Abstract

The Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Complete Count Data include more than 650 million individual-level and 7.5 million household-level records. The microdata are the result of collaboration between IPUMS and the nation’s two largest genealogical organizations—Ancestry.com and FamilySearch—and provides the largest and richest source of individual level and household data.

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Documentation

This dataset was created on 2020-01-10 22:52:11.461 by merging multiple datasets together. The source datasets for this version were:

IPUMS 1930 households: This dataset includes all households from the 1930 US census.

IPUMS 1930 persons: This dataset includes all individuals from the 1930 US census.

IPUMS 1930 Lookup: This dataset includes variable names, variable labels, variable values, and corresponding variable value labels for the IPUMS 1930 datasets.

Section 2

Historic data are scarce and often only exists in aggregate tables. The key advantage of historic US census data is the availability of individual and household level characteristics that researchers can tabulate in ways that benefits their specific research questions. The data contain demographic variables, economic variables, migration variables and family variables. Within households, it is possible to create relational data as all relations between household members are known. For example, having data on the mother and her children in a household enables researchers to calculate the mother’s age at birth. Another advantage of the Complete Count data is the possibility to follow individuals over time using a historical identifier.

In sum: the historic US census data are a unique source for research on social and economic change and can provide population health researchers with information about social and economic determinants.Historic data are scarce and often only exists in aggregate tables. The key advantage of historic US census data is the availability of individual and household level characteristics that researchers can tabulate in ways that benefits their specific research questions. The data contain demographic variables, economic variables, migration variables and family variables. Within households, it is possible to create relational data as all relations between household members are known. For example, having data on the mother and her children in a household enables researchers to calculate the mother’s age at birth. Another advantage of the Complete Count data is the possibility to follow individuals over time using a historical identifier. In sum: the historic US census data are a unique source for research on social and economic change and can provide population health researchers with information about social and economic determinants.

The historic US 1930 census data was collected in April 1930. Enumerators collected data traveling to households and counting the residents who regularly slept at the household. Individuals lacking permanent housing were counted as residents of the place where they were when the data was collected. Household members absent on the day of data collected were either listed to the household with the help of other household members or were scheduled for the last census subdivision.

Notes

• We provide IPUMS household and person data separately so that it is convenient to explore the descriptive statistics on each level. In order to obtain a full dataset, merge the household and person on the variables SERIAL and SERIALP. In order to create a longitudinal dataset, merge datasets on the variable HISTID.

• Households with more than 60 people in the original data were broken up for processing purposes. Every person in the large households are considered to be in their own household. The original large households can be identified using the variable SPLIT, reconstructed using the variable SPLITHID, and the original count is found in the variable SPLITNUM.

• Coded variables derived from string variables are still in progress. These variables include: occupation and industry.

• Missing observations have been allocated and some inconsistencies have been edited for the following variables: SPEAKENG, YRIMMIG, CITIZEN, AGEMARR, AGE, BPL, MBPL, FBPL, LIT, SCHOOL, OWNERSHP, FARM, EMPSTAT, OCC1950, IND1950, MTONGUE, MARST, RACE, SEX, RELATE, CLASSWKR. The flag variables indicating an allocated observation for the associated variables can be included in your extract by clicking the ‘Select data quality flags’ box on the extract summary page.

• Most inconsistent information was not edite

This dataset includes all individuals from the 1930 US census.

Census Year 1930 Census Tracts. The dataset contains polygons representing CY 1930 census tracts, created as part of the D.C. Geographic Information System (DC GIS) for the D.C. Office of the Chief Technology Officer (OCTO) and participating D.C. government agencies. Census tracts were identified from maps provided by the U.S. Census Bureau and the D.C. Office of Planning. The tract polygons were created by selecting street arcs from the WGIS planimetric street centerlines. Where necessary, polygons were also heads-up digitized from 1995/1999 orthophotographs. METADATA CONTENT IS IN PROCESS OF VALIDATION AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE.

This dataset includes all households from the 1930 US census.

The Census Tree is the largest-ever database of record links among the historical U.S. censuses, with over 700 million links for people living in the United States between 1850 and 1940. These links allow researchers to construct a longitudinal dataset that is highly representative of the population, and that includes women, Black Americans, and other under-represented populations at unprecedented rates. Each .csv file consists of a crosswalk between the two years indicated in the filename, using the IPUMS histids. For more information, consult the included Read Me file, and visit https://censustree.org.

This map depicts US Census data from the 1930 decennial census for total population and race

This is the shapefile of the mapped 1930 census data for Austin, Texas.

This dataset includes variable names, variable labels, variable values, and corresponding variable value labels for the IPUMS 1930 datasets.

