Graph and download economic data for Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States (MSPUS) from Q1 1963 to Q2 2025 about sales, median, housing, and USA.

Abstract: "This paper studies the rise of sundown towns - places where Blacks and other minorities were excluded after dark - outside the South after 1890. We provide a new dataset on the timing of sundown town establishment using full count Census records. Using a shift-share instrumental variables approach, we show that the presence of Southern whites is causally related to the appearance of sundown towns, with lynchings and the establishment of KKK chapters as plausible mechanisms for racial exclusion."This repository contains the replications files for "Sundown Towns and Racial Exclusion: The Southern White Diaspora and the “Great Retreat”"

In the past four centuries, the population of the Thirteen Colonies and United States of America has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony in Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 346 million in 2025. While the fertility rate has now dropped well below replacement level, and the population is on track to go into a natural decline in the 2040s, projected high net immigration rates mean the population will continue growing well into the next century, crossing the 400 million mark in the 2070s. Indigenous population Early population figures for the Thirteen Colonies and United States come with certain caveats. Official records excluded the indigenous population, and they generally remained excluded until the late 1800s. In 1500, in the first decade of European colonization of the Americas, the native population living within the modern U.S. borders was believed to be around 1.9 million people. The spread of Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, to biologically defenseless populations in the New World then wreaked havoc across the continent, often wiping out large portions of the population in areas that had not yet made contact with Europeans. By the time of Jamestown's founding in 1607, it is believed the native population within current U.S. borders had dropped by almost 60 percent. As the U.S. expanded, indigenous populations were largely still excluded from population figures as they were driven westward, however taxpaying Natives were included in the census from 1870 to 1890, before all were included thereafter. It should be noted that estimates for indigenous populations in the Americas vary significantly by source and time period. Migration and expansion fuels population growth The arrival of European settlers and African slaves was the key driver of population growth in North America in the 17th century. Settlers from Britain were the dominant group in the Thirteen Colonies, before settlers from elsewhere in Europe, particularly Germany and Ireland, made a large impact in the mid-19th century. By the end of the 19th century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. It is also estimated that almost 400,000 African slaves were transported directly across the Atlantic to mainland North America between 1500 and 1866 (although the importation of slaves was abolished in 1808). Blacks made up a much larger share of the population before slavery's abolition. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily since 1900, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. Since WWII, the U.S. has established itself as the world's foremost superpower, with the world's largest economy, and most powerful military. This growth in prosperity has been accompanied by increases in living standards, particularly through medical advances, infrastructure improvements, clean water accessibility. These have all contributed to higher infant and child survival rates, as well as an increase in life expectancy (doubling from roughly 40 to 80 years in the past 150 years), which have also played a large part in population growth. As fertility rates decline and increases in life expectancy slows, migration remains the largest factor in population growth. Since the 1960s, Latin America has now become the most common origin for migrants in the U.S., while immigration rates from Asia have also increased significantly. It remains to be seen how immigration restrictions of the current administration affect long-term population projections for the United States.

Abstract (en): These data on 19th- and early 20th-century police department and arrest behavior were collected between 1975 and 1978 for a study of police and crime in the United States. Raw and aggregated time-series data are presented in Parts 1 and 3 on 23 American cities for most years during the period 1860-1920. The data were drawn from annual reports of police departments found in the Library of Congress or in newspapers and legislative reports located elsewhere. Variables in Part 1, for which the city is the unit of analysis, include arrests for drunkenness, conditional offenses and homicides, persons dismissed or held, police personnel, and population. Part 3 aggregates the data by year and reports some of these variables on a per capita basis, using a linear interpolation from the last decennial census to estimate population. Part 2 contains data for 267 United States cities for the period 1880-1890 and was generated from the 1880 federal census volume, REPORT ON THE DEFECTIVE, DEPENDENT, AND DELINQUENT CLASSES, published in 1888, and from the 1890 federal census volume, SOCIAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Information includes police personnel and expenditures, arrests, persons held overnight, trains entering town, and population. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. 2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 4 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads.2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 4 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads.2005-11-04 On 2005-03-14 new files were added to one or more datasets. These files included additional setup files as well as one or more of the following: SAS program, SAS transport, SPSS portable, and Stata system files. The metadata record was revised 2005-11-04 to reflect these additions. Funding insitution(s): United States Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. Bureau of Justice Statistics.

