This data collection contains a stratified 1-percent sample of households, with separate records for each household, each "sample line" respondent, and each person in the household. These records were encoded from microfilm copies of original handwritten enumeration schedules from the 1950 Census of Population. Geographic identification of the location of the sampled households includes Census regions and divisions, states (except Alaska and Hawaii), Standard Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), and State Economic Areas (SEAs). The data collection was constructed from and consists of 20 independently-drawn subsamples stored in 20 discrete physical files. The 1950 Census had both a complete-count and a sample component. Individuals selected for the sample component were asked a set of additional questions. Only households with a sample line person were included in the 1950 Public Use Microdata Sample. The collection also contains records of group quarters members who were also on the Census sample line. Each household record contains variables describing the location and composition of the household. The sample line records contain variables describing demographic characteristics such as nativity, marital status, number of children, veteran status, education, income, and occupation. The person records contain demographic variables such as nativity, marital status, family membership, and occupation. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR at https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08251.v1. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

This data collection and its 1940 counterpart were assembled through a collaborative effort between the United States Bureau of the Census and the Center for Demography and Ecology of the University of Wisconsin. The 1940 and 1950 Census Public Use Sample Project was supported by The National Science Foundation under Grant SES-7704135. The collections contain a stratified 1-percent sample of households, with separate records for each household, for each \'sample line\' respondent, and for each person in the household. These records were encoded from microfilm copies of original handwritten enumeration schedules from the 1940 and 1950 Censuses of Population. The universe for the sample included all persons and households within the United States. Geographic identification of the location of the sampled households includes Census regions and divisions, States (except Alaska and Hawaii), Standard Metropolitan Areas (SMA\'s), and State Economic Areas (SEA\'s). The SMA\'s and SEA\'s are comparable for both the 1940 and 1950 Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS). The data collections were constructed from and consist of 20 independently-drawn subsamples stored in 20 discrete physical files. Each of the 20 subsamples contains three record types (household, \'sample line\', and person). Both collections had both a complete-count and a sample component. Individuals selected for the sample component were asked a set of additional questions. Only households with a \'sample line\' person were included in the public use microdata sample. The collections also contain records of group quarters members who were also on the Census \'sample line\'. For the 1940 and 1950 collections, each household record contains variables describing the location and composition of the household. The \'sample line\' records for 1950 contain variables describing demographic characteristics such as nativity, marital status, number of children, veteran status, education, income, and occupation. The person records for 1950 contain such demographic variables as nativity, marital status, family membership, and occupation. Accompanying the data collections are code books which include an abstract, descriptions of sample design, processing procedures and file structure, a data dictionary (record layout), category code lists, and a glossary. The data collections are arranged by subsample with each subsample stored as a separate physical file of information. The 20 subsamples were selected randomly. Within each of the 20 subsamples, records are sequenced by State. Extracting all of the records for one State entails reading through all of the 20 physical files and selecting that State\'s records from each of the 20 subsamples. Record types are ordered within household (household characteristics first, \'sample line\' next, and person records last). The 1950 collection consists of a total of 2,844,458 data records: 461,130 household records, 461,130 \'sample line\' records, and 1,922,198 person records. Each record type has a logical record length of 133.;

1950 United States Census contains records from Montpelier, Washington, Vermont, USA by United States of America, Bureau of the Census; Washington, D.C.; Seventeenth Census of the United States, 1950; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census, 1790-2007; Record Group Number: 29; Residence Date: 1950; Home in 1950: Montpelier, Washington, Vermont; Roll: 471; Sheet Number: 11; Enumeration District: 12-40 - .

