Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for Euro Area (19 Countries) (IRLTLT01EZM156N) from Jan 1970 to Oct 2025 about long-term, Euro Area, 10-year, Europe, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, and rate.

The yield on Euro Area 10Y Bond Yield held steady at 3.12% on November 28, 2025. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.04 points and is 0.39 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Government Bond 10y.

As of July 18, 2025, the major economy with the highest yield on 10-year government bonds was Turkey, with a yield of ** percent. This is due to the risks investors take when investing in Turkey, notably due to high inflation rates potentially eradicating any profits made when using a foreign currency to investing in securities denominated in Turkish lira. Of the major developed economies, United Kingdom had one the highest yield on 10-year government bonds at this time with **** percent, while Switzerland had the lowest at **** percent. How does inflation influence the yields of government bonds? Inflation reduces purchasing power over time. Due to this, investors seek higher returns to offset the anticipated decrease in purchasing power resulting from rapid price rises. In countries with high inflation, government bond yields often incorporate investor expectations and risk premiums, resulting in comparatively higher rates offered by these bonds. Why are government bond rates significant? Government bond rates are an important indicator of financial markets, serving as a benchmark for borrowing costs, interest rates, and investor sentiment. They affect the cost of government borrowing, influence the price of various financial instruments, and serve as a reflection of expectations regarding inflation and economic growth. For instance, in financial analysis and investing, people often use the 10-year U.S. government bond rates as a proxy for the longer-term risk-free rate.

As of December 30, 2024, ** economies reported a negative value for their ten year minus two year government bond yield spread: Ukraine with a negative spread of ***** percent; Turkey, with a negative spread of 1332 percent; Nigeria with **** percent; and Russia with **** percent. At this time, almost all long-term debt for major economies was generating positive yields, with only the most stable European countries seeing smaller values. Why is an inverted yield curve important? Often called an inverted yield curve or negative yield curve, a situation where short term debt has a higher yield than long term debt is considered a main indicator of an impending recession. Essentially, this situation reflects an underlying belief among a majority of investors that short term interest rates are about to fall, with the lowering of interest rates being the orthodox fiscal response to a recession. Therefore, investors purchase safe government debt at today's higher interest rate, driving down the yield on long term debt. In the United States, an inverted yield curve for an extended period preceded (almost) all recent recessions. The exception to this is the economic downturn caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic – however, the U.S. ten minus two year spread still came very close to negative territory in mid-2019. Bond yields and the coronavirus pandemic The onset of the coronavirus saw stock markets around the world crash in March 2020. This had an effect on bond markets, with the yield of both long term government debt and short term government debt falling dramatically at this time – reaching negative territory in many countries. With stock values collapsing, many investors placed their money in government debt – which guarantees both a regular interest payment and stable underlying value - in contrast to falling share prices. This led to many investors paying an amount for bonds on the market that was higher than the overall return for the duration of the bond (which is what is signified by a negative yield). However, the calculus is that the small loss taken on stable bonds is less that the losses likely to occur on the market. Moreover, if conditions continue to deteriorate, the bonds may be sold on at an even higher price, partly offsetting the losses from the negative yield.

ECB Projection: Government Bond Yield: 10 Year: EA data was reported at 1.500 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.300 % for 2020. ECB Projection: Government Bond Yield: 10 Year: EA data is updated yearly, averaging 1.200 % from Dec 2018 (Median) to 2021, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.500 % in 2021 and a record low of 1.000 % in 2019. ECB Projection: Government Bond Yield: 10 Year: EA data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Central Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.M008: European Central Bank: Government Bond Yield: Projection.

As of December 2024, the countries with the highest 10-year yields are the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia with 4.68, 4.38 and 4.21 percent, respectively. Of the largest economies by GDP, the United States saw the sharpest fall in absolute terms for 10-year government bond yields due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. From a level of 1.51 percent in January 2020, yields on 10-year government bonds fell to 0.65 percent by April 2020, and had further fallen to 0.53 percent by July 2020 before starting to recover towards the end of the year. Conversely, countries that went into 2020 with already low bond yields like Japan, Germany and France actually saw a small increase in March 2020 - although these already low yields mean that these small changes are significant in relative terms.

Euro Area - Long term gov. bond yields was 3.07% in October of 2025, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Euro Area - Long term gov. bond yields - last updated from the EUROSTAT on December of 2025. Historically, Euro Area - Long term gov. bond yields reached a record high of 3.59% in October of 2023 and a record low of -0.08% in August of 2021.

