This data collection, Aging of Veterans of the Union Army: Surgeons' Certificates, United States, 1862-1940, constitutes a portion of the historical data collected by the project "Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease, and Death." With the goal of constructing datasets suitable for longitudinal analyses of factors affecting the aging process, the project collects military, medical, and socioeconomic data on a sample of white males mustered into the Union Army during the Civil War. The surgeons' certificates contain information from examining physicians to determine eligibility for pension benefits. Also included are questions regarding the age, occupation, residence, and military experience of the veterans. These data can be linked to "Aging of Veterans of the Union Army: Military, Pension, and Medical Records, 1820-1940" (ICPSR 6837) and "Aging of Veterans of the Union Army: United States Federal Census Records, 1850, 1860, 1900, 1910" (ICPSR 6836) using the variable "recidnum."

1910 United States Federal Census contains records from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA by Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910 (NARA microfilm publication T624, 1,178 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C. Year: 1910; Census Place: Philadelphia Ward 42, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Roll: T624_1411; Page: 2A; Enumeration District: 1061; FHL microfilm: 1375424 - .

1910 United States Federal Census contains records from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA by Year: 1910; Census Place: Philadelphia Ward 42, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Roll: T624_1411; Page: 1B; Enumeration District: 1061; FHL microfilm: 1375424 - .

1910 United States Federal Census contains records from Barre, Washington, Vermont, USA by Year: 1910; Census Place: Barre Ward 2, Washington, Vermont; Roll: T624_1617; Page: 10B; Enumeration District: 0209; FHL microfilm: 1375630 - .

1910 United States Federal Census contains records from Bloomfield, Essex, Vermont, USA by Year: 1910; Census Place: Bloomfield, Essex, Vermont; Roll: T624_1614; Page: 4A; Enumeration District: 0094; FHL microfilm: 1375627 - .

1910 United States Federal Census contains records from Manchester, Hillsborough, New Hampshire, USA by Year: 1910; Census Place: Manchester Ward 9, Hillsborough, New Hampshire; Roll: T624_863; Page: 4A; Enumeration District: 0149; FHL microfilm: 1374876 - .

1910 United States Federal Census contains records from Caribou, Aroostook, Maine, USA by Year: 1910; Census Place: Caribou, Aroostook, Maine; Roll: T624_537; Page: 13B; Enumeration District: 0010; FHL microfilm: 1374550 - .

This nationally representative sample of the United States population in 1910 was drawn from manuscript census schedules. The file contains a record for each household selected in the sample, and supplies variables describing the location, type, and composition of the households. Each household record is followed by a record for each individual residing in the household. Information on individuals includes demographic characteristics, occupation, literacy, nativity, ethnicity, and fertility.

A dataset to advance the study of life-cycle interactions of biomedical and socioeconomic factors in the aging process. The EI project has assembled a variety of large datasets covering the life histories of approximately 39,616 white male volunteers (drawn from a random sample of 331 companies) who served in the Union Army (UA), and of about 6,000 African-American veterans from 51 randomly selected United States Colored Troops companies (USCT). Their military records were linked to pension and medical records that detailed the soldiers������?? health status and socioeconomic and family characteristics. Each soldier was searched for in the US decennial census for the years in which they were most likely to be found alive (1850, 1860, 1880, 1900, 1910). In addition, a sample consisting of 70,000 men examined for service in the Union Army between September 1864 and April 1865 has been assembled and linked only to census records. These records will be useful for life-cycle comparisons of those accepted and rejected for service. Military Data: The military service and wartime medical histories of the UA and USCT men were collected from the Union Army and United States Colored Troops military service records, carded medical records, and other wartime documents. Pension Data: Wherever possible, the UA and USCT samples have been linked to pension records, including surgeon''''s certificates. About 70% of men in the Union Army sample have a pension. These records provide the bulk of the socioeconomic and demographic information on these men from the late 1800s through the early 1900s, including family structure and employment information. In addition, the surgeon''''s certificates provide rich medical histories, with an average of 5 examinations per linked recruit for the UA, and about 2.5 exams per USCT recruit. Census Data: Both early and late-age familial and socioeconomic information is collected from the manuscript schedules of the federal censuses of 1850, 1860, 1870 (incomplete), 1880, 1900, and 1910. Data Availability: All of the datasets (Military Union Army; linked Census; Surgeon''''s Certificates; Examination Records, and supporting ecological and environmental variables) are publicly available from ICPSR. In addition, copies on CD-ROM may be obtained from the CPE, which also maintains an interactive Internet Data Archive and Documentation Library, which can be accessed on the Project Website. * Dates of Study: 1850-1910 * Study Features: Longitudinal, Minority Oversamples * Sample Size: ** Union Army: 35,747 ** Colored Troops: 6,187 ** Examination Sample: 70,800 ICPSR Link: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/06836