This study was conducted under the auspices of the Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology at the University of Washington. It is a nationally representative sample of the population of the United States in 1900, drawn from the manuscript returns of individuals enumerated in the 1900 United States Census. Household variables include region, state and county of household, size of household, and type and ownership of dwelling. Individual variables for each household member include relationship to head of household, race, sex, age, marital status, number of children, and birthplace. Immigration variables include parents' birthplace, year of immigration and number of years in the United States. Occupation variables include occupation, coded by both the 1900 and 1950 systems, and number of months unemployed. Education variables include number of months in school, whether respondents could read or write a language, and whether they spoke English. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR at https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07825.v1. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

How many households are in the U.S.?

In 2023, there were 131.43 million households in the United States. This is a significant increase from 1960, when there were 52.8 million households in the U.S.

What counts as a household?

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, a household is considered to be all persons living within one housing unit. This includes apartments, houses, or single rooms, and consists of both related and unrelated people living together. For example, two roommates who share a living space but are not related would be considered a household in the eyes of the Census. It should be noted that group living quarters, such as college dorms, are not counted as households in the Census.

Household changes

While the population of the United States has been increasing, the average size of households in the U.S. has decreased since 1960. In 1960, there was an average of 3.33 people per household, but in 2023, this figure had decreased to 2.51 people per household. Additionally, two person households make up the majority of American households, followed closely by single-person households.

Graph and download economic data for Homeownership Rate in the United States (RHORUSQ156N) from Q1 1965 to Q2 2025 about homeownership, housing, rate, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Total Families with Children under 18 Years Old (TTLFMCU) from 1950 to 2024 about 18 years +, family, child, household survey, and USA.

The average American family in 2023 consisted of 3.15 persons. Families in the United States According to the U.S. Census Bureau, a family is a group of two people or more (one of whom is the householder) related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together; all such people (including related subfamily members) are considered as members of one family. As of 2023, the U.S. Census Bureau counted about 84.33 million families in the United States. The average family consisted of 3.15 persons in 2021, down from 3.7 in the 1960s. This is reflected in the decrease of children in family households overall. In 1970, about 56 percent of all family households had children under the age of 18 living in the household. This percentage declined to about 40 percent in 2020. The average size of a family household varies greatly from state to state. The largest average families can be found in Utah, California, and Hawaii, while the smallest families can be found in Wisconsin, Vermont and Maine.

The typical American picture of a family with 2.5 kids might not be as relevant as it once was: In 2023, there was an average of 1.94 children under 18 per family in the United States. This is a decrease from 2.33 children under 18 per family in 1960.

Familial structure in the United States

If there’s one thing the United States is known for, it’s diversity. Whether this is diversity in ethnicity, culture, or family structure, there is something for everyone in the U.S. Two-parent households in the U.S. are declining, and the number of families with no children are increasing. The number of families with children has stayed more or less constant since 2000.

Adoptions in the U.S.

Families in the U.S. don’t necessarily consist of parents and their own biological children. In 2021, around 35,940 children were adopted by married couples, and 13,307 children were adopted by single women.

Graph and download economic data for Total One Parent Families with Children under 18 Years Old with Father (OPFWCUFO) from 1950 to 2024 about 18 years +, under 18 years, family, child, household survey, and USA.

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF ECONOMIC CENSUS IN INDIA

1. GENESIS

A reliable and robust database is the foundation of organized and proper planning. TheCentral Statistics Office (CSO), since its inception, has been instrumental in creation of database forvarious sectors of the economy and its periodic updation so as to meet the requirements of the plannersfor sound and systematic planning both at the macro as well as micro levels. While data requirementsmay be enormous in various sectors, the judicious collection and maintenance of data for varioussectors within the available resource is a challenge. Our economy can broadly be classified into twosectors, namely, Agricultural and Non-Agricultural sectors. Fairly reasonable database exists forAgricultural Sector whereas such data base for Non-Agricultural sector is much desired. Keeping inview the importance of the non-agricultural sector in the economy and non-availability of basic framefor adoption in various sampling techniques for collection of data and estimation of various parameters,conducting Economic Census was felt necessary. With this background, the CSO started EconomicCensus for preparing frame of establishments, particularly the ‘area frame’ which could be used forvarious surveys for collection of detailed data, mainly on non-agricultural sector of the economy.

