Moldova MD: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data was reported at 7,578.662 MDL mn in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,664.937 MDL mn for 2007. Moldova MD: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 1,295.664 MDL mn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2008, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,578.662 MDL mn in 2008 and a record low of 1.827 MDL mn in 1991. Moldova MD: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary Authorities: Annual.

India inflation rate for 2024 was 4.95%, a 0.7% decline from 2023.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>India inflation rate for 2023 was <strong>5.65%</strong>, a <strong>1.05% decline</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>India inflation rate for 2022 was <strong>6.70%</strong>, a <strong>1.57% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>India inflation rate for 2021 was <strong>5.13%</strong>, a <strong>1.49% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
</ul>Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.

In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price of a basket of goods. The most common measure being the consumer price index. It is the percentage rate of change in price level over time, and also indicates the rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money. The annual rate of inflation for 2023, was 4.1 percent higher in the United States when compared to the previous year. More information on inflation and the consumer price index can be found on our dedicated topic page. Additionally, the monthly rate of inflation in the United States can be accessed here. Inflation and purchasing power Inflation is a key economic indicator, and gives economists and consumers alike a look at changes in prices in the wider economy. For example, if an average pair of socks costs 100 dollars one year and 105 dollars the following year, the inflation rate is five percent. This means the amount of goods an individual can purchase with a unit of currency has decreased. This concept is often referred to as purchasing power. The data presents the average rate of inflation in a year, whereas the monthly measure of inflation measures the change in prices compared with prices one year ago. For example, monthly inflation in the U.S. reached a peak in June 2022 at 9.1 percent. This means that prices were 9.1 percent higher than they were in June of 2021. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. The Big Mac Index has been published by The Economist since 1986 and exemplifies purchasing power on a global scale, allowing us to see note the differences between different countries currencies. Switzerland for example, has the most expensive Big Mac in the world, costing consumers 6.71 U.S. dollars as of July 2022, whereas a Big Mac cost 5.15 dollars in the United States, and 4.77 dollars in the Euro area. One of the most important tools in influencing the rate of inflation is interest rates. The Federal Reserve of the United States has the capacity to make changes to the federal interest rate . Changes to the rate of inflation are thought to be an imbalance between supply and demand. After COVID-19 related lockdowns came to an end there was a sudden increase in demand for goods and services with consumers having more funds than usual thanks to reduced spending during lockdown and government funded economic support. Additionally, supply-chain related bottlenecks also due to lockdowns around the world and the Russian invasion of Ukraine meant that there was a decrease in the supply of goods and services. By increasing the interest rate, the Federal Reserve aims to reduce spending, and thus bring demand back into balance with supply.

Moldova MD: Depository Corporations Survey: Money Plus Quasi Money data was reported at 31,663.910 MDL mn in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 27,326.914 MDL mn for 2007. Moldova MD: Depository Corporations Survey: Money Plus Quasi Money data is updated yearly, averaging 3,045.743 MDL mn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2008, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31,663.910 MDL mn in 2008 and a record low of 18.210 MDL mn in 1991. Moldova MD: Depository Corporations Survey: Money Plus Quasi Money data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.

Croatia HR: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data was reported at 17,051.012 HRK mn in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 16,007.467 HRK mn for 2007. Croatia HR: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 6,297.800 HRK mn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2008, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17,051.012 HRK mn in 2008 and a record low of 18.302 HRK mn in 1991. Croatia HR: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Croatia – Table HR.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary Authorities: Annual.

Bulgaria BG: Depository Corporations Survey: Money Plus Quasi Money data was reported at 47,208.000 BGN mn in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 43,380.000 BGN mn for 2007. Bulgaria BG: Depository Corporations Survey: Money Plus Quasi Money data is updated yearly, averaging 8,696.119 BGN mn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2008, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 47,208.000 BGN mn in 2008 and a record low of 101.138 BGN mn in 1991. Bulgaria BG: Depository Corporations Survey: Money Plus Quasi Money data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bulgaria – Table BG.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.

Bulgaria BG: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data was reported at 8,030.000 BGN mn in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,433.000 BGN mn for 2007. Bulgaria BG: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 2,167.856 BGN mn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2008, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,030.000 BGN mn in 2008 and a record low of 11.866 BGN mn in 1991. Bulgaria BG: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bulgaria – Table BG.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary Authorities: Annual.

Mongolia MN: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data was reported at 328,724.000 MNT mn in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 283,325.316 MNT mn for 2007. Mongolia MN: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 94,095.450 MNT mn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2008, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 328,724.000 MNT mn in 2008 and a record low of 1,694.362 MNT mn in 1991. Mongolia MN: Central Bank: Reserve Money: of which Currency Outside Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mongolia – Table MN.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary Authorities: Annual.

Mongolia MN: Depository Corporations Survey: Money Plus Quasi Money data was reported at 2,222,327.333 MNT mn in 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,381,062.487 MNT mn for 2007. Mongolia MN: Depository Corporations Survey: Money Plus Quasi Money data is updated yearly, averaging 239,492.950 MNT mn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2008, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,381,062.487 MNT mn in 2007 and a record low of 9,914.814 MNT mn in 1991. Mongolia MN: Depository Corporations Survey: Money Plus Quasi Money data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mongolia – Table MN.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.