Frozen Parrotfish global market overview covering 134 countries. Analyze supplier network (0 premium suppliers), 106 exporters and 145 importers with company-profile and analytics context in Supply Chain Intelligence. Track wholesale (0) and farmgate (0) price updates for sourcing and trade decisions. Data reference year: 2024. Last updated: 2026-04-09.

This activity uses REEF data to examine parrotfish population trends. Students practice data management and visualization, develop research questions and critically evaluate citizen science methods. Data interpretation, critical thinking, and communication skills are emphasized.

Data associated with the publication 'Ecological drivers of parrotfish coral predation vary across spatial scales', comparing parrotfish coral predation intensity as it relates to parrotfish density/biomass, coral cover, and other ecological variables from the scale of individual coral colonies to reefs spanning four regions of the Greater Caribbean. This dataset includes several datasets: 1) regional_coral_scar_data.csv: Surveys of coral colonies (with and without parrotfish predation scars) across all regions. 2) processed_coral_scar_data_colony_level.csv: Processed data from the file above filtered to only include coral taxa commonly predated by parrotfishes (determined as coral taxa for which at least 3 colonies across the entire dataset had 3 recent parrotfish predation scars). This includes the calculated coral colony surface area and the estimated total/sum recent scar area per coral colony. 3) regional_fish_data.csv: Parrotfish abundance and size for individuals greater than or equal to 15 cm fork length. This data includes estimated fish weight and related length-weight conversion values used to calculate these values. 4) site_coordinates.csv: Metadata of the latitude and longitude of all study sites.

Frozen Parrotfish Iran market overview: suppliers, trade, and price intelligence. Review 0 premium suppliers, 0 sampled export transactions, 0 export partner companies, and 0 import partner companies with Supply Chain Intelligence company-profile and analytics context. Monitor wholesale (0) and farmgate (0) price updates for procurement and trade strategy. Data reference year: 2024. Last updated: 2026-03-30.

Get the latest USA Parrotfish import data with importer names, shipment details, buyers list, product description, price, quantity, and major US ports.

To better understand the functional roles of parrotfishes on Caribbean reefs we documented abundance, habitat preferences, and diets of nine species of parrotfishes (Scarus coelestinus, Scarus coeruleus, Scarus guacamaia, Scarus taeniopterus, Scarus vetula, Sparisoma aurofrenatum, Sparisoma chrysopterum, Sparisoma rubripinne, Sparisoma viride) on three high-relief spur-and-groove reefs (Molasse...

Parrotfishes are widely considered to be important grazers on coral reefs that remove autotrophic biomass from the reef substrate and create bare space that is conducive to larval coral settlement and recruitment. Because of the top-down effects associated with their benthic foraging, this has been a major focus of parrotfish research. Another aspect of parrotfish foraging and trophic ecology that has received very little attention is coprophagy, the consumption of fecal matter. The feces of planktivorous fishes, including Chromis spp., have been identified as important sources of nutrients and trace elements to tropical and temperate reef ecosystems. Their feces are readily consumed by a variety of fishes, including parrotfishes. Although parrotfish coprophagy has been observed in prior studies, its frequency has not yet been quantified. In this study, we observed foraging in five parrotfishes on the fringing reefs of Bonaire, Netherlands: Scarus iseri, Scarus taeniopterus, Scarus vetula, Sparisoma aurofrenatum, and Sparisoma viride. For three of these species, we observed individuals of both ontogenetic phases (terminal and initial phase) to investigate ontogenetic differences in foraging. We found that coprophagy was common in four of these species (Sc. iseri, Sc. taeniopterus, Sc. vetula, and Sp. aurofrenatum), occurring in 46-90% of individuals (Sc. vetula and Sc. taeniopterus, respectively). Though we did not identify the origin of every fecal pellet consumed, we directly observed focal fishes targeting fecal pellets produced by planktivorous Chromis spp. that were often seen schooling above the reef during this feeding behavior. Additionally, most of the fecal pellets consumed by the parrotfishes were similar in appearance (i.e., relative size, shape, coloration, and consistency) to the feces produced by Chromis spp., predominantly Chromis multilineata, suggesting this common origin. However, bites on fecal matter were a relatively small proportion of the total bites taken by these species (< 5%). In contrast, a majority of bites taken by these species were taken on substrates classified as eplithic algal matrix (EAM) or crustose coralline algae (68.5-90.6% of total bites across all five species). Despite being an infrequent target of parrotfish foraging, we estimated that daily fecal C consumption is equivalent to approximately 27% of the daily algal C intake by parrotfishes targeting the major benthic foraging targets of parrotfishes (large turfs, small turfs on endolithic algae or crustose coralline algae, and crustose coralline algae) in Bonaire. The feces of plantivorous reef fishes like Chromis spp. are also likely a valuable source of nutrients to reef fishes, because the fecese of Chromis spp. has higher protein and lipid content and lower C:N and C:P than many benthic marine algae and cyanobacteria, including from the tropics. The absence of coprophagy in Sp. viride and reduced rates of coprophagy in Sc. vetula relative to the other coprophagic species could be the result of increased access to protein-rich endolithic components of the benthos. Access to endolithic components of the benthos increases with body size and the ability to excavate benthic substrate while foraging. Sparisoma viride is an important excavating parrotfish on Caribbean coral reefs, and Sc. vetula is generally larger than the other coprophagic species in our study. Future work should attempt to further quantify the contribution of fecal matter to the nutrition of parrotfishes relative to benthic foraging targets in order to provide a more complete understanding of parrotfish nutritional ecology and to elucidate the importance of coprophagy in nutrient recycling and retention on coral reefs.