This dataset contains data on population by sex and age on the basis of the results of the Census Data of Latvia, which was carried out on 24 February 1930. Dataset "Latvian Population by Sex and Age in 1930 Census Data" was published implementing project "Historical Sociology of Modern Restorations: a Cross-Time Comparative Study of Post-Communist Transformation in the Baltic States" from 2018 to 2022. Project leader is prof. Zenonas Norkus. Project is funded by the European Social Fund according to the activity "Improvement of researchers' qualification by implementing world-class R&D projects' of Measure No. 09.3.3-LMT-K-712".

The 1930 census. Classification of the population of the various congregations, the groups of municipalities, the provinces and the Empire by gender and age classes. The data are derived from Part 2, Table I. Data available for: 1930 Status of the figures: The data in this table are final. Changes as of 1 June 2018: None, this table has been discontinued.

When are new figures coming?

No longer applicable.The 1930 census.

Classification of the population of the various congregations, the groups of municipalities, the provinces and the Empire by gender and age classes.

The data are derived from Part 2, Table I.

Data available for:1930

Status of the figures: The data in this table are final.

Changes as of 1 June 2018:

None, this table has been discontinued.

When are new figures coming?

No longer applicable.

Census 1930. Number of households. The data is taken from Part 2, Table III. Data available for: 1930 Status of the figures: The data in this table are final. Changes as of June 4, 2018: None, this table has been discontinued. When will new numbers come out? Not applicable anymore.

This boundary file contains historic county boundaries for which the U.S. Census Bureau tabulated data and was produced by the Minnesota Population Center as part of the National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) project. The NHGIS is an National Science Foundation-sponsored project (Grant No. BCS0094908) to create a digital spatial-temporal database of all available historical US aggregate census materials. The available shapefiles on the NHGIS site represent version 1.0 of historical US county boundary files for the 1790 to 2000 censuses. These electronic county boundary files were created by referencing a wide variety of sources and considerable care was taken during their production. U.S. Census Bureau TIGER/Line Census 2000 files provided the 1990 and 2000 county boundaries and the roads, hydrography, and public land survey lines required to construct historic county boundaries. Locations of historic county boundaries were derived from William Thorndale and William Dollarhide's Map Guide to the U.S. Federal Censuses (1987), various volumes of John H. Long's Atlas of Historical County Boundaries, the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries website (http://www.newberry.org/ahcbp/), and other state-specific sources. TIGER/Line spatial features that corresponded to boundaries in these sources were used to construct the proper historic boundaries. When a TIGER/Line feature was not available, we digitized the historic boundary from one of the map sources. Aggregate data from Michael Haines' Historical Demographic, Economic and Social Data: The United States, 1790-1970 (2001) and Richard Forstall's Population of States and Counties of the United States: 1790 to 1990 (1996) were used to determine whether a county was enumerated during a given census. If a county was not enumerated, notes from those sources were used to attach the county in question to the county with which it was enumerated. If a county was not enumerated and the notes provide no details, the county was considered 'unattached' and it was merged with other unattached land within the state or territory.

This data collection contains information about total population and total number of professionally employed within the principal occupational groups agriculture and subsidiary industry, industry and craft, commerce and shipping, public service and independent professions, domestic work, and former professionally employed, and also within subgroups of these principal groups.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2020; generated by CCRPC staff; using 2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer; https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2021/geo/demographicmapviewer.html; (18 August 2021); U.S. Census Bureau; Census 2000, Summary File 1, Table DP-1; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; http://factfinder2.census.gov; (30 December 2015). U.S. Census Bureau; Census 2010, Summary File 1, Table P1; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; http://factfinder2.census.gov; (30 December 2015). U.S. Census Bureau; 1980 Census of Population, Volume 1: Characteristics of the Population, Chapter A: Number of Inhabitants, Part 15: Illinois, PC80-1-A15, Table 2, Land Area and Population: 1930-1980. U.S. Census Bureau; Fourteenth Census of the United States; State Compendium Illinois, Table 1. - Area and Population of Counties: 1850 to 1920; https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1924/dec/state-compendium.html; (23 August 2018).

Census 1930. Distribution of the population of the various municipalities, groups of municipalities, provinces and the State according to gender and religious denomination. The data are taken from part 3, table I. Data available for: 1930 Status of the figures: The data in this table are final. Changes as of June 1, 2018: None, this table has been discontinued. When will new numbers come out? Not applicable anymore.

PERIOD: 1930. SOURCE: [Survey by the Statistics Bureau, Imperial Cabinet].

