The statistic displays the birth rate in India between 2009 and 2013. In 2009, the birth rate was around 19.8 births per 1,000 inhabitants, and has dropped slightly since. The fertility rate or the number of children born per woman in India can be found here.

While the standard image of the nuclear family with two parents and 2.5 children has persisted in the American imagination, the number of births in the U.S. has steadily been decreasing since 1990, with about 3.6 million babies born in 2023. In 1990, this figure was 4.16 million. Birth and replacement rates A country’s birth rate is defined as the number of live births per 1,000 inhabitants, and it is this particularly important number that has been decreasing over the past few decades. The declining birth rate is not solely an American problem, with EU member states showing comparable rates to the U.S. Additionally, each country has what is called a “replacement rate.” The replacement rate is the rate of fertility needed to keep a population stable when compared with the death rate. In the U.S., the fertility rate needed to keep the population stable is around 2.1 children per woman, but this figure was at 1.67 in 2022. Falling birth rates Currently, there is much discussion as to what exactly is causing the birth rate to decrease in the United States. There seem to be several factors in play, including longer life expectancies, financial concerns (such as the economic crisis of 2008), and an increased focus on careers, all of which are causing people to wait longer to start a family. How international governments will handle falling populations remains to be seen, but what is clear is that the declining birth rate is a multifaceted problem without an easy solution.

In 2023, about 3.66 million babies were born in the European Union, a slight decrease from the year before. In the same year, the most children born in any EU country were born in Germany. Live births are the births of children excluding stillbirths; a key figure that can provide insight to demographic analyses, such as population growth. Population growth in EuropeEurope is the continent with the second-highest life expectancy at birth and has favorable living conditions due to factors such as a stable economy, and a high quality of public health and medical care. The European Union’s population has remained securely around 450 million inhabitants, though it has been increasing slowly from 2008 to 2023.

Number and percentage of live births, by month of birth, 1991 to most recent year.

This report summarises data from the 2009 Northern Territory (NT) Midwives’ Collection. It includes population characteristics of mothers, maternal health status, antenatal information, conditions and procedures used in labour and childbirth as well as birth outcomes of all births that occurred in 2009. While the NT Midwives’ Collection contains information on both NT residents and interstate residents who gave birth in the NT, the focus of this report is NT residents who gave birth in the NT. Unless otherwise stated, the following key findings are for NT residents.

India birth rate for 2025 is 16.55, a 1.19% decline from 2024.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>India birth rate for 2024 was <strong>16.75</strong>, a <strong>3.74% increase</strong> from 2023.</li>
<li>India birth rate for 2023 was <strong>16.15</strong>, a <strong>1.16% decline</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>India birth rate for 2022 was <strong>16.34</strong>, a <strong>0.94% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
</ul>Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.

As recommended by the Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC) to ensure consistency across all HHSC agencies, in 2012 DFPS adopted the HHSC methodology on how to categorize race and ethnicity. As a result, data broken down by race and ethnicity in 2012 and after is not directly comparable to race and ethnicity data in 2011 and before.

The population totals may not match previously printed DFPS Data Books. Past population estimates are adjusted based on the U.S. Census data as it becomes available. This is important to keep the data in line with current best practices, but may cause some past counts, such as Abuse/Neglect Victims per 1,000 Texas Children, to be recalculated.

Population Data Source - Population Estimates and Projections Program, Texas State Data Center, Office of the State Demographer and the Institute for Demographic and Socioeconomic Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio.

Current population estimates and projections data as of December 2020.

Visit dfps.texas.gov for information on all DFPS programs.

The study of Indiana's Child Welfare reform was designed to identify community professionals' perceptions of the Department of Child Services (DCS) following the release of a pilot program to reform child welfare in the state of Indiana. In December, 2005, the pilot project was officially rolled out in three regions of the state. The three chosen regions of the state included 11 county agencies with both urban and rural population centers. Together these regions represented 28% of the state's CHINS (Child In Need of Service) population and 20% of the child fatalities for 2004. This study represents data collected to identify perceptions of the DCS by sending a survey to professionals in the 11 pilot and 12 comparison counties. The survey questions were arranged by categories of safety, permanency, well-being, DCS goals, the reform, team meetings, and demographics. Nine separate instruments were developed and disseminated for each community group. The community professionals surveyed included: Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASAs), foster parents, judges, Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), medical and public health professionals, schools, social service professionals, and mental health professionals. Survey instruments were tailored to each audience, with questions that were derived from the DCS "Framework for Individualized Needs-Based Child Welfare Service Provisions," which outlined the agency's core practice values and principles.

Abstract

In the early-mid 1990s, Albania entered a new phase of major changes, moving from a totalitarian to a democratic system and shifting gradually to the free market economy. This process led, naturally, to changes in various demographic and health characteristics of the Albanian society.

The 2008-09 Albania Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) is a nationally representative study aimed at collecting and providing information on population, demographic, and health characteristics of the country. Population-based studies of this magnitude are a major undertaking that provide information on important indicators which measure the progress of a country.

