This dataset identifies areas where the addition of new ponds would benefit Great Crested Newt populations.

The core areas contain a pond density of 2+ ponds and are located within a 1km square where great crested newt presence has been predicted.

Fringe areas contain a pond density of 1 and are located within a 1km square where great crested newt presence has been predicted or are within a 250m of a Core Area.

Higher scores are associated with darker colouration and represent a greater presence of suitable habitat features:

grassland density 10 - 50% woodland density 10 - 60% Distance from rivers <1500m Shannon Weaver Diversity -1.5 to -0.6 These suitable habitat features have been given a score of ‘1’.

Arable land (density 50 - 100%) has been given a score of ‘-1’.

Urban areas greater than 2ha (+400m buffer), roads (7.5m), rivers (7.5m) and Environment Agency Flood Zone 2 have been excluded. © Natural England [Year], reproduced with the permission of Natural England, http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/copyright/. © Crown Copyright and database rights [Year]. Ordnance Survey licence number 100022021.

Understanding Society (the UK Household Longitudinal Study), which began in 2009, is conducted by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Essex, and the survey research organisations Verian Group (formerly Kantar Public) and NatCen. It builds on and incorporates, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which began in 1991.

Understanding Society (the UK Household Longitudinal Study), which began in 2009, is conducted by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Essex, and the survey research organisations Kantar Public and NatCen. It builds on and incorporates, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which began in 1991.

In Wave 5 adult respondents who finished higher education in 1995 or after at a UK institution were asked about the higher education establishment that they attended. This dataset contains the higher education institution identifiers for up to four higher education establishments per respondent.

In Wave 11 the data was re-gathered on the same basis. As well as the higher education institution identifiers the ukprn of the establishment has also been released. Users of the Wave 11 file should be aware that approximately 2,000 respondents that didn’t give consent to a linkage consent question were incorrectly not asked for their establishment identifiers.

In Wave 12 the respondents affected by the incorrect data collection in Wave 11 were asked the same questions again and data was also collected of newly eligible survey members.

For full details of this dataset including explanations of the issues at Wave 11 and how they were corrected at Wave 12 please refer to the High Education user guide.

The details in this dataset can be linked to the main Understanding Society datasets SN 6614 (end user licence), SN 6931 (special licence) and SN 6676 (secure access) using the crosswave personal identifier pidp. The institution identifiers in the data files can be used to link to publicly available datasets published by HESA and elsewhere.

Latest Edition Information

For the 5th edition (November 2024), Wave 14 data has been added and the User Guide updated.

Abstract

In 2001, the World Bank in co-operation with the Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics (RSIS), the Federal Institute of Statistics (FOS) and the Agency for Statistics of BiH (BHAS), carried out a Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS). The Living Standard Measurement Survey LSMS, in addition to collecting the information necessary to obtain a comprehensive as possible measure of the basic dimensions of household living standards, has three basic objectives, as follows:

1. To provide the public sector, government, the business community, scientific institutions, international donor organizations and social organizations with information on different indicators of the population's living conditions, as well as on available resources for satisfying basic needs.

2. To provide information for the evaluation of the results of different forms of government policy and programs developed with the aim to improve the population's living standard. The survey will enable the analysis of the relations between and among different aspects of living standards (housing, consumption, education, health, labor) at a given time, as well as within a household.

3. To provide key contributions for development of government's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, based on analyzed data.

The Department for International Development, UK (DFID) contributed funding to the LSMS and provided funding for a further two years of data collection for a panel survey, known as the Household Survey Panel Series (HSPS). Birks Sinclair & Associates Ltd. were responsible for the management of the HSPS with technical advice and support provided by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex, UK. The panel survey provides longitudinal data through re-interviewing approximately half the LSMS respondents for two years following the LSMS, in the autumn of 2002 and 2003. The LSMS constitutes Wave 1 of the panel survey so there are three years of panel data available for analysis. For the purposes of this documentation we are using the following convention to describe the different rounds of the panel survey: - Wave 1 LSMS conducted in 2001 forms the baseline survey for the panel - Wave 2 Second interview of 50% of LSMS respondents in Autumn/ Winter 2002 - Wave 3 Third interview with sub-sample respondents in Autumn/ Winter 2003

The panel data allows the analysis of key transitions and events over this period such as labour market or geographical mobility and observe the consequent outcomes for the well-being of individuals and households in the survey. The panel data provides information on income and labour market dynamics within FBiH and RS. A key policy area is developing strategies for the reduction of poverty within FBiH and RS. The panel will provide information on the extent to which continuous poverty is experienced by different types of households and individuals over the three year period. And most importantly, the co-variates associated with moves into and out of poverty and the relative risks of poverty for different people can be assessed. As such, the panel aims to provide data, which will inform the policy debates within FBiH and RS at a time of social reform and rapid change. KIND OF DATA

Geographic coverage

National coverage. Domains: Urban/rural/mixed; Federation; Republic

Analysis unit

Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Wave 3 sample consisted of 2878 households who had been interviewed at Wave 2 and a further 73 households who were interviewed at Wave 1 but were non-contact at Wave 2 were issued. A total of 2951 households (1301 in the RS and 1650 in FBiH) were issued for Wave 3. As at Wave 2, the sample could not be replaced with any other households.