In January 2020, prior to the onset of the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, three of the seven largest economies by GDP had negative yields for two-year government bonds (Japan, Germany and France). With the onset of the pandemic, two-year bond yields in these countries actually rose slightly - in contrast to the other major economies, where yields fell over this period. As of December 2024, yields for two-year government bonds exhibited fluctuations across all countries. Notably, Japan showed a slight upward trend, while China experienced a modest decline.Negative yields assume that investors lack confidence in economic growth, meaning many investments (such as stocks) may lose value. Therefore, it is preferable to take a small loss on government debt that carries almost no risk to the investor, than risk a larger loss on other investments. As both the yen and euro are considered very safe assets, Japanese, German and French bonds were already being held by many investors prior to the pandemic as a hedge against economic downturn. Therefore, with the announcement of fiscal responses to the pandemic by many governments around March 2020, the value of these assets rose as confidence increased (slightly) that the worst case may be avoided. At the same time, yields on bonds with a higher return fell, as investors sought out investments with a higher return that were still considered safe.

Key information about European Union Long Term Interest Rate

• European Union Government Bond Yield: Monthly Average: Euro: 10 Years was reported at 3.14 % pa in Nov 2025, compared with 3.12 % pa in the previous month.
• EU Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1970 to Nov 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 15.44 % pa in Sep 1981 and a record low of -0.09 % pa in Dec 2020.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by European Central Bank.

• In the latest reports, EU Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 2.15 % pa in Nov 2025.
• EU Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.86 (USD/EUR) in Oct 2025.

Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Average: Euro Area: 10 Years data was reported at 0.434 % pa in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.509 % pa for Sep 2018. Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Average: Euro Area: 10 Years data is updated monthly, averaging 4.125 % pa from Jan 1992 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 322 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.150 % pa in Aug 1992 and a record low of -0.162 % pa in Sep 2016. Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Average: Euro Area: 10 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Finland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.M008: Benchmark Government Bond Yield.

Key information about European Union Short Term Interest Rate

• European Union Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021, compared with -0.55 % pa in the previous month.
• EU Short Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Dec 1998 to Nov 2021.
• The data reached an all-time high of 5.28 % pa in Sep 2008 and a record low of -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Short Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by European Money Markets Institute.

• In the latest reports, EU Government Bond Yield: Monthly Average: Euro: 10 Years was reported at 2.90 % pa in Jan 2024.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 4.50 % pa in Jan 2024.
• EU Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.92 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.

As of November 2024, Luxembourg government bonds with maturities of close to ten years reached an average of **** percent per annum. That was almost *** percent less than the previous year. Treasury notes: a safe haven in times of trouble Ten-year government bonds, otherwise known as treasury notes, are debt obligations issued by a government which matures in ten years. They are considered a low-risk investment as they are backed by the government and their ability to raise taxes to cover its obligations. In August 2019, investors became more interested in these investments as global developments sparked uncertainty on the stock markets. Traditionally, government bonds from the U.S. and Germany have the highest liquidity. When stock exchanges fall with around ten percent, a German treasury note with an interest rate of around **** percent is then considered a relatively safe place. What are other options to do with your money in Luxembourg? In March 2023, the interest rate of short-term household deposits (with an agreed maturity of up to one year) in Luxembourg was ****. This was the lowest of all Benelux countries (Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands). Low interest rates on consumer savings are deemed a consequence of the monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB), as it maintains artificially low interest rates to increase inflation on the European continent. Low interest rates and uncertainty on the stock exchange might therefore explain investors’ interest in gold. The international price of gold per troy ounce has increased sharply in recent years.

The present data collection consists of the following indicators:

The present data collection consists of the following indicators:

Key information about European Union Policy Rate

• European Union cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 2.15 % pa in Nov 2025, compared with 2.15 % pa in the previous Oct 2025.
• EU Policy Rate averaged 26,795.12 % pa and is updated monthly, available from Jan 1999 to Nov 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 50,619.43 % pa in Aug 2022 and a record low of 27.40 % pa in Apr 1990.

• In the latest reports, EU Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Government Bond Yield: Monthly Average: Euro: 10 Years) was reported at 3.14 % pa in Nov 2025.
• EU Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.86 (USD/EUR) in Oct 2025.
• Its Real Effective Exchange Rate was 94.76 in Nov 2025.

The present data collection consists of the following indicators:

From 2003 to 2025, the central banks of the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union exhibited remarkably similar interest rate patterns, reflecting shared global economic conditions. In the early 2000s, rates were initially low to stimulate growth, then increased as economies showed signs of overheating prior to 2008. The financial crisis that year prompted sharp rate cuts to near-zero levels, which persisted for an extended period to support economic recovery. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to further rate reductions to historic lows, aiming to mitigate economic fallout. However, surging inflation in 2022 triggered a dramatic policy shift, with the Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank significantly raising rates to curb price pressures. As inflation stabilized in late 2023 and early 2024, the ECB and Bank of England initiated rate cuts by mid-2024. Moreover, the Federal Reserve also implemented its first cut in three years, with forecasts suggesting a gradual decrease in all major interest rates between 2025 and 2026. Divergent approaches within the European Union While the ECB sets a benchmark rate for the Eurozone, individual EU countries have adopted diverse strategies to address their unique economic circumstances. For instance, Hungary set the highest rate in the EU at 13 percent in September 2023, gradually reducing it to 6.5 percent by October 2024. In contrast, Sweden implemented more aggressive cuts, lowering its rate to 2.15 percent by October 2025, the lowest among EU members. These variations highlight the complex economic landscape that European central banks must navigate, balancing inflation control with economic growth support. Global context and future outlook The interest rate changes in major economies have had far-reaching effects on global financial markets. Government bond yields, for example, reflect these policy shifts and investor sentiment. As of October 2025, the United States had the highest 10-year government bond yield among developed economies at 4.09 percent, while Switzerland had the lowest at 0.27 percent. These rates serve as important benchmarks for borrowing costs and economic expectations worldwide.