The ADHS results help provide the necessary information to assess, measure, and evaluate the existing programs in the country. They also provide crucial information to policy-makers when drafting new policies and strategies related to the health sector and health services in Albania.

The information collected in the 2008-09 Albania Demographic and Health Survey will be used not only by local decision-makers and programme managers, but also by partners and foreign donors involved in various development areas in Albania, as well as by academic institutions to do further analysis with the collected data.

The 2008-09 Albania Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) was implemented by the Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) and the Institute of Public Health (IPH), of the Ministry of Health. ICF Macro provided technical assistance to the ADHS through funding from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United State Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded MEASURE DHS programme. Local costs of the survey were supported by USAID, the Swiss Cooperation Office in Albania (SCO-A), UNICEF, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Data collection was conducted from 28 October, 2008 to 26 April, 2009 using a nationally representative sample of almost 9,000 households. All women age 15-49 in these households and all men age 15-49 in half of the households were eligible to be individually interviewed. In addition to the data collected through interviews with these women and men, capillary blood samples were collected from all children age 6-59 months and all eligible women and men age 15-49 for anaemia testing. All children under five years of age and eligible women and men age 15-49 were weighed and measured to assess their nutritional status. Finally, blood pressure (BP) was measured for eligible women and men in the households selected for the men’s interview to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in the adult population.

The 2008-09 ADHS is designed to provide data to monitor the population and health situation in Albania. Specifically, the 2008-09 ADHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, knowledge and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of women and young children, childhood mortality, maternal and child health, and awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. Additional features of the 2008-09 ADHS include the collection of information on migration (out-migration, returning migrants and internal migration), haemoglobin testing to detect the presence of anaemia, blood pressure (BP) measurements among the adult population, and questions related to accessibility and affordability of health services. The information collected in the 2008-09 ADHS provides updated estimates of an array of demographic and health indicators that will assist in the development of appropriate policies and programmes to address the most important health issues in Albania.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-49

Universe

All women age 15-49 in the total sample of households, and all men age 15-49 in the subsample of half of the households, who were either usual residents of the households or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The 2008-09 Albania Demographic and Health Survey is based on a representative probability sample of almost 9,000 households. This sample was selected in such a manner as to allow separate urban and rural, as well as regional-level estimates for key population and health indicators, e.g., fertility, contraceptive prevalence, and infant mortality for children under five.

The 2008-09 ADHS utilized a two-stage sample design. The first stage involved selection of a sample of primary sampling units (PSUs) from the PSUs used for the 2008 Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS). In total, 450 PSUs were selected for the ADHS sample, including 245 urban PSUs and 205 rural PSUs, covering 4 geographic domains-mountains, central, coastal, and urban Tirana. A listing of each of the selected PSUs was carried out in preparation for the LSMS. The ADHS survey selected 20 households from the updated household listing in each PSU, excluding those households selected for the LSMS. In two PSUs, numbers 27 (13 households) and 172 (17 households), there were less than 20 households in the re-listed PSU-all households were selected in those cases. In a further 6 PSUs there were less than 20 households after the LSMS households were excluded. In these PSUs some of the households from the LSMS sample were included to bring the number of households selected up to 20. After selection of the households, the sample selection forms were printed and the list of selected households was adapted for use in a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA).

All women age 15-49 in the total sample of households, and all men age 15-49 in the subsample of half of the households, who were either usual residents of the households or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed.

Note: See detailed description of sample implementation in APPENDIX A of the survey final report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three questionnaires were used for the 2008-09 ADHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Women’s Questionnaire and the Men’s Questionnaire. The content of these questionnaires was based on model questionnaires developed by the MEASURE DHS programme.

Consultations with partners were held in Tirana to obtain input from various national and international experts on a broad array of issues. Based on these consultations, the DHS model questionnaires were modified to reflect issues relevant in Albania concerning population, women and children’s health, family planning, and other health issues. After approval of the final content by the Steering and the Technical Committees, the questionnaires were translated from English into Albanian.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors in the selected households and to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. Basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including their age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. In addition, a separate listing and basic information on former household members who had emigrated abroad was collected. The Household Questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor and roof of the house, and ownership of various durable goods. A module was included to obtain information about methods used in the household for disciplining children; the information was gathered concerning one selected child in the age range 2-14 years. Finally, height and weight measurements, and the results of haemoglobin measurements for consenting women and men age 15-49 years and children age 6 to 59 months were recorded in the Household Questionnaire. The haemoglobin testing procedures are described in detail in the next section.