Panel design

Eligibility for inclusion

The household and household membership definitions are the same standard definitions as a Wave 2. While the sample membership status and eligibility for interview are as follows: i) All members of households interviewed at Wave 2 have been designated as original sample members (OSMs). OSMs include children within households even if they are too young for interview. ii) Any new members joining a household containing at least one OSM, are eligible for inclusion and are designated as new sample members (NSMs). iii) At each wave, all OSMs and NSMs are eligible for inclusion, apart from those who move outof-scope (see discussion below). iv) All household members aged 15 or over are eligible for interview, including OSMs and NSMs.

Following rules

The panel design means that sample members who move from their previous wave address must be traced and followed to their new address for interview. In some cases the whole household will move together but in others an individual member may move away from their previous wave household and form a new split-off household of their own. All sample members, OSMs and NSMs, are followed at each wave and an interview attempted. This method has the benefit of maintaining the maximum number of respondents within the panel and being relatively straightforward to implement in the field.

Definition of 'out-of-scope'

It is important to maintain movers within the sample to maintain sample sizes and reduce attrition and also for substantive research on patterns of geographical mobility and migration. The rules for determining when a respondent is 'out-of-scope' are as follows:

i. Movers out of the country altogether i.e. outside FBiH and RS. This category of mover is clear. Sample members moving to another country outside FBiH and RS will be out-of-scope for that year of the survey and not eligible for interview.

ii. Movers between entities Respondents moving between entities are followed for interview. The personal details of the respondent are passed between the statistical institutes and a new interviewer assigned in that entity.

iii. Movers into institutions Although institutional addresses were not included in the original LSMS sample, Wave 3 individuals who have subsequently moved into some institutions are followed. The definitions for which institutions are included are found in the Supervisor Instructions.

iv. Movers into the district of Brcko are followed for interview. When coding entity Brcko is treated as the entity from which the household who moved into Brcko originated.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Data entry

As at Wave 2 CSPro was the chosen data entry software. The CSPro program consists of two main features to reduce to number of keying errors and to reduce the editing required following data entry: - Data entry screens that included all skip patterns. - Range checks for each question (allowing three exceptions for inappropriate, don't know and missing codes). The Wave 3 data entry program had more checks than at Wave 2 and DE staff were instructed to get all anomalies cleared by SIG fieldwork. The program was extensively tested prior to DE. Ten computer staff were employed in each Field Office and as all had worked on Wave 2 training was not undertaken.

Editing

Editing Instructions were compiled (Annex G) and sent to Supervisors. For Wave 3 Supervisors were asked to take more time to edit every questionnaire returned by their interviewers. The FBTSA examined the work twelve of the twenty-two Supervisors. All Supervisors made occasional errors with the Control Form so a further 100% check of Control Forms and Module 1 was undertaken by the FBTSA and SIG members.

Response rate

The panel survey has enjoyed high response rates throughout the three years of data collection with the wave 3 response rates being slightly higher than those achieved at wave 2. At wave 3, 1650 households in the FBiH and 1300 households in the RS were issued for interview. Since there may be new households created from split-off movers it is possible for the number of households to increase during fieldwork. A similar number of new households were formed in each entity; 62 in the FBiH and 63 in the RS. This means that 3073 households were identified during fieldwork. Of these, 3003 were eligible for interview, 70 households having either moved out of BiH, institutionalised or deceased (34 in the RS and 36 in the FBiH).

Interviews were achieved in 96% of eligible households, an extremely high response rate by international standards for a survey of this type.

In total, 8712 individuals (including children) were enumerated within the sample households (4796 in the FBiH and 3916 in the RS). Within in the 3003 eligible households, 7781 individuals aged 15 or over were eligible for interview with 7346 (94.4%) being successfully interviewed. Within cooperating households (where there was at least one interview) the interview rate was higher (98.8%).

