This dataset corresponds to paper titled "A Mathematical Model for COVID-19 Considering Waning Immunity, Vaccination and Control Measures". In this work we define a modified SEIR model that accounts for the spread of infection during the latent period, infections from asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic infected individuals, potential loss of acquired immunity, people’s increasing awareness of social distancing and the use of vaccination as well as non-pharmaceutical interventions like social confinement. We estimate model parameters in three different scenarios - in Italy, where there is a growing number of cases and re-emergence of the epidemic, in India, where there are significant number of cases post confinement period and in Victoria, Australia where a re-emergence has been controlled with severe social confinement program. Our result shows the benefit of long term confinement of 50% or above population and extensive testing. With respect to loss of acquired immunity, our model suggests higher impact for Italy. We also show that a reasonably effective vaccine with mass vaccination program can be successful in significantly controlling the size of infected population. We show that for India, a reduction in contact rate by 50% compared to a reduction of 10% in the current stage can reduce death from 0.0268% to 0.0141% of population. Similarly, for Italy we show that reducing contact rate by half can reduce a potential peak infection of 15% population to less than 1.5% of population, and potential deaths from 0.48% to 0.04%. With respect to vaccination, we show that even a 75% efficient vaccine administered to 50% population can reduce the peak number of infected population by nearly 50% in Italy. Similarly, for India, a 0.056% of population would die without vaccination, while 93.75% efficient vaccine given to 30\% population would bring this down to 0.036% of population, and 93.75% efficient vaccine given to 70% population would bring this down to 0.034%.

Munakata City(Munakata Shi)'s (Population census) Unemployed persons is 1,870person which is the 310th highest in Japan (by City). It also ranks 12th in Fukuoka Prefecture, with 1.5% share of the entire Fukuoka. Transition Graphs and Comparison chart between Munakata City and Kanuma City(Tochigi) and Chitose City(Hokkai do)(Closest City in Population) are available. Various data can be downloaded and output in csv format for use in EXCEL free of charge.

Abstract

Financial inclusion is critical in reducing poverty and achieving inclusive economic growth. When people can participate in the financial system, they are better able to start and expand businesses, invest in their children’s education, and absorb financial shocks. Yet prior to 2011, little was known about the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and rural residents were excluded from formal financial systems.

By collecting detailed indicators about how adults around the world manage their day-to-day finances, the Global Findex allows policy makers, researchers, businesses, and development practitioners to track how the use of financial services has changed over time. The database can also be used to identify gaps in access to the formal financial system and design policies to expand financial inclusion.

Geographic coverage

Sampling frame excluded some very small and remote villages(with less than 150 people), representing about 0.5 – 1.5% of the population.

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above.

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

The indicators in the 2017 Global Findex database are drawn from survey data covering almost 150,000 people in 144 economies-representing more than 97 percent of the world's population (see Table A.1 of the Global Findex Database 2017 Report for a list of the economies included). The survey was carried out over the 2017 calendar year by Gallup, Inc., as part of its Gallup World Poll, which since 2005 has annually conducted surveys of approximately 1,000 people in each of more than 160 economies and in over 150 languages, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The target population is the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population age 15 and above. Interview procedure Surveys are conducted face to face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where this is the customary methodology. In most economies the fieldwork is completed in two to four weeks.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used.

Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed and the handheld survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In economies where telephone interviewing is employed, random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In most economies where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

The sample size was 1000.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in multiple countries, using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in more than 140 languages upon request.

Questions on cash on delivery, saving using an informal savings club or person outside the family, domestic remittances, and agricultural payments are only asked in developing economies and few other selected countries. The question on mobile money accounts was only asked in economies that were part of the Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) database of the GSMA at the time the interviews were being held.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank

There were 13 900 Instagram users in Comoros in December 2020, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 60.4%. People aged 18 to 24 were the largest user group (8 100). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 18 to 24, where men lead by 4 800.

This dataset corresponds to paper titled "COVID-19: Risks of Re-emergence, Re-infection, and Control Measures -- A Long Term Modeling Study". In this work we define a modified SEIR model that accounts for the spread of infection during the latent period, infections from asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic infected individuals, potential loss of acquired immunity, people’s increasing awareness of social distancing and the use of vaccination as well as non-pharmaceutical interventions like social confinement. We estimate model parameters in three different scenarios - in Italy, where there is a growing number of cases and re-emergence of the epidemic, in India, where there are significant number of cases post confinement period and in Victoria, Australia where a re-emergence has been controlled with severe social confinement program. Our result shows the benefit of long term confinement of 50% or above population and extensive testing. With respect to loss of acquired immunity, our model suggests higher impact for Italy. We also show that a reasonably effective vaccine with mass vaccination program can be successful in significantly controlling the size of infected population. We show that for India, a reduction in contact rate by 50% compared to a reduction of 10% in the current stage can reduce death from 0.0268% to 0.0141% of population. Similarly, for Italy we show that reducing contact rate by half can reduce a potential peak infection of 15% population to less than 1.5% of population, and potential deaths from 0.48% to 0.04%. With respect to vaccination, we show that even a 75% efficient vaccine administered to 50% population can reduce the peak number of infected population by nearly 50% in Italy. Similarly, for India, a 0.056% of population would die without vaccination, while 93.75% efficient vaccine given to 30\% population would bring this down to 0.036% of population, and 93.75% efficient vaccine given to 70% population would bring this down to 0.034%.