The Women’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on the following topics: - Background characteristics (education, residential history, media exposure, etc.); - Reproductive history; - Knowledge and use of family planning methods; - Fertility preferences; - Antenatal and delivery care; - Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices; - Vaccinations and childhood illnesses; - Marriage and sexual activity; - Woman’s work and husband’s background characteristics; - Infant and child feeding practices; - Childhood mortality; and - Awareness and behaviour about AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

The Women’s Questionnaire had a number of important additions not present in the DHS model questionnaire. First, the BP readings were taken for all women age 15-49 that lived in the households selected for the men’s survey. Secondly, a vaccination module was added for each child under the age of five years to be completed at the local health clinic or centre. As indicated by the 2005 MICS survey findings and according to child health experts, immunization information in Albania is more frequently kept at the health clinics or centres than on an immunization card or child health book in the mother’s possession. The purpose of this module was, therefore, to collect information on immunizations from the local health clinics or centres in addition to that collected during the woman’s interview. The vaccination module provides better quality immunization indicators because

In 2024, around **** million babies were born in China. The number of births has increased slightly from **** million in the previous year, but is much lower than the ***** million births recorded in 2016. Demographic development in China In 2022, the Chinese population decreased for the first time in decades, and population decline is expected to accelerate in the upcoming years. To curb the negative effects of an aging population, the Chinese government decided in 2013 to gradually relax the so called one-child-policy, which had been in effect since 1979. From 2016 onwards, parents in China were allowed to have two children in general. However, as the recent figures of births per year reveal, this policy change had only short-term effects on the general birth rate: the number of births slightly increased from 2014 onwards, but then started to fell again in 2018. In 2024, China was the second most populous country in the world, overtaken by India that year. China’s aging population The Chinese society is aging rapidly and facing a serious demographic shift towards older age groups. The median age of China’s population has increased massively from about ** years in 1970 to **** years in 2020 and is projected to rise continuously until 2080. In 2020, approximately **** percent of the Chinese were 60 years and older, a figure that is forecast to rise as high as ** percent by 2060. This shift in demographic development will increase social and elderly support expenditure of the society as a whole. One measure for this social imbalance is the old-age dependency ratio, measuring the relationship between economic dependent older age groups and the working-age population. The old-age dependency ratio in China is expected to soar to ** percent in 2060, implying that by then three working-age persons will have to support two elderly persons.

Vietnam Population: Hanoi: Number of Newly Born Babies: City: Ba Vi data was reported at 5,100.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,527.000 Person for 2016. Vietnam Population: Hanoi: Number of Newly Born Babies: City: Ba Vi data is updated yearly, averaging 4,845.000 Person from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2017, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,880.000 Person in 2012 and a record low of 3,556.000 Person in 2009. Vietnam Population: Hanoi: Number of Newly Born Babies: City: Ba Vi data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hanoi Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G008: Vital Statistics: Number of Newly Born Babies: Hanoi.

The proportion of children experiencing income deprivation. The material well-being index is a comprehensive, non-overlapping count of children living in households in receipt of both in-work and out-of-work means-tested benefits. The numerator is a simple sum of children aged 0-15 living in low-income households while the denominator is total number of children aged 0-15. Thus, the domain score for each LSOA in the CWI is the proportion of its 0-15 year old children who are living in low-income households. The indicators are summed and expressed as a rate of the total child population aged 0-15

According to the most recent data, more people died in Spain than were born in 2024, with figures reaching over 439,000 deaths versus 322,034 newborns. From 2006 to 2024, 2008 ranked as the year in which the largest number of children were born, with figures reaching over half a million newborns. The depopulation of a country The population of Spain declined for many years, a negative trend reverted from 2016 onwards, and was projected to grow by nearly two million by 2029 compared to 2024. Despite this expected increase, Spain has one of the lowest fertility rate in the European Union, with barely 1.29 children per woman according to the latest reports. During the last years, the country featured a continuous population density of approximately 94 inhabitants per square kilometer – a figure far from the European average, which stood nearly at nearly 112 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2021. Migration inflow: an essential role in the Spanish population growth One of the key points to balance out the population trend in Spain is immigration – Spain’s immigration figures finally started to pick up in 2015 after a downward trend that presumably initiated after the 2008 financial crisis, which left Spain with one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe.

Abstract

The Uganda Government is faced with the challenge of elimination of child Labour in the Country. Child Labour contributes to a violation of the rights of Children to education and protection and it is putting at risk the country's progress by limiting the potential of its workforce. The Child Labour Baseline Survey exercise was carried out in three districts of Rakai, Mbale, and Wakiso districts. Lessons learnt will help to re-design Child Labour intervention programmes for the rest of the districts. In Uganda, a child is defined as someone below the age of 18 years. Generally speaking the term child Labour refers to involvement of children in the kind of work that is not allowed for them. When measuring Statistics on Child Labour two issues are considered, i.e;

(i) Age of the child;

(ii) The productive activities in which the child is involved, the nature and conditions in which activities are performed including the time spent in the activity.