Methods Data were collected across 5 fringing reef sites in Bonaire, NL: Angel City (AC; 12.10305º, -68.28852º), Aquarius (AQ; 12.09824º, -68.28624º), Bachelor’s Beach (BB; 12.12605º, -68.28819º), Invisibles (IV; 12.07805º, -68.28175º), and The Lake (TL; 12.10618º, -68.29079º) during May-July 2019.

We conducted visual censuses of initial and terminal phase parrotfish (forklength > 6 cm) along eight 100-m2 (25-m x 4-m) band transects at each site to quantify density and biomass of parrotfishes (parrotfishes.csv). We also quantified the cover of benthic functional groups using photoquadrats (n=10) placed at 1-m intervals along 10-m transects (n=4 at each site with 1 additional transect with 3 photoquadrats at AQ) running perpendicular to the reef slope at approximately 10-m depth at each site (benthic-cover.csv). In addition to quantifying the total cover of coral at these 5 sites, we also identified corals to the species level to explore differences in coral community composition across sites. Total coral cover was therefore broken down by species as well.

Finally, we conducted foraging observations of 162 unique individuals of the 5 most common parrotfishes across our 5 fringing reef sites: Scarus iseri, Scarus taeniopterus, Scarus vetula, Sparisoma aurofrenatum, and Sparisoma viride. For 3 species (Scarus taeniopterus, Scarus vetula, and Sparisoma viride), we conducted observations of both ontogenetic phases (initial and terminal phase) to investigate ontogenetic differences in foraging. During these foraging observations we video recorded parrotfish behavior and later scored videos, recording all bites taken, the target of those bites (benthic functional groups and bites on feces in the water column), and when coral was bitten, the species of coral targeted was identified (bites.csv). The standard length (cm) of every fish, the total duration of each observation (mins), the time during each video recorded observation that the fish was not visible (mins), and the final follow time (total time - lost time; mins) are also reported for each fish (follow-data.csv). The final follow time (Final.Time) is what we used for analyses of foraging rates. All fish were followed between ~1000-1600 hrs local time in Bonaire (AST, UTC/GMT -4).

