Series Name: Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (deaths per 100 000 population)Series Code: SH_STA_WASHRelease Version: 2020.Q2.G.03 This dataset is the part of the Global SDG Indicator Database compiled through the UN System in preparation for the Secretary-General's annual report on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.Indicator 3.9.2: Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services)Target 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contaminationGoal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all agesFor more information on the compilation methodology of this dataset, see https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/

This statistic shows the 20 countries* with the highest infant mortality rate in 2024. An estimated 101.3 infants per 1,000 live births died in the first year of life in Afghanistan in 2024. Infant and child mortality Infant mortality usually refers to the death of children younger than one year. Child mortality, which is often used synonymously with infant mortality, is the death of children younger than five. Among the main causes are pneumonia, diarrhea – which causes dehydration – and infections in newborns, with malnutrition also posing a severe problem. As can be seen above, most countries with a high infant mortality rate are developing countries or emerging countries, most of which are located in Africa. Good health care and hygiene are crucial in reducing child mortality; among the countries with the lowest infant mortality rate are exclusively developed countries, whose inhabitants usually have access to clean water and comprehensive health care. Access to vaccinations, antibiotics and a balanced nutrition also help reducing child mortality in these regions. In some countries, infants are killed if they turn out to be of a certain gender. India, for example, is known as a country where a lot of girls are aborted or killed right after birth, as they are considered to be too expensive for poorer families, who traditionally have to pay a costly dowry on the girl’s wedding day. Interestingly, the global mortality rate among boys is higher than that for girls, which could be due to the fact that more male infants are actually born than female ones. Other theories include a stronger immune system in girls, or more premature births among boys.

We conducted a long-term (6 months) multiple stressor aquarium experiment with the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum (syn. Lophelia pertusa) under future environmental conditions. The experiment with live corals consisted of four different treatments to investigate the combined effect of ocean acidification, warming, deoxygenation and food limitation on their physiology: 1) control (9 °C, pH 8.1, 100 % oxygen, 100 % food availability), 2) multiple stressor with high feeding (12 °C, pH 7.7, 90 % oxygen, 100 % food availability), 3) multiple stressor with low feeding (12 °C, pH 7.7, 90 % oxygen, 50 % food availability) and 4) reduced oxygen (9 °C, pH 8.1, 90 % oxygen, 100 % food availability). Every treatment consisted of three replicate tanks with four live corals (treatments 1-4). Mortality rates and numbers of dead vs. live coral polyps were assessed over the full course of the experiment.

We evaluated the role of microzooplankton (sensu latto, grazers <500 µm) in determining the fate of phytoplankton production (PP) along a glacier-to-open sea transect in the Greenland subarctic fjord, Godthabfjord. Based on the distribution of size fractionated chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations we established 4 zones: (1) Fyllas Bank, characterized by deep chl a maxima (ca. 30 to 40 m) consisting of large cells, (2) the mouth and main branch of the fjord, where phytoplankton was relatively homogeneously distributed in the upper 30 m layer, (3) inner waters influenced by glacial melt water and upwelling, with high chl a concentrations (up to 12 µg/l) in the >10 µm fraction within a narrow (2 m) subsurface layer, and (4) the Kapisigdlit branch of the fjord, ice-free, and characterized with a thick and deep chl a maximum layer. Overall, microzooplankton grazing impact on primary production was variable and seldom significant in the Fyllas Bank and mouth of the fjord, quite intensive (up to >100% potential PP consumed daily) in the middle part of the main and Kapisigdlit branches of the fjord, and rather low and unable to control the fast growing phytoplankton population inhabiting the nutrient rich waters in the upwelling area in the vicinity of the glacier. Most of the grazing impact was on the <10 µm phytoplankton fraction, and the major grazers of the system seem to be >20 µm microzooplankton, as deducted from additional dilution experiments removing this size fraction. Overall, little or no export of phytoplankton out of the fjord to the Fyllas Bank can be determined from our data.

These data were used to generate the figures for Wimberly, M. C., J. K. Davis, M. V. Evans, A. Hess, P. M. Newberry, N. Solano-Asamoah, and C. C. Murdock (In Press) Land cover affects microclimate and temperature suitability for arbovirus transmission in an urban landscape, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Details of the individual files in the archive are provided below:tempmaxstack.tifPredicted maximum daily temperatures in degrees C. The image contains 118 bands, each representing one day from June 15, 2018 through October 10, 2018. tempminstack.tifPredicted minimum daily temperatures in degrees C. The image contains 118 bands, each representing one day from June 15, 2018 through October 10, 2018. vcstack_1.tif, vcstack_2.tif, vcstack_3.tif, vcstack_4.tifMonthly estimates of mosquito life history traits and vectorial capacity: 1) June-July, 2) July-August, 3) August-September, 4) September-October.Each image has 13 bands:1: biting rate (a)2: eggs per female per day (EFD)3: egg-to-adult survival (pEA)4: mosquito development rate (MDR)5: longevity (lf)6: transmission probability (b)7: infection probability (c)8: extrinsic incubation period (EIR)9: mortality rate (mu)10: mosquito abundance (mechanistic estimate)11: mosquito abundance (empirical estimate)12: vectorial capacity (based on mechanistic estimate of mosquito abundance)13: vectorial capacity (based on empirical estimate of mosquito abundance)imperv30.tifImpervious surface cover estimated using 2018 Sentinel-2 imagery. The image has a single band. Values are in percent cover (0-100).treecov30.tifTree cover estimated using 2018 Sentinel-2 imagery. The image has a single band. Values are in percent cover (0-100).ndwi.tifNormalized difference water index estimated using green and near-infrared bands from 2018 Sentinel-2 imagery. The image has a single band. Values are dimensionless indices that can be thresholded to identify water bodies.micro_2018_daily_data.csvDaily summaries of 2018 microclimate data recorded using field data loggers. The table contains the following fields:Date: Date of microclimate recordSite: Side codenum_temp: Number of temperature observationsnum_rh: Number of humidity observationsmean_temp: Mean temperature (degrees C)min_temp: Minimum temperature (degrees C)max_temp: Maximum temperature (degrees C)mean_rh: Mean relative humidity (%)min_rh: Minimum relative humidity (%)max_rh: Maximum relative humidity (%)logger-site-daily.csvDaily microclimate summaries from 2016-2017. The table contains the following fields:day: Date of microclimate recordSite: Site codeTemp_mean: Mean temperature (degrees C)RH_mean: Mean relative humidity (%)Temp_min: Minimum temperature (degrees C)RH_min: Minimum relative humidity (%)Temp_max: Maximum temperature (degrees C)RH_max: Maximum relative humidity (%)albo-abundance.csvMosquito trapping data from 2016-2017. The table contains the following fields:Site: Site codeDate: Trapping dateSpecies: Mosquito speciesSex: Mosquito sexcount: Number of mosquitoes trappedclass: Type of site (Rural, Suburban, or Urban)week.no: Number of weeks since the start of the field study