The main objective of the 2009 child labour baseline Survey was to facilitate the measurement of the levels and nature of child labour in the focus districts. More than half of the population of surveyed districts is below 15 years of age. The proportion of child headship is low in all the districts. The proportion of paid employees and self employed is highest in Wakiso and lowest in Rakai district. Agriculture is the most dominant sector in which people are engaged followed by the trade sector. The purpose of the 2009 child labour Baseline Survey was to facilitate the measurement of the levels and nature of child labour in the focus districts of Rakai, Mbale and Wakiso. The specific objectives were:

(i) To collect information on the main characteristics of working children and those of the households they live in ( i.e. their demographic composition and details by age/ sex/ ethnicity/ marital status/disability status/orphan hood/ literacy and educational status/ classification by industry occupation and status in employment/ earnings and weekly hours of work/ location of work place/ reasons for not attending school/ reasons for working/ types of unpaid household services done and weekly hours performed/ etc);

(ii) To obtain information to support the analysis of the causes and consequences of children engaged in work, including household earnings and debt, perceptions of parents/ guardians/ children, and the hazards and abuses faced by children at their work;

(iii) To obtain (through FGDs and KIIs) information on

(a) the various forms of child labour prevailing in the districts, particularly on WFCL such as CSEC, street children, children engaged for illicit activities, and forced work by children (b) the underlying forces leading to the persistence of child labour especially the impact of HIV/AIDS, poverty, adult unemployment, OVC issue, and lack of proper schooling facilities; (c) Child trafficking (v) To provide policy makers, researchers and other stakeholders with a comprehensive information and a set of indicators on child labour to guide interventions;

(vi) To act as a basis for the creation of a long -term database on child labour in Uganda.

Geographic coverage

The Child Labour Baseline Survey (2009) was carried out in the districts of Rakai, Wakiso and Mbale.

Analysis unit

The Child Labour Baseline Survey 2009 had the following units of analysis: individuals, and households.

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members aged 5 years and above resident in the household, and all children aged 5 - 17 years resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In order to achieve the objectives of the Child Labour Baseline Survey, the study targeted all households with children and communities in the focus districts. The Enumeration Areas (EAs) from the 2002 Population and Housing Census household counts were used as the sampling frame for each of the districts. Each EA was accurately and uniquely identified together with the number of households in it. Independent representative samples were selected from each of the districts using Population proportional to Size (PPS) with the number of households in the EA with children taken as a measure of size. A representative sample was selected from each of these focus districts. In order to ensure that reliable estimates are got for each district, EAs were distributed among the districts according to the measures of size. Allocation of EAs and households per district was as indicated below:

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Due to the need to have the child labour baseline survey records processed fast enough, this exercise started shortly after the commencement of fieldwork. The office editing/coding and data capture process for the survey took approximately 2 weeks. It involved double data entry which ensured that the accuracy of the captured data was checked in the second data capture routine hence increasing on its accuracy. After the data capture machine editing involving structural and consistency edits was carried out before data analysis. The data capture screen was developed using the CSPro (Census and Survey Processing) software.

Response rate

A total of 1,617 households were selected for the Child Labour Baseline Survey (CLBS) Sample. Out of these, 1,585 households were successfully interviewed, yielding a household response rate of 98 percent. A total of 4,431 children aged 5-17 years were listed from the selected households in the household schedule, of which 4,306 children successfully responded to questions about activity status. This gave a children response rate of 97.2 percent

Sampling error estimates

The CLBS 2009 was a sample survey and hence likely to be affected by sampling and non-sampling errors. The following was carrying out to minimize on errors at different stages of implementation: Using a standard child labour questionnaire adjusted to national requirements; Ensuring effective supervision during data collection and use of experienced interviewers; Supervising experienced staff used in the data capture process in addition to carrying out double data entry; Drawing the sample from complete frame of EAs with their corresponding number of households ( as distributed by district); Carrying on edits on the captured data before data analysis.

Annex 3 of the final report presents the standard errors, CVs and confidence intervals for selected indicators.

This report was released in September 2010. However, recent demographic data is available on the datastore - you may find other datasets on the Datastore useful such as: GLA Population Projections, National Insurance Number Registrations of Overseas Nationals, Births by Birthplace of Mother, Births and Fertility Rates, Office for National Statistics (ONS) Population Estimates

FOCUSONLONDON2010:POPULATIONANDMIGRATION

London is the United Kingdom’s only city region. Its population of 7.75 million is 12.5 per cent of the UK population living on just 0.6 per cent of the land area. London’s average population density is over 4,900 persons per square kilometre, this is ten times that of the second most densely populated region.

Between 2001 and 2009 London’s population grew by over 430 thousand, more than any other region, accounting for over 16 per cent of the UK increase.

This report discusses in detail the population of London including Population Age Structure, Fertility and Mortality, Internal Migration, International Migration, Population Turnover and Churn, and Demographic Projections.

Population and Migration report is the first release of the Focus on London 2010-12 series. Reports on themes such as Income, Poverty, Labour Market, Skills, Health, and Housing are also available.

PRESENTATION:

To access an interactive presentation about population changes in London click the link to see it on Prezi.com

FACTS:

• Top five boroughs for babies born per 10,000 population in 2008-09:
• 1. Newham – 244.4
• 2. Barking and Dagenham – 209.3
• 3. Hackney – 205.7
• 4. Waltham Forest – 202.7
• 5. Greenwich – 196.2
• ...
• 32. Havering – 116.8
• 33. City of London – 47.0
• In 2009, Barnet overtook Croydon as the most populous London borough. Prior to this Croydon had been the largest since 1966
• Population per hectare of land used for Domestic building and gardens is highest in Tower Hamlets
• In 2008-09, natural change (births minus deaths) led to 78,000 more Londoners compared with only 8,000 due to migration. read more about this or click play on the chart below to reveal how regional components of populations change have altered over time.

