect expert assessment of the use of oxytocin in labor. Checklist is included within the publication's appendix.