1. EARLIER ATTEMPTS

Broadly the entire planning period may be divided into two: prior to conduct of the FirstEconomic Census i.e. prior to 1977 and thereafter i.e. after the economic census was carried outperiodically. Efforts to fill up the data gaps for the non-agricultural sector were made right from thebeginning of the First Five Year Plan. The first National Sample Survey (NSS) round (1950-51)covered non-agricultural household establishments as one of its subject themes. Such establishmentswere covered regularly up to the tenth NSS round (1955-56). Subsequently, selected activities weretaken up for survey intermittently in different rounds (14th, 23 rd & 29th rounds). Establishmentschedules were canvassed in 1971 population census. The census of unorganized industrial units wascarried out during 1971 -73. Census of the units falling within the purview of Development Commissioner, Small Scale Industries, was carried out during 1973-74 and a survey on distributivetrade was conducted by some of the States during the Fourth Five-Year Plan period (1969-74). Allsuch efforts made prior to 1977 to collect data on non-agricultural establishments have been partial andsporadic. Area sampling with probability proportional to population were mostly used even to captureestablishments. For a survey of establishments such sample design is not only inefficient but alsoresults in under coverage of desired number of establishments and low reliability of the estimatesderived. The prolonged efforts of statisticians and planners in finding a way out for collection ofinformation on amorphous areas of activity resulted in a decisive breakthrough with the advent ofconduct of Economic Census.

1. ECONOMIC CENSUSES CONDUCTED IN THE PAST

The Economic Enquiry Committee set up in 1925 under the Chairmanship of Dr.Visweswarayya and more importantly the Bowley-Robertson Committee set up later in 1934, were mainly responsible for the government’s decision to set up an Inter-Departmental Committee with theEconomic Adviser to the Government of India as the chairman. The Inter-Departmental Committeerecommended the formation of a Central Statistical Office for coordination, institution of a statisticalcadre, establishment of State Bureaus at State Head Quarters and maintenance of important statisticsfor the entire country. Bowley and Robertson Committee also commissioned a study to explore thepossibility of conducting economic censuses in India. The first coordinated approach was made by theerstwhile Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Government of India, by launching a plan scheme'Economic Census and Surveys' in 1976. The scheme envisaged organising countrywide census of alleconomic activities (excluding those engaged in crop production and plantation) followed by detailedsample surveys of unorganised segments of different sectors of non-agricultural economy in a phasedmanner during the intervening period of two successive economic censuses.The basic purpose of conducting the economic census (EC) was to prepare a frame for followup surveys intended to collect more detailed sector specific information between two economiccensuses. In view of the rapid changes that occur in the unorganised sectors of non-agriculturaleconomy due to high mobility or morbidity of smaller units and also on account of births of new units,the scheme envisaged conducting the economic census periodically in order to update the frame fromtime to time.

1. First Economic Census (EC -1977) and Follow Up Surveys

The First Economic Census was conducted throughout the country, except Lakshadweep,during 1977 in collaboration with the Directorate of Economics & Statistics (DES) in the States/UnionTerritories (UT). The coverage was restricted to only non-agricultural establishments employing atleast one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. Data on items such as description of activity, number ofpersons usually working, type of ownership, etc. were collected.Reports based on the data of EC-1977 at State/UT level and at all India level were published.Tables giving the activity group-wise distribution of establishments with selected characteristics andwith rural and urban break up were generated. State-wise details for major activities and size-class ofemployment in different establishments, inter-alia, were also presented in tables.Based on the frame provided by the First Economic Census, detailed sample surveys werecarried out during 1978-79 and 1979-80 covering the establishments engaged in manufacturing, trade,hotels & restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing and services. While the smaller establishments(employing less than six workers) and own account establishments were covered by National SampleSurvey Organisation (NSSO) as a part of its 33rd and 34th rounds, the larger establishments were covered through separate surveys by the CSO. Detailed information on employment, emoluments,capital structure, quantity & value of input, output, etc. were collected and reports giving all importantcharacteristics on each of the concerned subjects were published.