PLURAL (Place-level urban-rural indices) is a framework to create continuous classifications of "rurality" or "urbanness" based on the spatial configuration of populated places. PLURAL makes use of the concept of "remoteness" to characterize the level of spatial isolation of a populated place with respect to its neighbors. There are two implementations of PLURAL, including (a) PLURAL-1, based on distances to the nearest places of user-specified population classes, and (b) PLURAL-2, based on neighborhood characterization derived from spatial networks. PLURAL requires simplistic input data, i.e., the coordinates (x,y) and population p of populated places (villages, towns, cities) in a given point in time. Due to its simplistic input, the PLURAL rural-urban classification scheme can be applied to historical data, as well as to data from data-scarce settings. Using the PLURAL framework, we created place-level rural-urban indices for the conterminous United States from 1930 to 2018. Rural-urban classifications are essential for analyzing geographic, demographic, environmental, and social processes across the rural-urban continuum. Most existing classifications are, however, only available at relatively aggregated spatial scales, such as at the county scale in the United States. The absence of rurality or urbanness measures at high spatial resolution poses significant problems when the process of interest is highly localized, as with the incorporation of rural towns and villages into encroaching metropolitan areas. Moreover, existing rural-urban classifications are often inconsistent over time, or require complex, multi-source input data (e.g., remote sensing observations or road network data), thus, prohibiting the longitudinal analysis of rural-urban dynamics. We developed a set of distance- and spatial-network-based methods for consistently estimating the remoteness and rurality of places at fine spatial resolution, over long periods of time. Based on these methods, we constructed indices of urbanness for 30,000 places in the United States from 1930 to 2018. We call these indices the place-level urban-rural index (PLURAL), enabling long-term, fine-grained analyses of urban and rural change in the United States. The method paper has been peer-reviewed and is published in "Landscape and Urban Planning". The PLURAL indices from 1930 to 2018 are available as CSV files, and as point-based geospatial vector data (.SHP). Moreover, we provide animated GIF files illustrating the spatio-temporal variation of the different variants of the PLURAL indices, illustrating the dynamics of the rural-urban continuum in the United States from 1930 to 2018. Apply the PLURAL rural-urban classification to your own data: Python code is fully open source and available at https://github.com/johannesuhl/plural. Data sources: Place-level population counts (1980-2010) and place locations 1930 - 2018 were obtained from IPUMS NHGIS, (University of Minnesota, www.nhgis.org; Manson et al. 2022). Place-level population counts 1930-1970 were digitized from historical census records (U.S. Census Bureau 1942, 1964). References: Uhl, J.H., Hunter, L.M., Leyk, S., Connor, D.S., Nieves, J.J., Hester, C., Talbot, C. and Gutmann, M., 2023. Place-level urban–rural indices for the United States from 1930 to 2018. Landscape and Urban Planning, 236, p.104762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104762 Steven Manson, Jonathan Schroeder, David Van Riper, Tracy Kugler, and Steven Ruggles. IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 16.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS. 2021. http://doi.org/10.18128/D050.V16.0 U.S. Census Bureau (1942). U.S. Census of Population: 1940. Vol. I, Number of Inhabitants. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. U.S. Census Bureau (1964). U.S. Census of Population: 1960. Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population. Part I, United States Summary. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

The 1930 census. Local division of each municipality and recapitulation into totals for the 11 provinces, the 9 groups of municipalities and the Empire, with reference to the situation on 31 December 1930, for each part of each municipality, of the names and purpose of the foundations and institutions, of the population, divided by sex, living in foundations and institutions, dwellings, ships and chariots.

The data are derived from Part 1, Tables I and II.

Data available for: 1930

Status of the figures: The data in this table are final.

Changes as of 1 June 2018: None, this table has been discontinued.

When are new figures coming? No longer applicable.

United States Department of Commerce.

This data collection contains information relating to the historical censuses of the United States that make up the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) disseminated through the Minnesota Population Center at the University of Minnesota. Drawn from original census enumeration forms, the data collections in this series include samples of the American population taken from the censuses of 1850 to 1990 (excluding 1890 and 1930). Data files comprise both individual and household records and include information on a broad range of population characteristics, including fertility, nuptiality, life-course transitions, immigration, internal migration, labor-force participation, occupational structure, education, ethnicity, and household composition. Also available is IPUMS-International, a preliminary database describing 48 million persons in six countries: Colombia, France, Kenya, Mexico, United States, and Vietnam. Information about the IPUMS-International samples and variables, and other supporting documentation, are available on the IPUMS website, but researchers must apply for access to the data. (Source: ICPSR, retrieved 06/29/2011)