Hitoyoshi City(Hitoyoshi Shi)'s Population projection (Total) is 21,632person which is the 733rd highest in Japan (by City). It also ranks 14th in Kumamoto Prefecture, with 1.5% share of the entire Kumamoto. Transition Graphs and Comparison chart between Hitoyoshi City and Ibaraki Town(Ibaraki) and Ama gun oharu Town(Aichi)(Closest City in Population) are available. Various data can be downloaded and output in csv format for use in EXCEL free of charge.

Watari gun watari Town(Watari gun watari Cho)'s Japanese population (Both sexes) is 32,779person which is the 701st highest in Japan (by City). It also ranks 14th in Miyagi Prefecture, with 1.5% share of the entire Miyagi. Transition Graphs and Comparison chart between Watari gun watari Town and Osato gun yorii Town(Saitama) and Toon City(Ehime)(Closest City in Population) are available. Various data can be downloaded and output in csv format for use in EXCEL free of charge.

There were 288 601 Facebook users in Chad in October 2019, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 81.2%. People aged 18 to 24 were the largest user group (109 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 18 to 24, where men lead by 89 000.

There were 14 600 Linkedin users in Comoros in February 2020, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (10 000).

Background The Chinese government has taken action to prevent cervical cancer by implementing the National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme in Rural Areas (NACCSPRA), which was launched in 2009. Numerous studies have demonstrated that long-term cervical cancer screening alters human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates and cervical disease detection. Nearly 80 million women have been screened over 10 years, representing <30% of the target population; however, in some rural areas, such as Ordos City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xiangyuan County of Shanxi Province, and Jinyun County, and Jingning County of Zhejiang Province, programs for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer have been implemented. Numerous studies have demonstrated that long-term cervical cancer screening alters rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical disease detection. In this study, we aimed to determine the infection rates of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and the detection rate of cervical lesions; and changes in factors associated with cervical cancer, to provide scientific data to inform efforts to eliminate cervical cancer in rural areas. Methods This was a cross-sectional, population-based, and multi-center survey. Populations from three rural areas of China (Ordos City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xiangyuan County of Shanxi Province, and Jinyun County and Jingning County of Zhejiang Province) were selected and 9,332 women aged 20–64 years old were invited to participate in cervical cancer screening by both cytology and HPV testing. The outcomes assessed were: infection rates with hrHPV, HPV16, 18, 16/18, and other 12 hrHPV types (HPV 31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,66 and 68); detection rates of cytological and histological lesions; and factors associated with HPV infection. Results A total of 9,217 women aged 45.62 ± 8.02 years were included in this study. Infection rates with hrHPV, HPV 16, 18, 16/18, and other 12 hrHPV types were 16.3%, 3.0%, 1.5%, 4.3%, and 13.6%, respectively. There were significant differences among the age-specific HPV infection rates (P < 0.05). Infection rates with hrHPV, 16, 18, 16/18, and the other 12 hrHPV types showed a single peak infection mode, with a peak age of 56–65 years old. Age, marital status, number of live births, education level, reproductive disease history, and a history of alcohol consumption were risk factors for hrHPV infection. The detection rate of cytological abnormalities was 12.98% in the study and was higher in women older than 56 years old. The detection rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN2+ and CIN3+ in the population were 1.45% and 0.77%, respectively. The highest incidence rates of CIN2+ and CIN3+ were 32.12% and 17.51%, respectively, in the 41–45 years old group. Conclusion Infection rates with hrHPV, HPV16, and cervical lesions among our screening population were lower than the mean level in rural areas of China. Infection rates with hrHPV, HPV16, 18, and 16/18 showed a single-peak infection pattern, with the peak age of infection being 56-65 years old. Risk factors for hrHPV infection were age, history of alcohol consumption, marital status, reproductive diseases, education level, and the number of live births. Based on these data, we recommend that cervical cancer screening be offered to women older than 30 years in rural areas, particularly those aged 41–45 years.

There were 356 500 Messenger users in Mali in January 2020, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 75.5%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (172 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 25 to 34, where men lead by 130 000.

There were 147 201 Instagram users in Togo in September 2022, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 70.9%. People aged 18 to 24 were the largest user group (63 400). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 18 to 24, where men lead by 46 500.

There were 99 500 Messenger users in Congo in July 2019, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 68.4%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (37 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 25 to 34, where men lead by 25 000.

There were 155 201 Messenger users in Tajikistan in April 2020, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 72.4%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (65 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 25 to 34, where men lead by 50 000.

There were 441 900 Instagram users in Cameroon in April 2020, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 57.8%. People aged 18 to 24 were the largest user group (190 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 18 to 24, where men lead by 110 000.

There were 238 100 Instagram users in Guinea in February 2019, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 63%. People aged 18 to 24 were the largest user group (98 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 25 to 34, where men lead by 56 000.

There were 581 200 Messenger users in Angola in February 2019, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 57.9%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (211 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 35 to 44, where men lead by 72 000.

There were 24 101 Instagram users in Equatorial Guinea in May 2019, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 46.9%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (9 500). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 25 to 34, where men lead by 5 800.

There were 96 000 Instagram users in Congo in November 2020, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 61%. People aged 18 to 24 were the largest user group (37 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 25 to 34, where men lead by 19 000.

There were 16 600 Instagram users in Djibouti in December 2023, which accounted for 1.5% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 59.6%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (8 500). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 25 to 34, where men lead by 5 200.