1. Second Economic Census (EC-1980) and Follow Up Surveys

The Second Economic Census was conducted in 1980 along with the house-listing operations ofPopulation Census 1981. This was done with a view to economizing resources, manpower, time andmoney. The scope and coverage were enlarged. This time all establishments engaged in economicactivities - both agricultural and non-agricultural whether employing any hired worker or not werecovered, except those engaged in crop production and plantation. All States/UTs were covered withthe sole exception of Assam, where Population Census 1981 was not conducted.The information on location of establishment, description of economic activity carried out,nature of operation, type of ownership, social group of owner, use of power/fuel, total number ofworkers usually engaged with its hired component and break-up of male and female workers werecollected. The items on which information were collected in Second Economic Census were more orless the same as those collected in the First Economic Census. However, based on experience gained inthe First Economic Census certain items viz. years of operation, value of annualoutput/turnover/receipt, mixed activity or not, registered/ licensed/recognised and act or authority, ifregistered were dropped.The field work was done by the field staff consisting of enumerators and supervisors employedin the Directorate of Census Operations of each State/UT. The State Directorates of Economics &Statistics (DES) were also associated in the supervision of fieldwork. Data processing and preparationof State level reports of economic census and their publication were carried out by the DES.Based on the frame thrown up by EC-1980, three follow-up surveys were carried out, one in1983-84 on hotels & restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing and services, second in 1984-85 onunorganised manufacturing and third in 1985- 86 on wholesale and retail trade.The economic census scheduled for 1986 could not be carried out due to resource constraints.However, the EC- 1980 frame was updated during 1987-88 in 64 cities (12 cities having more than 10lakh population and 52 other class-I cities) which had problems of identification of enumerationblocks and changes due to rapid urbanization. On the basis of the updated frame, four follow-upsurveys were conducted during 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91 and 1991-92 covering the subjects ofhotels & restaurants and transport, unorganized manufacturing, wholesale & retail trade and medical,educational, cultural & other services respectively.

1. Third Economic Census (EC-1990) and Follow Up Surveys

The Third Economic Census was synchronized with the house listing operations of the Population Census 1991 on the same pattern as EC- 1980. The coverage was similar to that of EC-1980. All States/UTs except Jammu & Kashmir, where Population Census 1991 was not undertaken,were covered.Based on the frame thrown up by EC-1990 four follow up surveys were carried out:(i) Establishment Survey covering sectors of mining & quarrying, storage & warehousingin 1992-93;(ii) Establishment Survey covering sectors of hotels & restaurants and transport in 1993-94;(iii) NSS 51 st round covering directory, non-directory and own account establishments inunregistered manufacturing sector in 1994-95; and(iv) Directory Trade Establishments Survey in 1996-97. NSS 53 rd round covered theresidual part of the unorganised trade sector in 1997.

1. Fourth Economic Census (EC-1998) and Follow up Surveys

Abstract

1. GENESIS

The Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), since its inception, has been instrumental in creation of database for various sectors of the economy and its periodic updation so as to meet the requirements of the planners for sound and systematic planning both at the macro as well as micro level. While data requirements may be enormous in various sectors, the judicious collection and maintenance of data for various sectors within the available resource is a challenge. Our economy can broadly be classified into two sectors namely Agricultural and Non- Agricultural sectors. Fairly reasonable database exists for Agriculture Sector where as such data base for Non-Agricultural sector is much to be desired. Keeping in mind the importance of the non-agriculture sector in the economy and the non-availability of basic frame for adoption in various sampling techniques for collection of data and estimation of various parameters, Economic Census was felt necessary. The Economic Census is a small attempt of the CSO for preparing frame of establishments which could be used for various censuses as well as surveys for collection of detailed data particularly on non-agriculture sector of the economy.