1910 Unites States Federal Census contains records from Winchester, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA by Year: 1910; Census Place: Winchester, Cheshire, New Hampshire; Roll: T624_861; Page: 8B; Enumeration District: 0050; FHL microfilm: 1374874 - .

U.S. Census Tracts for 1980 for the 8 county area. The currently available shapefiles on the NHGIS site are beta release versions of historical US census tract boundary files for the 1910 to 2000 censuses. These boundary files were produced by the Minnesota Population Center as part of the National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) project. The NHGIS is an NSF sponsored project to create a digital spatial-temporal database of all available historical US aggregate census materials. The NHGIS is scheduled to be completed in April 2006.These electronic census tract boundary files were created by referencingreferencing publicly available, printed U.S. Census Bureau maps andconsiderable care was taken during their production. The boundary fileshave been checked against currently available historical census aggregatedata. A boundary file was considered verified when a 100 percent match wasachieved between the tracts included in a shapefile and the tracts listedin the corresponding aggregate data. Some revisions to the boundary file areanticipated prior to final release. These data are based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. BCS0094908 - an infrastructure grant provided for the social sciences. Its purpose is to produce national electronic maps for small areas in the United States covering the period before 1980. The data files contain historical census tracts for the US from 1910 to 2000 and are considered a preliminary version. Because the files are in a beta form, the user should always verify actual data and exercise their own professional judgment when interpreting any outcomes.

Analysis of ‘Census Tracts 1960’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/d609e7aa-5bfe-4efe-a6e2-cf0f2efb54b0 on 27 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

This boundary file contains historic census tract boundaries for which the U.S. Census Bureau tabulated data and was produced by the Minnesota Population Center as part of the National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) project. The NHGIS is an National Science Foundation-sponsored project (Grant No. BCS0094908) to create a digital spatial-temporal database of all available historical US aggregate census materials. The available shapefiles on the NHGIS site represent version 1.0 of historical US census tract boundary files for the 1910-2000 censuses. These electronic census tract boundary files were created by referencing publicly available, printed U.S. Census Bureau maps and considerable care was taken during their production. TIGER/Line spatial features that corresponded to boundaries on these maps were used to construct proper historic boundaries. When a TIGER/Line features was not available, we digitized the historic boundary from a geo-referenced, scanned census map. The boundary files have been checked against currently available historical census aggregate data.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

1910 United States Federal Census contains records from Fort Fairfield, Aroostook, Maine, USA by Year: 1910; Census Place: Fort Fairfield, Aroostook, Maine; Roll: T624_537; Page: 7B; Enumeration District: 0024; FHL microfilm: 1374550 - .

Sources: Scientific Publications; official Statistics:

Max Broesike (1904), Rückblick auf die Entwicklung der preußischen Bevölkerung von 1875 bis 1900, Preußische Statistik 188, S. 12-14.

Elsner/Lehmann (1988): Ausländische Arbeiter unter dem deutschen Imperialismus, 1900 bis 1985. Berlin: Dietz Verlag.

Hubert, Michel (1998): Deutschland im Wandel. Geschichte der deutschen Bevölkerung seit 1815. Stuttgart: Steiner.

Köbler, Gerhard (2007): Historisches Lexikon der deutschen Länder. Die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. München: Beck.

Königlich Preußisches Statistisches Landesamt: Statistisches Jahrbuch für den Preußischen Staat, 13. Jahrgang, Berlin 1916 und 16. Jahrgang, Berlin 1920.