The Crime Domain represents a measure of personal or material victimisation. Due to lack of available data on the impact of crime on children, the Crime Domain uses overall police recorded crime data relating to four major volume crime types that have major effects on individuals and communities. In order to provide a child focus to the domain, each of the four component indicators has been weighted according to the proportion of the at-risk population that is aged 0-15. Source: Communities and Local Government (CLG) Publisher: Communities and Local Government (CLG) Geographies: Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA), Local Authority District (LAD), County/Unitary Authority Geographic coverage: England Time coverage: 2009 Type of data: Administrative data

The second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), conducted in 1998-99, provides information on fertility, mortality, family planning, and important aspects of nutrition, health, and health care. The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) coordinated the survey, which collected information from a nationally representative sample of more than 90,000 ever-married women age 15-49. The NFHS-2 sample covers 99 percent of India's population living in all 26 states. This report is based on the survey data for 25 of the 26 states, however, since data collection in Tripura was delayed due to local problems in the state. IIPS also coordinated the first National Family Health Survey (NFHS-1) in 1992-93. Most of the types of information collected in NFHS-2 were also collected in the earlier survey, making it possible to identify trends over the intervening period of six and one-half years. In addition, the NFHS-2 questionnaire covered a number of new or expanded topics with important policy implications, such as reproductive health, women's autonomy, domestic violence, women's nutrition, anaemia, and salt iodization. The NFHS-2 survey was carried out in two phases. Ten states were surveyed in the first phase which began in November 1998 and the remaining states (except Tripura) were surveyed in the second phase which began in March 1999. The field staff collected information from 91,196 households in these 25 states and interviewed 89,199 eligible women in these households. In addition, the survey collected information on 32,393 children born in the three years preceding the survey. One health investigator on each survey team measured the height and weight of eligible women and children and took blood samples to assess the prevalence of anaemia. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS Three-quarters (73 percent) of the population lives in rural areas. The age distribution is typical of populations that have recently experienced a fertility decline, with relatively low proportions in the younger and older age groups. Thirty-six percent of the population is below age 15, and 5 percent is age 65 and above. The sex ratio is 957 females for every 1,000 males in rural areas but only 928 females for every 1,000 males in urban areas, suggesting that more men than women have migrated to urban areas. The survey provides a variety of demographic and socioeconomic background information. In the country as a whole, 82 percent of household heads are Hindu, 12 percent are Muslim, 3 percent are Christian, and 2 percent are Sikh. Muslims live disproportionately in urban areas, where they comprise 15 percent of household heads. Nineteen percent of household heads belong to scheduled castes, 9 percent belong to scheduled tribes, and 32 percent belong to other backward classes (OBCs). Two-fifths of household heads do not belong to any of these groups. Questions about housing conditions and the standard of living of households indicate some improvements since the time of NFHS-1. Sixty percent of households in India now have electricity and 39 percent have piped drinking water compared with 51 percent and 33 percent, respectively, at the time of NFHS-1. Sixty-four percent of households have no toilet facility compared with 70 percent at the time of NFHS-1. About three-fourths (75 percent) of males and half (51 percent) of females age six and above are literate, an increase of 6-8 percentage points from literacy rates at the time of NFHS-1. The percentage of illiterate males varies from 6-7 percent in Mizoram and Kerala to 37 percent in Bihar and the percentage of illiterate females varies from 11 percent in Mizoram and 15 percent in Kerala to 65 percent in Bihar. Seventy-nine percent of children age 6-14 are attending school, up from 68 percent in NFHS-1. The proportion of children attending school has increased for all ages, particularly for girls, but girls continue to lag behind boys in school attendance. Moreover, the disparity in school attendance by sex grows with increasing age of children. At age 6-10, 85 percent of boys attend school compared with 78 percent of girls. By age 15-17, 58 percent of boys attend school compared with 40 percent of girls. The percentage of girls 6-17 attending school varies from 51 percent in Bihar and 56 percent in Rajasthan to over 90 percent in Himachal Pradesh and Kerala. Women in India tend to marry at an early age. Thirty-four percent of women age 15-19 are already married including 4 percent who are married but gauna has yet to be performed. These proportions are even higher in the rural areas. Older women are more likely than younger women to have married at an early age: 39 percent of women currently age 45-49 married before age 15 compared with 14 percent of women currently age 15-19. Although this indicates that the proportion of women who marry young is declining rapidly, half the women even in the age group 20-24 have married before reaching the legal minimum age of 18 years. On average, women are five years younger than the men they marry. The median age at marriage varies from about 15 years in Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh to 23 years in Goa. As part of an increasing emphasis on gender issues, NFHS-2 asked women about their participation in household decisionmaking. In India, 91 percent of women are involved in decision-making on at least one of four selected topics. A much lower proportion (52 percent), however, are involved in making decisions about their own health care. There are large variations among states in India with regard to women's involvement in household decisionmaking. More than three out of four women are involved in decisions about their own health care in Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Punjab compared with about two out of five or less in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Rajasthan. Thirty-nine percent of women do work other than housework, and more than two-thirds of these women work for cash. Only 41 percent of women who earn cash can decide independently how to spend the money that they earn. Forty-three percent of working women report that their earnings constitute at least half of total family earnings, including 18 percent who report that the family is entirely dependent on their earnings. Women's work-participation rates vary from 9 percent in Punjab and 13 percent in Haryana to 60-70 percent in Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh. FERTILITY AND FAMILY PLANNING Fertility continues to decline in India. At current fertility levels, women will have an average of 2.9 children each throughout their childbearing years. The total fertility rate (TFR) is down from 3.4 children per woman at the time of NFHS-1, but is still well above the replacement level of just over two children per woman. There are large variations in fertility among the states in India. Goa and Kerala have attained below replacement level fertility and Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab are at or close to replacement level fertility. By contrast, fertility is 3.3 or more children per woman in Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Nagaland, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh. More than one-third to less than half of all births in these latter states are fourth or higher-order births compared with 7-9 percent of births in Kerala, Goa, and Tamil Nadu. Efforts to encourage the trend towards lower fertility might usefully focus on groups within the population that have higher fertility than average. In India, rural women and women from scheduled tribes and scheduled castes have somewhat higher fertility than other women, but fertility is particularly high for illiterate women, poor women, and Muslim women. Another striking feature is the high level of childbearing among young women. More than half of women age 20-49 had their first birth before reaching age 20, and women age 15-19 account for almost one-fifth of total fertility. Studies in India and elsewhere have shown that health and mortality risks increase when women give birth at such young ages?both for the women themselves and for their children. Family planning programmes focusing on women in this age group could make a significant impact on maternal and child health and help to reduce fertility. INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY NFHS-2 provides estimates of infant and child mortality and examines factors associated with the survival of young children. During the five years preceding the survey, the infant mortality rate was 68 deaths at age 0-11 months per 1,000 live births, substantially lower than 79 per 1,000 in the five years preceding the NFHS-1 survey. The child mortality rate, 29 deaths at age 1-4 years per 1,000 children reaching age one, also declined from the corresponding rate of 33 per 1,000 in NFHS-1. Ninety-five children out of 1,000 born do not live to age five years. Expressed differently, 1 in 15 children die in the first year of life, and 1 in 11 die before reaching age five. Child-survival programmes might usefully focus on specific groups of children with particularly high infant and child mortality rates, such as children who live in rural areas, children whose mothers are illiterate, children belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes, and children from poor households. Infant mortality rates are more than two and one-half times as high for women who did not receive any of the recommended types of maternity related medical care than for mothers who did receive all recommended types of care. HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, AND NUTRITION Promotion of maternal and child health has been one of the most important components of the Family Welfare Programme of the Government of India. One goal is for each pregnant woman to receive at least three antenatal check-ups plus two tetanus toxoid injections and a full course of iron and folic acid supplementation. In India, mothers of 65 percent of the children born in the three years preceding NFHS-2 received at least one antenatal