A very important measure in longitudinal surveys is the annual individual re-interview rate. This is because a high attrition rate, where large numbers of respondents drop out of the survey over time, can call into question the quality of the data collected. In BiH the individual re-interview rates have been high for the survey. The individual re-interview rate is the proportion of people who gave an interview at time t-1 who also give an interview at t. Of those who gave a full interview at wave 2, 6653 also gave a full interview at wave 3. This represents a re-interview rate of 97.9% - which is extremely high by international standards. When we look at those respondents who have been interviewed at all three years of the survey there are 6409 cases which are available for longitudinal analysis, 2881 in the RS and 3528 in the FBiH. This represents 82.8% of the responding wave 1 sample, a

Dette datasæt identificerer områder, hvor tilføjelsen af nye damme vil være til gavn for populationerne af Great Crested Newt. De centrale områder indeholder en dam tæthed på 2 + damme og er placeret inden for en 1 km firkant, hvor stor crested newt tilstedeværelse er blevet forudsagt. Fringe områder indeholder en dam tæthed på 1 og er placeret inden for en 1 km firkant, hvor stor crested newt tilstedeværelse er blevet forudsagt eller er inden for en 250m af et kerneområde.

Højere scorer er forbundet med mørkere farve og repræsenterer en større tilstedeværelse af egnede habitatfunktioner:

græsningstæthed 10 - 50 % skovtæthed 10 - 60% Afstand fra floder <1500m Shannon Weaver Mangfoldighed -1,5 til -0,6 Disse egnede naturtyper har fået en score på "1".

Agerjord (tæthed 50-100 %) har fået en score på "-1". Byområder større end 2 ha (+ 400 m buffer), veje (7,5 m), floder (7,5 m) og Miljøagenturets oversvømmelseszone 2 er blevet udelukket. Attribution statement (tilskrivningserklæring): © Natural England, 2022 Baseret på LCM2015 © NERC (CEH) 2011. Indeholder Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright 2007. Baseret på LCM2015 © NERC (CEH) 2017. Indeholder Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright 2007, Licensnummer 100017572. Data om jordbunden © Cranfield University (NSRI) og for den dataansvarlige for HMSO 2019. Baseret på LCM2007 © NERC (CEH) 2011. Indeholder Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright 2007. © tredjeparts licensgivere. Indeholder eller er afledt af oplysninger fra Ordnance Survey and Rural Payments Agency. © Crown ophavsret og databaserettigheder 2019. © Freshwater Habitats Trust, PondNet overvågningsordning, 2018

© Essex Recorders partnerskab, 2018 Indeholder data leveret af: Essex County Council © Essex County Council 2019 Ordnance Survey 100019602; Basildon Borough Council © Basildon Borough Council 2019 Ordnance Survey 100018871; Braintree distriktsråd © Braintree distriktsråd 2019, Ordnance Survey 100018490;Brentwood Borough Council © Brentwood Borough Council 2019; Hoteller i nærheden af Castle Point Borough Council © Castle Point Borough Council 2019 Chelmsford byråd © Chelmsford byråd 2019, Ordnance Survey 100023562; Colchester Borough Council © Colchester Borough Council 2019, Ordnance Survey 100023706;Epping Forest District Council © Epping Forest District Council 2019, Ordnance Survey 100018534; Harlow Council © Harlow Council 2019, Ordnance Survey 100019627; Maldon District Council © Maldon District Council 2019, Ordnance Survey 100018599; Rochford District Council © Rochford District Council 2019, Ordnance Survey 100018109; Tendring distriktsråd © Tendring distriktsråd 2019, Ordnance Survey 100018684;Thurrock Council © Thurrock Council 2019, Ordnance Survey 100025457; Uttlesford District Council © Uttlesford District Council 2019, Ordnance Survey 100018688. © Miljøagenturets ophavsret og/eller databaseret 2018. Alle rettigheder forbeholdes. Nogle funktioner i dette kort er baseret på digitale geodata fra Center for Økologi og Hydrologi, © NERC (CEH). © Crown ophavsret og databaserettigheder 2018 Ordnance Survey 100024198.

Indeholder eller er afledt af oplysninger fra Ordnance Survey. © Crown ophavsret og databaserettigheder 2020 Ordnance Survey 100022021.

Indeholder Ordnance Survey data © Crown ophavsret og database ret, 2020

The dataset comprises of percentage plant cover by species observed by eye in a 1metre (m) x 1m quadrat. Measurements were recorded at six salt marsh sites at four spatial scales: 1 metre (m) (the minimal sampling unit) nested within a hierarchy of increasing scales of 1-10 m, 10-100 m and 100-1000 m. Three of the sites were in Morecambe Bay, North West England and three of the sites were in Essex, South East England. Plant cover was measured during the winter and summer of 2013 for all six sites. This data was collected as part of Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS): NE/J015644/1. The project was funded with support from the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. BESS is a six-year programme (2011-2017) funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as part of the UK's Living with Environmental Change (LWEC) programme.