The deadliest animals in the world based on the number of human deaths per year is not a creature that humans usually find scary, such as a lion or snake. Mosquitos are by far the deadliest creature in the world when it comes to annual human deaths, causing around one million deaths per year, compared to 100,000 deaths from snakes and 250 from lions. Perhaps surpringly, dogs are the third deadliest animal to humans. Dogs are responsible for around 30,000 human deaths per year, with the vast majority of these deaths resulting from rabies that is transmitted from the dog.

Malaria

Mosquitos are the deadliest creature in the world because they transmit a number of deadly diseases, the worst of which is malaria. Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite that results in fever, chills, headache, vomiting and, if left untreated, death. Malaria disproportionately affects poorer regions of the world such as Africa and South-East Asia. In 2020, there were around 627,000 deaths from malaria worldwide.

Mosquito-borne diseases in the U.S.

The most common mosquito-borne diseases reported in the United States include West Nile virus, malaria, and dengue viruses. Many of these cases, however, are from travelers who contracted the disease in another country - this is especially true for malaria, Zika, and dengue. In 2018, the states of California, New York, and Texas reported the highest number of mosquito-borne disease cases in the United States.

Background Recent reviews suggest that the warming and acidification of ocean surface waters predicated by most accepted climate projections will lead to mass mortality and declining calcification rates of reef-building corals. This study investigates the use of modeling techniques to quantitatively examine rates of coral cover change due to these effects. Methodology/Principal Findings Broad-scale probabilities of change in shallow-water scleractinian coral cover in the Hawaiian Archipelago for years 2000–2099 A.D. were calculated assuming a single middle-of-the-road greenhouse gas emissions scenario. These projections were based on ensemble calculations of a growth and mortality model that used sea surface temperature (SST), atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), observed coral growth (calcification) rates, and observed mortality linked to mass coral bleaching episodes as inputs. SST and CO2 predictions were derived from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) multi-model dataset, statistically downscaled with historical data. Conclusions/Significance The model calculations illustrate a practical approach to systematic evaluation of climate change effects on corals, and also show the effect of uncertainties in current climate predictions and in coral adaptation capabilities on estimated changes in coral cover. Despite these large uncertainties, this analysis quantitatively illustrates that a large decline in coral cover is highly likely in the 21st Century, but that there are significant spatial and temporal variances in outcomes, even under a single climate change scenario.

Factors associated with cholera deaths in Nairobi City County, Kenya in 2017.

Abstract

This survey represents the fourth round of the Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey (MICS4) carried out in the Palestinian camps in Lebanon. MICS4 surveys have been conducted in around fifty countries throughout the world. The objective of the survey is to provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in the Palestinian camps in Lebanon, which will be used for monitoring progress towards the Millennium Development Goals and the goals of A World Fit for Children (WFFC).

Geographic coverage

Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon

Analysis unit

• Individuals
• Household

Sampling procedure

The sample size reached 5,190 households spread over five geographic areas.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the Generic MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS4 model questionnaire with some modifications and additions. Household questionnaires were administered to a knowledgeable adult living in the household. The household questionnaire includes Household Listing Form, Education, Water and Sanitation, Household Characteristics, Child Labour, Child Discipline, Handwashing, Salt Iodization and Water Testing.

In addition to a household questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Individual Women was administered to all women aged 15-49 years living in the households. The women's questionnaire includes Women's Background, Marriage, Child Mortality (with Birth history), HIV/AIDS, Desire for Last Birth, Maternal and Newborn Health, Illness Symptoms, Contraception, Unmet Need, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, and Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence.

The Questionnaire for Children Under-Five was administered to mothers or caretakers of children under 5 years of age living in the households. The children's questionnaire includes Age, Birth Registration, Early Childhood Development, Breastfeeding, Care of Illness, Immunization, and Anthropometry.

Cleaning operations

Data was processed using the Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro). In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS4 programme and adapted to the Lebanon (Palestinians) questionnaires were used throughout. Data entry began in June 2011 and was concluded in July 2011. Data processing ended in October 2011, and overall data quality was assessed in November 2011. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, Version 19, and the model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were used for this purpose.

Response rate

The response rate for households reached 98%. For women age 15-49, the response rate was 98%. And 100% response rate for children under five.

Showing various energies computed during the MM\GBSA computations.