Königlich Statistisches Bureau in Berlin: Preußische Statistik (Amtliches Quellenwerk), Heft 139. Die Sterblichkeit nach Todesursachen und Altersklassen der Gestorbenen sowie die Selbstmorde und die tödlichen Verunglückungen im preußischen Staate während des Jahres 1894. Berlin, 1896.

Königlich Statistisches Bureau in Berlin: Preußische Statistik, Heft 188: Rückblick auf die Entwicklung der preußischen Bevölkerung von 1875 bis 1900. Berlin, 1904, S. 105.

Oltmer, Jochen (2005): Migration und Politik in der Weimarer Republik. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht.

Preußisches Statistisches Landesamt: Statistisches Jahrbuch für den Freistaat Preußen, Statistisches Jahrbuch für den Freistaat Preußen, 17. Band, 1921 und 29. Band, 1933.

Stat. Bundesamt (Hrsg.): Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit. Fachserie 1, Reihe 2. Ausländische Bevölkerung. Ausgabe 2013, S. 26, Tabelle 1.

Stat. Reichsamt (Hrsg.): Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, verschiedene Jahrgänge: Jg. 1880 bis Jg. 1941/42.

Stat. Reichsamt (Hrsg.): Statistik des Deutschen Reichs: Band 360, Band 393, Band 441.

Trevisiol, O.: Die Einbürgerungspraxis im Deutschen Reich 1871-1945. Diss. 2004. Tab. 1, S. 20 und Tab. 4, S. 24. KOPS – Das institutionelle Repositorium der Universität Konstanz, Suche im Bestand ‘Geschichte und Soziologie‘, WEB: http://d-nb.info/974206237/34

Further literature

Bade, Klaus J. (2002): Europa in Bewegung. Migration vom späten 18. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart. München: Beck.

Gosewinkel, Dieter (2001): Einbürgern und Ausschließen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

Oltmer, Jochen (2012): Globale Migration. Geschichte und Gegenwart. München: Beck.

Oltmer, Jochen (2013): Migration im 19. Und 20. Jahrhundert. München: Oldenbourg.

wikipedia.org

The available data show the development of total residential buildings, including mixed-use buildings (e.g. non-residential buildings, which also include dwellings or housing opportunities), emergency accommodation and dwellings. In addition, the number of households per dwelling and the population per dwelling are reported for 83 years. These data show the evolution of the quality of housing and the proportion of particularly precarious dwellings over time. The compilation is based on the comprehensive population and building censuses carried out since 1871. Due to the extensive territorial changes over the 83-year period covered, which thus also cover a period prior to the existence of the federal state North Rhine-Westphalia, the comments are of particular importance. Due to the considerable scope of the study description the comments are additionally offered via a downloadable PDF file. The data on residential buildings are part of an extremely comprehensive data compilation of the primary researcher Harald Klaudat. This data compilation is divided into several sub-studies. While the study ZA8682 focuses on population and therefore presents the distribution of the population according to age, sex, and marital status as well as the number of births and deaths, the study ZA8683 presents the development of religious affiliation of the population in North Rhine-Westphalia over 120 years.This study with the number ZA8706 is dedicated to the sub-area of residential buildings. While the data of the studies ZA8682 and ZA8683 are under the online-database Histat topic ´Population´, this part of the study was imported under the topic ´Building´ in histat. The data refer to the following administrative districts with their urban districts, independent towns, and rural districts:01. Regierungsbezirk (= county) Aachen02. Regierungsbezirk (= county) Arnsberg03. Regierungsbezirk (= county) Düsseldorf04. Regierungsbezirk (= county) Cologne 05. Regierungsbezirk (= county) Minden resp. Detmold06. Regierungsbezirk (= county) Münster07. Gesamtgebiet NRW (whole territory or North Rhine-Westphalia in general) The following topics are covered in the data tables for each administrative district: - Area of the respective county or district- Number of normal residential buildings- Number of non-residential buildings containing apartments.- Number of temporary dwellings and accommodation occupied.- Total number of dwellings (= sum of ´normal residential buildings´ + ´non-residential buildings with dwellings´ + ´inhabited emergency dwellings and accommodation´) per square km- Inhabitants per square km- Inhabitants per dwelling- Households per dwelling This data is available for the following occupational and census data:- 1.12.1885 (territory of 1885)- 1.12.1900 (territory of 1900)- 1.12.1910 (territory of 1910/12)- 13.9.1950 (territory of 1950)- 6.6.1961 (territory of 1961)- 25.10.1968 (territory of 1970)- 31.12.1968 for inhabitants per sqkm and per dwelling and for households per dwelling (territory of 1.1.1970) Datatables in HISTAT, Topic ´Bauen´ 1 Reg-Bez. Aachen: Wohngebäude 1885-1968 2a Reg-Bez. Arnsberg, Stadtkreise: Wohngebäude 1885-1968 2b Reg-Bez. Arnsberg, Landkreise: Wohngebäude 1885-1968 3a Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf, Stadtkriese: Wohngebäude 1885-1968 3b Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf, Landkreise: Wohngebäude 1885-1968 4 Reg-Bez. Koeln: Wohngebäude 1885-1968 5 Reg-Bez. Minden bzw. Detmold/ Land Lippe bis 1947: Wohngebäude 1885-1968 6 Reg-Bez. Münster: Wohngebäude 1885-1968 7 Gesamtgebiet bzw. Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW): Wohngebäude 1885-1968