Background: Life is supported by the ecology and natural resources that exist on earth. Continents and oceans are the two main natural resources that host life and ecosystems around the world. 75% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean waters that are rich in marine life. Although the oceans are vast, this does not mean that they are limitless. Population growth and development have led to an increase in the demand for marine resources. Increased demand and over-utilization of marine resources have led to strong pressures that have led to a decline in marine ecosystem services. Karimunjawa is famous for the natural beauty of its underwater coral reefs. Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach using literature and secondary data to examine the impact of parrotfish populations on coral reef sustainability. Findings: Based on current conditions, excessive catching of parrotfish has a negative impact on the sustainability of coral reefs in Karimunjawa National Park. It is necessary for local communities to understand the importance of the role of parrot fish for the sustainability of marine ecosystems. Parrotfish spend 90% of their time eating algae attached to coral reefs. Damage to the coral reef ecosystem causes coastal erosion in Karimunjawa National Park. Therefore, the role of the community in managing parrotfish resources is very necessary so as not to threaten the population for the sustainability of the marine ecosystem. Conclusion: The results of this research illustrate the role of humans, namely the community and tourists who come to Karimunjawa to carry out activities to preserve damaged coral reefs and create new coral reef areas. Novelty/Originality of this article: There are also government policies that must be considered and implemented properly for the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems and the conservation of parrotfish in Karimunjawa.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Results of the permutational ANOVA on the bacterial assemblages according to the sample type (control, predated coral and fish mouth) assessed at Ti and Tf for the mesocosm experiment. Table S2. Results of pair-wise tests on the effect of the sample type on the bacterial assemblages for the mesocosm experiment at Ti and Tf. Table S3. Average relative abundance of the families present in the fish mouths for the mesocosm experiment. Table S4. Average relative abundance of the families present in mechanically wounded corals at Ti for the mesocosm experiment. Table S5. Average relative abundance of the families present in mechanically wounded corals at Tf. Table S6. Average relative abundance of the families present in the predated corals at Ti for the mesocosm experiment. Table S7. Average relative abundance of families present in predated corals at Tf. Table S8. Results of the permutational ANOVA on the bacterial assemblages according to the sample type assessed for field experiment including or not water samples. Table S9. Results of pair-wise tests on the effect of the sample type on the bacterial assemblages for the field experiment. Table S10. Average relative abundance of the families present in the fish mouths for the field experiment. Table S11. Average relative abundance of the families present in naturally unbitten corals in the field. Table S12. Average relative abundance of families present in bitten corals for the field experiment. Table S13. Results of ANOVA and non-parametric tests of the effect of the sample type on alpha diversity metrics (Observed Richness and Shannon-Wiener Index) for the mesocosm experiment at Ti and Tf. Table S14. Results of posthoc tests assessing the effect of the sample type on alpha diversity metrics (Observed Richness and Shannon-Wiener index) for the mesocosm experiment at Ti and Tf. Table S15. Results of ANOVA and non-parametric tests on the effect of the type of sample on alpha diversity metrics (Observed Richness and Shannon-Wiener index) for the field experiment. Table S16. Results of posthoc tests on the effect of the sample type on alpha diversity metrics (Observed Richness and Shannon-Wiener index) for the field experiment. Table S17. Results from differential abundance analyses (DESeq2) on the effect of the sample type at Ti for the mesocosm experiment. Table S18. Average relative abundance of taxa present in greater differential abundance in predated corals compared to mechanically wounded corals for the mesocosm experiment at Ti and Tf. Table S19. Results from differential abundance analyses (DESeq2) on the effect of the sample type at Tf for the mesocosm experiment. Table S20. Differential abundance analysis for the field experiment according to the sampletype. Table S21. Average relative abundance of taxa present in greater differential abundance in naturally bitten corals compared to controls for the field experiment. Table S22. Results of Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions (betadisper) on the effect of the sample type in the field survey. Table S23. Results of Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersion (betadisper) on the effect of the sample type in the field survey. Table S24. filtered unprocessed sOTU table for the mesocosm experiment. Table S25. Taxa table for the negative control of the mesocosm experiment. Table S26. filtered unprocessed sOTU table for the field survey. Table S27. Taxa table for the negative control in the field survey.

Data collected from manipulative experiments conducted in the Florida Keys. Includes data on algal diversity in fish exclosure plots, reported as total number of unique macroalgal species in each plot. Coral growth data, measured over the course of 14 months. Benthic cover, calculated as the percent cover of canopy and benthos for specific algal groups, and feeding data, presented as the sum of bites taken by scarids and acnathurids of different size classes in exlcosure treatments throughout the experiment.

Species-specific projected total habitat suitability index (HSI) and HSI's change or 'anomaly' under different carbon dioxide emission levels, including (A) total HSI for the 1970 to 2000 period; and changes in HSI under scenarios of (B) ~400 ppm and (C) ~565 ppm atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in the high resolution Earth system model (GFDL CM2.6).

Species-specific projected total habitat suitability index (HSI) and HSI's change or 'anomaly' under different carbon dioxide emission levels, including (A) total HSI for the 1970 to 2000 period; and changes in HSI under scenarios of (B) ~400 ppm and (C) ~565 ppm atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in the high resolution Earth system model (GFDL CM2.6).

