Between 1914 and 1969, weekly wages in manufacturing industries in the United States grew by a factor of 12. In the first half of the century, the most significant periods of increase came during the World Wars, as manufacturing industries were at the core of the war effort. However, wages then fell sharply after both World Wars, due to post-war recessions and oversaturation of the job market as soldiers returned home. Interwar period Wage growth during the interwar period was often stagnant, despite the significant economic growth during the Roarin' 20s, and manufacturing wages remained steady at around 24 dollars from 1923 to 1929. This was, again, due to oversaturation of the job market, as employment in the agricultural sector declined due to mechanization and many rural workers flocked to industrial cities in search of employment. The Great Depression then saw the largest and most prolonged period of decline in manufacturing wages. From September 1929 to March 1933, weekly wages fell from 24 dollars to below 15 dollars, and it would take another four years for them to return to pre-Depression levels. Postwar prosperity After the 1945 Recession, the decades that followed the Second World War then saw consistent growth in manufacturing wages in almost every year, as the U.S. cemented itself as the foremost economic power in the world. This period is sometimes referred to as the Golden Age of Capitalism, and the U.S. strengthened its economic presence in Western Europe and other OECD countries, while expanding its political and military presence across Asia. Manufacturing and exports played a major role in the U.S.' economic growth in this period, and wages grew from roughly 40 dollars per week in 1945 to more than 120 dollars by the late 1960s.

Graph and download economic data for Average Hourly Earnings, Twenty-Five Manufacturing Industries for United States (M08142USM055NNBR) from Jan 1920 to Jul 1948 about earnings, hours, manufacturing, industry, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Average Actual Hours of Work Per Week Per Wage Earner, Female, Twenty-Five Manufacturing Industries for United States (M08033USM065NNBR) from Jun 1920 to Apr 1944 about females, hours, wages, manufacturing, industry, and USA.

The minimum wage is a basic labour standard that sets the lowest wage rate that an employer can pay to employees who are covered by the legislation. Today, one of its main purposes is to protect non-unionized workers in unskilled jobs, although it can also influence, directly or indirectly, the level of compensation of other employees as well. A minimum wage constitutes a floor above which employees or their unions may negotiate with management for higher remuneration. However, it is rarely static: adjustments are required from time to time to maintain its relevance in changing economic and social conditions.

PERIOD: 1923-1927. NOTE: Average wages at the location of the 26 Chambers of Commerce in Japan up to 1920, and at or near the location of the 13 Chambers of Commerce in major cities after 1920. SOURCE: [Monthly Statistics on Wages].

The study of Jürgen Nautz deals with selected aspects of tariff autonomy and wage development during the years of inflation in the Weimar Republic. First the development of wages will be presented in the context of cost of living. To investigate the question of tariff autonomy in the inflation period it is of special interest to analyze the usage of arbitration instruments by unions, management and the state. Another central subject of this study is the fundamental position concerning the question of the design of important relations. Two themes are in the focus of interest; the ideas of the further refinement of the collective bargaining principle and the arbitration of labor disputes. Especially concerning tariff autonomy legal positions were developed during the inflation years which had an important impact on the discussion about tariff autonomy during the entire period the Weimar Republic. Data tables in HISTAT: A.1 Development of cost of living: Index of the statistical office of the German Empire (1920-1923) A.2 Index of average real weekly wages per collective agreement Index (1913-1923) A.3 Real weekly and real hourly wages of unskilled and skilled workers (1919-1923) A.4 Strikes and lockouts (1918-1924) A.5 Number of collective agreements (1918-1929) Der Beitrag von Jürgen Nautz widment sich ausgewählten Aspekten zum Problembereich der Tarifautonomie und der Lohnentwicklung in der Zeit der Inflationsjahre während der Weimarer Republik. Als erstes wird die Entwicklung der Löhne auf dem Hintergrund der Lebenshaltungskosten dargestellt. Für die Frage nach dem Zustand der Tarifautonomie in der Inflationsphase ist die Handhabung des Schlichtungsinstrumentariums durch die Tarifparteien und den Staat von besonderem Interesse. Ein zentraler Gegenstand dieses Beitrages ist auch die Darstellung der grundsätzlichen Positionen in der Frage der Gestaltung der industriellen Beziehungen. Dabei stehen zwei Topoi im Mittelpunkt des Interesses: die Vorstellungen von der weiteren Ausgestaltung des Tarifvertragsprinzips und der Schlichtung von Arbeitsstreitigkeiten. Gerade in der Frage der Tarifautonomie sind in den Inflationsjahren Rechtspositionen entwickelt worden, die prägend waren für die Diskussion der Tarifautonomie während der gesamten Phase der Weimarer Republik. Datentabellen in HISTAT: A.1 Entwicklung der Lebenshaltungskosten: Index des Statistischen Reichsamts (1920-1923) A.2 Index der durchschnittlichen Realwochenlöhne je Tarifvertrag (1913-1923) A.3 Realwochen- und Realstundenlohnsätze ungelernter und gelernter Arbeiter (1919-1923) A.4 Streiks und Aussperrungen (1918-1924) A.5 Zahl der Tarifverträge (1918-1929) Quellen: Daten aus der Forschungsliteratur. Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, Jg. 1914 – 1933.