1. EARLIER ATTEMPTS

Broadly the entire planning period may be divided into two, Prior to conduct of the First Economic Census i.e prior to 1976 and thereafter i.e. after the economic census was carried out periodically. Efforts to fill up the data gaps for the non-agricultural sector were made right from the beginning of the First Five Year Plan. The First National Sample Survey (NSS) round (1950-51) covered non-agricultural household establishments as one of its subject themes. Such establishments were covered regularly up to the tenth round (1955-56). Subsequently, selected activities were taken up for survey intermittently in different rounds (14th, 23rd & 29th rounds). Establishment schedules were canvassed in 1971 population census. The census of unorganised industrial units was carried out during 1971-73. Census of the units falling within the purview of Development Commissioner, Small Scale Industries, was carried out during 1973-74 and a survey on distributive trade was conducted by some of the States during the Fourth Five-Year Plan period (1969-74). All such efforts made prior to 1976 to collect data on non-agricultural establishments have been partial and sporadic. Area sampling with probability proportional to population were mostly used even to capture establishments. For a survey of establishments such sample design is not only inefficient but also results in under coverage of desired number of establishments and low reliability of the estimates derived. The prolonged efforts of Statisticians and Planners in finding a way out for collection of information on amorphous areas of activity resulted in a decisive breakthrough with the advent of conduct of Economic Census.

1. ECONOMIC CENSUS

The first coordinated approach was made by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Government of India, by launching a plan scheme 'Economic Census and Surveys' in 1976. The scheme envisaged organising countrywide census of all economic activities (excluding those engaged in crop production and plantation) followed by detailed sample surveys of unorganised segments of different sectors of non-agricultural economy in a phased manner during the intervening period of two successive economic censuses.

The basic purpose of conducting the economic census was to prepare a frame for follow up surveys intended to collect more detailed sector specific information between two economic censuses. In view of the rapid changes that occur in the unorganised sectors of non-agricultural economy due to high mobility or morbidity of smaller units and also on account of births of new units, the scheme envisaged conducting the economic census periodically in order to update the frame from time to time.

1. FIRST ECONOMIC CENSUS (EC -1977) AND FOLLOW UP SURVEYS

The First Economic Census was conducted through-out the country, except Lakshadweep, during 1977 in collaboration with the Directorate of Economics & Statistics (DES) in the States/Union Territories (UT). The coverage was restricted to only nonagricultural establishments employing at least one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. Data on items such as description of activity, number of persons usually working, type of ownership, etc. were collected.

Reports based on the data of EC-1977 at State/UT level and at all India level were published. Tables giving the activity group-wise distribution of establishments with selected characteristics and with rural and urban break up were generated. State-wise details for major activities and size-class of employment, inter-alia, were also presented in tables.

Based on the frame provided by the First Economic Census, detailed sample surveys were carried out during 1978-79 and 1979-80 covering the establishments engaged in manufacturing, trade, hotels & restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing and services. While the smaller establishments (employing less than six workers) and own account establishments were covered by NSSO as part of its 33rd and 34th rounds, the larger establishments were covered through separate surveys. Detailed information on employment, emoluments, capital structure, quantity & value of input, output, etc. were collected and reports giving all important characteristics on each of the concerned subjects were published.

1. SECOND ECONOMIC CENSUS (EC-1980) AND FOLLOW UP SURVEYS

The Second Economic Census was conducted in 1980 along with the house-listing operations of 1981 Population Census. This was done with a view to economizing resources, manpower, time and money. The scope and coverage were enlarged. This time all establishments engaged in economic activities - both agricultural and non-agricultural whether employing any hired worker or not - were covered, except those engaged in crop production and plantation. All States/UTs were covered with the sole exception of Assam, where Population Census, 1981 was not conducted.