Long time series of Vienna’s population history from 1700 to 1999.

With this study the author A. Weigl submits the first detailed report on the population history of Vienna over the period from the late mediaevial time until the 20th century.

The author documents by means of the development of migration, reproduction and mortality the process of Vienna’s population history. Important influencing factors as for excample food pattern, plagues and epidemics, medical advance, the change of mentalities and influences by demographic policies are discussed in detail. The significant role of modenization-processes is in the focus of the publication.

By means of numerous long time series data the pecesses are documented empirically.

Content of the Study: - Demographic Change and Modernization - Main Features of Vienna’s Population Development - Migration: The Impetus for an Increasing Town - Mortality: From Town Refurbishment to Municipal Welfare Policy - Fertility: The Genesis of the Modern Family - The Common Modernizationcontext of Transition

List of Data-Tables in the GESIS-ZA-Online-Database HISTAT:

A. Population Development of Vienna

A.01 Population (1200-1999) A.02 Population Development by Territory as of Today (1590-1999) A.03 Regional Population Development (1700-1991) A.04 Population Movement (1869-1991) A.05 Agestructure (1856-1991) A.06 Population Development of the City, the suburbs and the periphery (1777-1857) A.07 Population by Urban Districts by Territory as of Today (1777-1991) A.08 Population by Urban Districts (1869-1939) A.09 Native Birth of the Population (1856-1934) A.10 Natural Population Movement (1707-1999) A.11 Proportion of Persons Younger than 14 Years by Urban Districts (1869-1939) A.12 Proportion of Persons in the Age of 60 and older by Urban Districts (1869-1939) A.13 Population and Birth Rates by Religious Denomination (1856-1939)

B. Migration

B.01 Ratios of Mobility-Transition (1710-1991) B.02 Acceptation of new Members into the Homeland Association (Naturalizations) (1919-1938)