The present study is an attempt to present the development of German livestock since the beginning of the 19th century in numbers and partly also graphically. As the objective of the investigation was to describe this development in broad terms it is based on 20 years intervals. “The information starts in 1816 because an earlier start did not seem appropriate as a consequence of the war years. The following evaluation years are 1833, 1853, 1873, 1892, 1913 and 1927. For processing the data material an appropriate demarcation of the geographical districts was of crucial importance. An appropriate unit for Prussia and Bavaria is a government district (Regierungsbezirk), for Saxony the district office (Kreishauptmannschaft), for Württemberg the district (Kreis), for Baden the federal commissioner district (Landeskommissarbezirk), for Hesse the province (Provinz) for Oldendburg the region (Landesteil) and for Alsace-Lorraine the district (Bezirk). The other regions were not subdivided. The Thuringian States have always been combined into one unit. All regions were defined after the administrative division of 1927. For Baden an earlier administrative division in 11 districts was translated into the division in four federal commissioner districts of 1927” (Ritter, a. cit., p. 5 f.).

As an Introduction to the investigation an overview over the territory size of the relevant districts will be given. This data is based on the sizes of 1927; the whole district designation is based on this year. In those tables you also find data about the population in the different districts for different years of censuses because the data of the density of livestock becomes more meaningful in combination with data about population density. For the years after the foundation of the German Empire the results of the censuses for the years of 1871, 1890, 1910 and 1925 were used. It was always possible to use numbers of population level, which are only few years away from the respective livestock census years. The population level before the foundation of the German Empire was determined through a compilation of the results of censuses of the different districts. A uniform count for all German states was first performed on December 3, 1867. For the data by the year 1833, the first of the three-year census of the Zollverein in 1834 served as a basis. Also for the numbers around 1816 appropriate data was available, partly because there was a census in Prussia in 1816.

In the description of the development of livestock horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and goats for all years of evaluation and chicken for 1912 and 1927 were taken into account. Mules and donkeys are not included due to their small importance; as well as all types of poultry besides - chickens - and bees and rabbits are not included, especially since there is no satisfactory information for the early years. Prussia started to identify spring cattle only in 1897(the first comprehensive census in the German Empire was carried out in 1900 with regard to the upcoming trade agreements; the first census for bees in the German Empire was carried out in 1873).
“We did not succeed in fining reliable data for all regions for the time around 1916 and 1833; also for the time around 1853, some gaps still remained. However, a look at the tables on the quantities of individual livestock species shows that the missing data is almost always from small regions with little importance in the overall framework.” (Ritter, a. cit., p. 4).

The basis of the representation is for all livestock species always the total number of stocks (numbers in thousands). To clearly highlight the importance of the data on the number of the different livestock species in different districts and the quantities of each livestock species per 100 inhabitants was calculated. Another part of the table describes the relations between different cattle species. “To clarify the business side of the development of the livestock sector in the last part of the study the stock of cattle of the different species is presented in relation to each of 100 cattle. Thereby a process was pursued and developed further, which for the first time was used by Th. H. Engelbrecht in his study; "The Country of the building zones except tropical countries". Besides also young cattle was recorded. In addition, the number of foals per 100 horses is given.” (Ritter, a. cit., p 10).