Animals often occupy home ranges where they conduct daily activities. In many parrotfishes, large terminal phase (TP) males defend their diurnal (i.e., daytime) home ranges as intraspecific territories occupied by harems of initial phase (IP) females. However, we know relatively little about the exclusivity and spatial stability of these territories. We investigated diurnal home range behavior in several TPs and IPs of five common Caribbean parrotfish species on the fringing coral reefs of Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands. We computed parrotfish home ranges to investigate differences in space use and then quantified spatial overlap of home ranges between spatially co-occurring TPs to investigate exclusivity. We also quantified spatial overlap of home ranges estimated from repeat tracks of a few TPs to investigate their spatial stability. We then discussed these results in the context of parrotfish social behavior. Home range sizes differed significantly among species. Spatial overlap betw..., Study species and sites We conducted our research on Scarus iseri, Scarus taeniopterus, Scarus vetula, Sparisoma aurofrenatum, and Sparisoma viride at five fringing coral reefs along the leeward coast of Bonaire during January (Winter) and May-July (Summer) 2019: Angel City (12.10305º, -68.28852º), Aquarius (12.09824º, -68.28624º), Bachelor’s Beach (12.12605º, -68.28819º), Invisibles (12.07805º, -68.28175º), and The Lake (12.10618º, -68.29079º). The fringing coral reefs of Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands have remained resilient despite multiple disturbances, and boast higher coral cover than most Caribbean coral reefs (Perry et al. 2013, Steneck et al. 2019). The abundance and biomass of different fish groups, including parrotfishes, is also much higher on Bonaire’s coral reefs compared to more heavily fished reefs in the Eastern Caribbean (Hawkins & Roberts 2003, 2004, Steneck et al. 2019). The benthic composition across our study sites was similar, with relatively high coral cover ..., See README.md file.

Fresh Parrotfish Finland market overview: suppliers, trade, and price intelligence. Review 0 premium suppliers, 0 sampled export transactions, 0 export partner companies, and 0 import partner companies with Supply Chain Intelligence company-profile and analytics context. Monitor wholesale (0) and farmgate (0) price updates for procurement and trade strategy. Data reference year: 2024. Last updated: 2026-03-24.

Parrotfishes were surveyed using two different methods:

1. the Reef Visual Census program (See Smith et al 2011 and Brandt et al 2009 and https://grunt.sefsc.noaa.gov/rvc_analysis20/ for more information about this program) has been conducting a visual survey of reef fish species throughout the Florida Keys since 1978.

2. The roving diver survey (see Adam et al 2015) was used in 2013 to collect data on parrotfishes only at several reefs in the Upper Florida Keys.

Both datasets provide information on number of parrotfishes per unit area in selected locations in the Florida Keys.

Parrotfish foraging parameters were also derived from behavioral observations of parrotfish feeding. See Adam et al 2015, 2018 for more details.

Parrotfish assemblages, reef habitat, and predatory coral reef fish data from surveys conducted on the Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia in September of 2014. The survey included 82 sites across 31 reef structures spanning six degrees of latitude. This dataset contains the main environmental parameters for the 82 sites in this study along with site names, latitudes, and longitudes. These data were published in Johnson et al. (2019).

These data describe habitat associations of juvenile parrotfish (Scaridae) encountered during systematic searches at LTER 1 and LTER 2 fringing reef and back reef sites during March 2011. At each site SCUBA divers or snorkelers identified, counted, and estimated the sizes of juvenile parrotfish and recorded the microhabitat that each individual or group of individuals was associated with on two 100 m x 10 m wide transects (n = 8 transects total). Upon encountering a juvenile or group of juveniles, the surveyor recorded the microhabitat type that fishes were first seen to be closest to. They also closely observed the behavior of fishes to see if they were utilizing a particular microhabitat as shelter, and if so this was also recorded. Several groups of fishes first observed to be grazing on hard substrate or on macroalgae quickly retreated into the nearby coral Porites rus when approached. Hence for these individuals we considered the initial habitat they were associated with (e.g., hard substrate or macroalgae) to be their primary microhabitat, but also noted that they were associated with Porites rus for shelter.

Background: An increasing number of hybrid zones with varying evolutionary outcomes have been documented from different reef fish families. In the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), four species of parrotfishes occur in sympatry on rocky reefs from Baja California to Ecuador: Scarus. compressus,S. ghobban, S. perrico, and S. rubroviolaceus; and have complex phylogeographic histories. The most divergent,S. perrico, belongs to a Tropical American clade that diverged from a Central Indo-Pacific ancestor in the late Miocene (6.6 Ma). We tested the hypothesis that S. compressuswas the result of ongoing hybridization among the other three species by sequencing four nuclear markers and a mitochondrial locus in samples spanning 2/3 of the latitudinal extent of the TEP.

Results: A structure model of all samples indicated that K=3 was the best fit to the nuclear data and that individuals identified as S. compressushad admixed assignment values (Q). Power ana...

Acoustic telemetry