C. Mortality

C.01 Age specific Mortality-Rates of Vienna (1856-1939) C.02 Age standardized Morality-Rates by Sex and by Causes of Death (1910-1935) C.03 Cholera-Mortality by Urnab Districts (1831-1873) C.04 Variola-Mortality (1728-1938) C.05 Average Life Expectancy (1830-1998) C.06a Age-Specific Mortality: Mortality Rates (1650-1999) C.06b Age-Specific Mortality: Agestructure of the Deceased (1650-1999) C.07a Infant Mortality (1728-1999) C.07b Infant Mortality Rate by Territory as of Today (1871-1938) C.08 Mortality Rates by Urban Districts (1871-1938) C.09 Infant Mortality by Urban Districts (1885-1911) C.10 Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Mortality by Urban Districts (1871-1938)

D. Fertiliy

D.01 General Fertility-Rate of Vienna (1856-1939) D.02 Fertility-Rate (1754-1999) D.03 Fertility-Indizes by Metropolitan Comparison (1910-1960) D.04 Illegitimacy-Rates (1797-1999) D.05 Marriage Rate, Birthrate and Deathrate (1706-1938) D.06 Marriage-, Mortality- and Infant Mortality Rate by Territory as of Today (1871-1938) D.07 Birth Rate by Urban Districts (1783-1938)

E. Housholds

E.01 Average Householdsize (1780-1991)

Abstract

The principal objective of the 2009-10 Timor-Leste Demographic and Health Survey (TLDHS) was to provide current and reliable data on fertility and family planning behavior, child mortality, adult and maternal mortality, child nutritional status, the utilization of maternal and child health services, and knowledge of HIV/AIDS.

The specific objectives of the survey were to: - collect data at the national level that will allow the calculation of key demographic rates; - analyze the direct and indirect factors that determine the levels and trends in fertility; - measure the level of contraceptive knowledge among women and men, and measure the level of practice among women by method, according to urban or rural residence; - collect quality data on family health, including immunization coverage among children, prevalence and treatment of diarrhea and other diseases among children under age 5, and maternity care indicators, including antenatal visits, assistance at delivery, and postnatal care; - collect data on infant and child mortality and on maternal and adult mortality; - obtain data on child feeding practices, including breastfeeding, and collect anthropometric measures to use in assessing the nutritional status of women and children; - collect information on knowledge of tuberculosis (TB), knowledge of the spread of TB, and attitudes towards people infected with TB among women and men; - collect data on use of treated and untreated mosquito nets, persons who sleep under the nets, use of drugs for malaria during pregnancy, and use of antimalarial drugs fortreatment of fever among children under age 5; - collect data on knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, and evaluate patterns of recent behavior regarding condom use; - collect information on the sexual practices of women and men; their number of sexual partners in the past 12 months, and over their lifetime; risky sexual behavior, including condom use at last sexual intercourse; and payment for sex; - conduct hemoglobin testing on women age 15-49 and children age 6-59 months in a subsample of households selected for the survey to provide information on the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age and young children; - collect information on domestic violence

This information is essential for informed policy decisions, planning, monitoring, and evaluation of programs on health in general, and on reproductive health in particular, at both the national and district levels. A long-term objective of the survey is to strengthen the technical capacity of government organizations to plan, conduct, process, and analyze data from complex national population and health surveys. Moreover, the 2009-10 TLDHS provides national and district-level estimates on population and health that are comparable to data collected in similar surveys in other developing countries. The first Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Timor-Leste was done in 2003. Unlike the 2003 DHS, however, the 2009-10 TLDHS was conducted under the worldwide MEASURE DHS program, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and with technical assistance provided by ICF Macro. Data from the 2009-10 TLDHS allow for comparison of information gathered over a longer period of time and add to the vast and growing international database on demographic and health variables.

The 2009-10 TLDHS supplements and complements the information collected through the censuses, updates the available information on population and health issues, and provides guidance in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating Timor-Leste's health programs. Further, the results of the survey assist in monitoring the progress made towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other international initiatives.

The 2009-10 TLDHS includes topics related to fertility levels and determinants; family planning; fertility preferences; infant, child, adult and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; nutrition; malaria; domestic violence; knowledge of HIV/AIDS and women's empowerment. The 2009-10 TLDHS for the first time also includes anemia testing among women age 15-49 and children age 6-59 months. As well as providing national estimates, the survey also provides disaggregated data at the level of various domains such as administrative district, as well as for urban and rural areas. This being the third survey of its kind in the country (after the 2002 MICS and the 2003 DHS), there is considerable trend information on demographic and reproductive health indicators.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-49

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The primary focus of the 2009-10 TLDHS was to provide estimates of key population and health indicators, including fertility and mortality rates, for the country as a whole and for urban and rural areas separately. In addition, the sample was designed to provide estimates of most key variables for the 13 districts.