Data tables in HISTAT: A. Territory and population A.01 Territory in squ...

Much of Argentina's modern society and culture is rooted in the Spanish Empire's colonization of the region in the 16th century, along with the influx of European migration to the country around the turn of the twentieth century. There are records of human presence in the region dating back to the paleolithic period (3.3 million to 9,650 BCE) and the Incan Empire is known to have extended into the region before Columbus' arrival in the Americas in 1492; however most of this culture and civilization was wiped out by Europeans in the 1500s. During Spanish colonization, the majority of Argentina was a part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (which also included territories in modern-day Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay) and was still economically bound to the Spanish crown. With a population of just 0.5 million in 1800, a combination of mass migration (particularly from Southern Europe) and high birth rates have helped Argentina's population grow above 45 million over the past two centuries.

Independence, Immigration and the Gold rush The age of enlightenment and revolutions in Europe inspired a longing in the region for independence, and Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808 was the catalyst for the Spanish Empire's downfall in the Americas, with Argentinian independence declared in 1816. The Spanish military was then defeated in mid 1800s, but for the majority of the next century there was little political or economic stability in the region, with several small-scale civil wars between the different Argentinian states. Starting with the government of Julio Argentino Roca in 1880, ten consecutive federal governments actively pursued a liberal economic policy which led to a massive wave of state-promoted European immigration; so much so that the number of migrants received by Argentina in that period was second only to the United States worldwide. This immigration led to the rejuvenation and reinvention of Argentinian society and economy to such an extent, that by 1908 the country had the seventh largest economy in the world. This in turn led to further immigration and higher standards of living. It is also worth noting that the Tierra del Fuego gold rush that started around 1883 and lasted to around 1906 also contributed greatly to immigration. Unfortunately, Argentina was unable to retain it's acquired economic might; it failed to develop industrially at the same speed as the rest of the world, and the Great Depression of 1929 set in motion an economic decline that contributed to much civil and political unrest.

The impact of Perón, and modern Argentina
The election of Juan Perón in 1946 proved to be a defining point in Argentina's history; Perón was a demagogue who imprisoned (and reportedly tortured) his rivals and critics, and whose isolationist policies and radical spending contributed to severe inflation. With the death of Perón's extremely popular wife, Eva Duarte, in 1952, his popularity declined and he was eventually exiled following a coup in 1955. Despite this exile, Perón returned in 1973 and re-assumed the presidency, until his death in 1974, where he was the succeeded by his third wife. Peron's political philosophy, known as "Peronism", is a mixture of right wing nationalist and left wing populist theories; although Peronism has developed greatly over time, its core belief system is the foundation of Argentina's largest party, the Justicialist Party (although they have become increasingly left wing since the Kirchner administrations).

With the expulsion of Perón in 1955, Argentina's trend of military coups and failed governments continued, and the country faced further economic instability. Despite all of this, medical advancements and improvements to quality of life across the globe helped Argentina's mortality rate to decline, and the population grew at a faster rate than ever before. In April 1982, Argentine forces invaded the British territory of the Falkland Islands, leading to a ten week war between the nations, that ended with Argentina's surrender in June. The war had a relatively small death toll, but contributed to riots in Buenos Aires, which helped to topple the military dictatorship and established the current democratic system. Following a severe recession that began in 2001, President Néstor Kirchner assumed office in 2003, and his wife took over from 2007 to 2015; during the Kirchner administrations, more than eleven million people were lifted out of poverty, and Argentina's economy grew in stature to become one of the Group of Twenty.

1930 United States Federal Census contains records from Ambler, Montgomery, Pennsylvania, USA by Year: 1930; Census Place: Ambler, Montgomery, Pennsylvania; Page: 7A; Enumeration District: 0013; FHL microfilm: 2341814 - .

1910 United States Federal Census contains records from Woodland, Aroostook, Maine, Canada by Year: 1910; Census Place: Woodland, Aroostook, Maine; Roll: T624_538; Page: 1B; Enumeration District: 0043; FHL microfilm: 1374551 - .