The present study is an attempt to present the development of German livestock since the beginning of the 19th century in numbers and partly also graphically. As the objective of the investigation was to describe this development in broad terms it is based on 20 years intervals. “The information starts in 1816 because an earlier start did not seem appropriate as a consequence of the war years. The following evaluation years are 1833, 1853, 1873, 1892, 1913 and 1927. For processing the data material an appropriate demarcation of the geographical districts was of crucial importance. An appropriate unit for Prussia and Bavaria is a government district (Regierungsbezirk), for Saxony the district office (Kreishauptmannschaft), for Württemberg the district (Kreis), for Baden the federal commissioner district (Landeskommissarbezirk), for Hesse the province (Provinz) for Oldendburg the region (Landesteil) and for Alsace-Lorraine the district (Bezirk). The other regions were not subdivided. The Thuringian States have always been combined into one unit. All regions were defined after the administrative division of 1927. For Baden an earlier administrative division in 11 districts was translated into the division in four federal commissioner districts of 1927” (Ritter, a. cit., p. 5 f.).

As an Introduction to the investigation an overview over the territory size of the relevant districts will be given. This data is based on the sizes of 1927; the whole district designation is based on this year. In those tables you also find data about the population in the different districts for different years of censuses because the data of the density of livestock becomes more meaningful in combination with data about population density. For the years after the foundation of the German Empire the results of the censuses for the years of 1871, 1890, 1910 and 1925 were used. It was always possible to use numbers of population level, which are only few years away from the respective livestock census years. The population level before the foundation of the German Empire was determined through a compilation of the results of censuses of the different districts. A uniform count for all German states was first performed on December 3, 1867. For the data by the year 1833, the first of the three-year census of the Zollverein in 1834 served as a basis. Also for the numbers around 1816 appropriate data was available, partly because there was a census in Prussia in 1816.

In the description of the development of livestock horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and goats for all years of evaluation and chicken for 1912 and 1927 were taken into account. Mules and donkeys are not included due to their small importance; as well as all types of poultry besides - chickens - and bees and rabbits are not included, especially since there is no satisfactory information for the early years. Prussia started to identify spring cattle only in 1897(the first comprehensive census in the German Empire was carried out in 1900 with regard to the upcoming trade agreements; the first census for bees in the German Empire was carried out in 1873).
“We did not succeed in fining reliable data for all regions for the time around 1916 and 1833; also for the time around 1853, some gaps still remained. However, a look at the tables on the quantities of individual livestock species shows that the missing data is almost always from small regions with little importance in the overall framework.” (Ritter, a. cit., p. 4).

The basis of the representation is for all livestock species always the total number of stocks (numbers in thousands). To clearly highlight the importance of the data on the number of the different livestock species in different districts and the quantities of each livestock species per 100 inhabitants was calculated. Another part of the table describes the relations between different cattle species. “To clarify the business side of the development of the livestock sector in the last part of the study the stock of cattle of the different species is presented in relation to each of 100 cattle. Thereby a process was pursued and developed further, which for the first time was used by Th. H. Engelbrecht in his study; "The Country of the building zones except tropical countries". Besides also young cattle was recorded. In addition, the number of foals per 100 horses is given.” (Ritter, a. cit., p 10).

Data tables in HISTAT: A. Territory and population A.01 Territory in squ...

In 1800, the population of the region of present-day India was approximately 169 million. The population would grow gradually throughout the 19th century, rising to over 240 million by 1900. Population growth would begin to increase in the 1920s, as a result of falling mortality rates, due to improvements in health, sanitation and infrastructure. However, the population of India would see it’s largest rate of growth in the years following the country’s independence from the British Empire in 1948, where the population would rise from 358 million to over one billion by the turn of the century, making India the second country to pass the billion person milestone. While the rate of growth has slowed somewhat as India begins a demographics shift, the country’s population has continued to grow dramatically throughout the 21st century, and in 2020, India is estimated to have a population of just under 1.4 billion, well over a billion more people than one century previously. Today, approximately 18% of the Earth’s population lives in India, and it is estimated that India will overtake China to become the most populous country in the world within the next five years.