General

The dataset contains government bond prices and yields of 30 countries from 6 world regions (Americas, Europe, Asia, Pacific, Middle East, Africa) in the range of 1970 to 2020.

The data was collected on TradingView and splitted in two files: prices.csv and yields.csv

Columns

There are 216 columns in both files sorted alphabetically. The difference is in units: for yields.csv each value represents a % yield for a particular bond and for prices.csv it is the cost of a bond in a particular country's currency.

... | US07 | US Government Bond 5Y term | % or USD | | US10 | US Government Bond 10Y term | % or USD | | US20 | US Government Bond 20Y term | % or USD | | US30 | US Government Bond 30Y term | % or USD |

Prefixes

Acknowledgements

1. TradingView Inc., https://www.tradingview.com/
2. TradingView Inc., https://www.tradingview.com/
3. TradingView Inc., https://www.tradingview.com/

In 2023, long-term government bonds yields increased to **** percent, after years of low returns. This increase was due to the ECB's interest rates hikes implemented to lower inflation in EU member countries.

All data are expressed as a percentage, except for GDP per capita, net wages, total population, life expectancy, expected years of education, average years of schooling, life and non-life premium, total premium, bank deposits, financial assets and deposits of insurance companies, which are expressed in absolute terms.

Source of data:

Data on Life and Non-life premium, Total (gross) premium, Premium reserve data, Financial assets and Deposits of insurance companies are collected from the official reports of insurance supervision agencies: Insurance Supervision Agency in Montenegro (http://www.ano.me/en/), Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency (https://www.hanfa.hr/en/), National Bank of Serbia (https://www.nbs.rs/internet/english/, Insurance Supervision Agency of North Macedonia (http://aso.mk/en/?lang=en) and Financial Supervisory Authority in Albania (https://amf.gov.al/).

The economic indicators for the observed Western Balkan countries (GDP per capita, unemployment rate, inflation rate, net earnings and average effective deposit interest rate) are taken from the website Eurostat (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat) and Statista (https://www.statista.com/)

All demographic indicators, except for the expected and average years of schooling and education index, were collected from the Eurostat and UNDP database (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database; http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/ ).

Data on expected and average school years were taken from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org) , while the education index was obtained as a result of a calculation based on a formula published on the UNDP website (http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/education-index).

Data on bond yield were collected from the website of European Commission (https://ec.europa.eu/), i.e. from EC reports - EU Candidate Countries’ & Potential Candidates’ Economic Quarterly (CCEQ), except two data for Serbia (2006 and 2007) which were estimated by Makima extrapolation.

Bank deposits data are taken from the official reports of banks' regulatory institutions: Central bank of Montenegro (https://www.cbcg.me/en), National bank of Serbia (https://www.nbs.rs/en/indeks/), Croatian National bank (https://www.hnb.hr/en/home), National bank of the Republic of North Macedonia (https://www.nbrm.mk/pocetna-en.nspx); Bank of Albania (https://www.bankofalbania.org/home/)

Description of columns:

f1-GDPper capita; f2- Unemployment (%); f3-Inflation rate (%); f4- Net Wages €; f5- Deposit rate (%); f6- Population; f7- Female (%); f8- Population <15 (%); f9- Population 15-64 (%); f10- Dep old (%); f11- Dep young (%); f12- Urban population (%); f13-Life exp. (years); f14- Preschool enroll rate (%); f15- Elem school enroll rate (%); f16-High school enroll rate (%); f17- University enroll rate (%); f18- Expected years of schooling; f19- Avg. years of schooling; f20- Education Index (%); f21- Fertility rate (number of children to a woman); f22- Birth rate (per 1000 inhabitants); f23- Health costs (% GDP); f24-premium reserve per GDP,

i1- life premium €; i2- non-life premium €; i3- total premium €; i4- bond yield (%); i5a- bank deposits ( national currency); i5b- bank deposits €; i6a-financial assets in insurance (national currency); i6b- financial assets in insurance €; i7a- deposits of insurers (national currency); i7b –deposit of insurers €