Ukraine Population Distribution: with Avg Income per Capita: Under 1920 UAH data was reported at 6.900 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 18.400 % for 2016. Ukraine Population Distribution: with Avg Income per Capita: Under 1920 UAH data is updated yearly, averaging 53.150 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2017, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 78.100 % in 2010 and a record low of 6.900 % in 2017. Ukraine Population Distribution: with Avg Income per Capita: Under 1920 UAH data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ukraine – Table UA.H009: Household Income and Expenditure: Annual.

In 1900, the Pennsylvania Railroad, the largest non-government employer at the time, introduced an innovative pension system. Most railroad employees were entitled to a pension based on their average earnings in the previous ten years and the length of their service. Retirement was mandatory at age 70, but workers in ill health could retire after age 65 with the approval of their supervisors. The Pennsylvania Railroad pension became a model for other railroads and large companies. These data describe the first twenty years of the pension. Information about almost ten thousand retirees was collected from the reports of the Pennsylvania Railroad Board for the Eastern Lines from 1900 to 1920. The data include names, occupations, average earnings, pension allowances, type of retirement (mandatory at age 70 or by request of the retiree or his supervisor), ages, years of service, and dates of retirement and death. The retirees are almost all male and white. Occupations were segregated by race and sex, and the Pension Board intentionally excluded dining car workers, who were predominantly Black. During the first six years of the pension, average earnings were computed by assuming full time employment, but the Pension Board began using actual earnings in 1906. To study the effect of this change, the Pension Board’s reports included both actual and full-time earnings for employees who retired from 1906 to 1908. Data were transcribed from Pennsylvania Railroad. (1900-1920). Annual Reports. Pension Board. Pennsylvania Railroad Records, (Series 9: Pension Department, 1899-1958). Urban Archives Center. Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia PA.

In 1900, the Pennsylvania Railroad, the largest non-government employer of at the time, introduced an new pension system of mandatory retirement for all employees over 70 from vice presidents to crossing guards. Workers in ill health could retire after age 65 with the approval of their supervisors. The rules were that the amount of a worker’s pension was one percent of their average earnings in the previous ten years times the length of their service. The Pennsylvania Railroad pension became a model for other railroads and large companies. These data describe the first twenty years of the pension. Information about almost ten thousand retirees was collected from the reports of the Pennsylvania Railroad Board for the Eastern Lines from 1900 to 1920. The data include names, occupations, average earnings, pension allowances, type of retirement (mandatory at age 70 or by request of the retiree or his supervisor), ages, years of service, and dates of retirement and death. The retirees are almost all male and white. The Pension Board intentionally excluded dining car workers, who were predominantly Black. During the first six years of the pension, average earnings were computed by assuming full time employment, but the Pension Board began using actual earnings in 1906. To study the effect of this change, the Pension Board’s reports included both actual and full-time earnings for employees who retired from 1906 to 1908.

In this studiy a compilation of the average earnings growth rates since 1850 on the basis of different sources is given: the yearly growth-rates of average work-income from 1850 to 1951 (according to Walther G. Hoffmann), the growth rate of average gross compensation, growth rate of gross hourly earnings of industrial workers, growth rate of gross earnings ( according to D. Schewe/K. Nordhorn, H.J. Müller und R. Skiba). Topics Timeseries available via the downloadsystem HISTAT: A.1 Die Wachstumsrate der Lohneinkommen im Deutschen Reich und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1850-1959) B.1 Die Entwicklung der Wachstumsrate des durchschnittlichen Lohneinkommens im Deutschen Reich und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1917-1967) B.2 Wachstumsrate der Lohneinkommen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1951-1968) In der Studie werden aus verschiedenen Quellen die Wachstumsraten des Durchschnittslohns seit 1850 dargestellt, und zwar - die Wachstumsrate des jährlichen durchschnittlichen Arbeitseinkommens von 1850 bis 1951 (nach Walther G. Hoffmann), - die Wachstumsrate der durchschnittlichen Bruttoarbeitsentgelte nach der Sozialversicherung, - die Wachstumsrate der Brutto-Stundenverdienste der Industriearbeiter und - die Wachstumsrate des durchschnittlichen Lohneinkommens (nach D. Schewe/K. Nordhorn, H.J. Müller und R. Skiba). Die auf der Hoffmannschen Untersuchung fußende Berechnung der Wachstumsrate des durchschnittlichen Lohneinkommens lässt für die Zeit vor 1870 keinen durchgehenden langfristigen Trend erkennen. In den fünfziger Jahren zeigt sich ein deutlicher Anstieg auf fast 4%. Besonders starke Schwankungen nach oben und nach unten ergeben sich in den siebziger Jahren. Mit Beginn der achtziger Jahre setzt dann ein langfristig ansteigender Trend ein. Zwischen 1930 und 1935 weist die Lohnwachstumsrate negative Werte auf. In der Zeit von 1920 bis 1967 kann ein langfristig steigender Trend der Lohnwachstumsrate von der Mitte der dreißiger Jahre bis 1967 festgestellt werden (sieht man einmal von der Krisenzeit um 1930 und die ersten 6 Jahre nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ab). In dieser Zeit ist die Lohnwachstumsrate von rund 5% auf rund 8% gestiegen. Die durchschnittliche Wachstumsrate ab 1951 liegt bei rund 7,5%. Themen Daten im Recherche- und Downloadsystem HISTAT: A.1 Die Wachstumsrate der Lohneinkommen im Deutschen Reich und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1850-1959) B.1 Die Entwicklung der Wachstumsrate des durchschnittlichen Lohneinkommens im Deutschen Reich und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1917-1967) B.2 Wachstumsrate der Lohneinkommen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1951-1968)

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