Sampling Frame

The TLDHS used the sampling frame provided by the list of census enumeration areas (EAs) with population and household information from the 2004 Population and Housing Census (PHC). Administratively, Timor-Leste is divided into 13 districts. Stratification is achieved by separating each of the 13 districts into urban and rural areas. In total, 26 sampling strata were created. Samples were selected independently in every stratum, through a two-stage selection process. Implicit stratification was achieved at each of the lower administrative levels by sorting the sampling frame before sample selection, both according to administrative units and also by using a probability proportional-to-size selection at the first stage of sampling. The implicit stratification also allowed for the proportional allocation of sample points at each of the lower administrative levels.

Sample Selection

At the first stage of sampling, 455 enumeration areas (116 urban areas and 339 rural areas) were selected with probability proportional to the EA size, which is the number of households residing in the EA at the time of the census. A complete household listing operation in all of the selected EAs is the usual procedure to provide a sampling frame for the second-stage selection of households. However, a complete household listing was only carried out in select clusters in Dili, Ermera, and Viqueque, where more than 20 percent of the households had been destroyed. In all other clusters, a complete household listing was not possible because the country does not have written boundary maps for clusters. Instead, using the GPS coordinate locations for structures in each selected cluster as provided for by the 2004 PHC, households were randomly selected using their Geographic Information System (GIS) location identification in the central office. A map for each cluster was then generated, marking the households to be surveyed with their location identification. The maps also contained all the other households, roads, rivers, and major landmarks for easier location of selected households in the field. To provide statistically reliable estimates of key demographic and health variables and to cater for nonresponse, 27 households each were selected.

The survey was designed to cover a nationally representative sample of 12,285 residential households, taking into account nonresponse; to obtain completed interviews of 11,800 women age 15-49 in every selected household; and to obtain completed interviews of 3,800 men age 15-49 in every third selected household.

Note: See detailed description of the sample design in Appendix A of the report presented in this documentation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Three questionnaires were administered in the TLDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, and the Man’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were adapted from the standard MEASURE DHS core questionnaires to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Timor-Leste based on a series of meetings with various stakeholders from government ministries and agencies, NGOs, and international donors. The final draft of each questionnaire was discussed at a questionnaire design workshop organized by NSD on March 10, 2009, in Dili. These questionnaires were then translated and back translated from English into the two main local languages-Tetum and Bahasa—and pretested prior to the main fieldwork to ensure that the original meanings of the questions were not lost in translation.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors in the selected households. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. For children under age 18, survival status of the parents was determined. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. The Household Questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, ownership of various durable goods, and ownership of mosquito nets. Additionally, the Household Questionnaire was used to record height and weight measurements for women age 15-49 and children under age 5, and to list hemoglobin measurements for women age 15-49 and children age 6-59 months.

The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from women age 15-49.

Note: During the final production stage of the National Child Measurement Programme: England, 2008/09 school year released on Thursday 10 December 2009 a technical issue occurred with Table 2: Prevalence of underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese children, with associated 95 per cent confidence intervals, by PCT and SHA, England, 2008/09. Figures about the percentage of the child population measured per trust, for both reception and year six children were incorrect, along with upper 95 per cent confidence intervals relating to Year 6 obese children. Figures relating to the proportion of children in each trust who are underweight, a healthy weight, overweight or obese were not affected. National data and all other tables were also unaffected by this issue. These have now been corrected in both the Annex to the main report and the accompanying excel tables. At the same time some further clarifications have been made to footnotes for Table 5 to clarify that this is based on the postcode of the school the child attended, and to rectify a problem with the Data Quality report which had resulted in the omission of certain Primary Care Trusts. The NHS Information Centre apologises for any inconvenience caused. Additionally, as a result of detailed validations carried out during production of the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) national dataset for Public Health Observatories (PHOs) in January 2011, a local issue affecting the published prevalence rates in Redbridge Primary Care Trust (PCT) (5NA) and Redbridge Local Authority (LA) (00BC) in 2008/09 and 2009/10 has been detected. Due to the localised and relatively minor nature of the issue, neither the affected NCMP reports nor the accompanying Excel tables available on the website will be amended as a result of this issue. The underlying NCMP datasets made available for further analysis via PHOs, the National Obesity Observatory and UK Data Archive have been amended and so will differ slightly from published data. Please see the NCMP Issue Notification document available for download above for further information. Summary: This report summarises the key findings from the Government's National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) for England, 2008/09 school year. The report provides high-level analysis of the prevalence of 'underweight', 'healthy weight', 'overweight' and 'obese' children, in Reception (aged 4-5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10-11 years), measured in state schools in England in the school year 2008/09. The report contains comparisons with 2007/08 and where appropriate comparisons have also been made with 2006/07 results. This report presents the headline findings for the 2008/09 NCMP. The National Obesity Observatory (NOO) will produce additional analysis in 2010 (expected publication date 30 April 2010), and the anonymised national dataset will be made available to Public Health Observatories (PHOs) to allow regional and local analysis of the data. In addition, NOO will also be presenting NCMP data in an e-Atlas - an interactive mapping tool that enables the user to compare a range of indicators and examine correlations and allows regional and national comparisons. 'Look up past and present NCMP results in the data visualisation tool.