The information on location of establishment, description of economic activity carried out, nature of operation, type of ownership, social group of owner, use of power/fuel, total number of workers usually engaged with its hired component and break-up of male and female workers were collected. The items, on which information were collected in Second Economic Census, were more or less the same as those collected in the First Economic Census. However, based on experience gained in the First Economic Census certain items viz. years of operation, value of annual output/turnover/receipt, mixed activity or not, registered/ licensed/recognised and act or authority, if registered were dropped.

The field work was done by the field staff consisting of enumerators and supervisors employed in the Directorate of Census Operations of each State/UT. The State Directorates of Economics & Statistics (DES) were also associated in the supervision of fieldwork. Data processing and preparation of State level reports of economic census and their publication were carried out by the DES.

Based on the frame thrown up by EC-1980, three follow-up surveys were carried out, one in 1983-84 on hotels & restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing and services, second in 1984-85 on unorganised manufacturing and third in 1985-86 on wholesale and retail trade.

The economic census scheduled for 1986 could not be carried out due to resource constraints. However, the EC- 1980 frame was updated during 1987-88 in 64 cities (12 cities having more than 10 lakh population and 52 class-I cities) which had problems of identification of enumeration blocks and changes due to rapid urbanization. On the basis of the updated frame, four follow-up surveys were conducted during 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91 and 1991-92 covering the subjects of hotels & restaurants and transport, unorganized manufacturing, wholesale & retail trade and medical, educational, cultural & other services respectively.

1. THIRD ECONOMIC CENSUS (EC-1990) AND FOLLOW UP SURVEYS

The Third Economic Census was synchronized with the house listing operations of the Population Census 1991 on the same pattern as EC- 1980. The coverage was similar to that of EC-1980. All States/UTs except Jammu & Kashmir, where Population Census 1991 was not undertaken, were covered.

Based on the frame thrown up by EC-1990 four follow up surveys were carried out: (i) Establishment Survey covering sectors of mining & quarrying, storage & warehousing in 1992-93; (ii) Establishment Survey covering sectors of hotels & restaurants and transport in 1993-94; (iii) NSS 51st round covering directory, non-directory and own account establishments in unregistered manufacturing sector in 1994-95 and (iv) Directory Trade Establishments Survey in 1996-97. NSS 53rd round covered the residual part of the unorganised trade sector in 1997.

1. FOURTH ECONOMIC CENSUS (EC-1998) AND FOLLOW UP SURVEYS

With a view to meeting the demand of various user departments for the data on unorganized sectors of the economy and considering the nature of large number of small units which are subjected to high rates of mobility and mortality, it was felt that the economic census must be brought back to quinquennial nature so that an up-to-date frame can be made available once in five years for conducting the follow up surveys. Fourth economic census was planned during 1996. But due to various reasons the scheme could be launched only in 1998.

The overall responsibility for organisation and conduct of the economic census rested with the CSO. The DESs of States/UTs were made responsible for conducting the field work and preparing the report for their respective States/Uts.

Based on the frame thrown up by Economic Census 1998, the

Abstract

The unorganised sector holds the key to understanding the economic situation in developing countries such as India. The importance of this sector had been realised by the Indian planners and policy makers in the 1950s. The need for statistical information about it was also widely recognised. The household-based nonagricultural activities had been covered by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) since 1950. In all the surveys, the relevant activities of a sample of households were covered irrespective of their scale of operations except the manufacturing activities carried out by the enterprises registered under the Factories Act, 1948.

In the early 1970s, at the time of formulation of the Fifth Five Year Plan, the Planning Commission was concerned about the employment and earnings of the self employed in non-agricultural activities. The NSSO therefore devoted the 29th round (1974-75) mainly to a survey of selfemployed own account workers engaged in non-agricultural enterprises in different sectors in rural as well as urban areas. The household enterprises covered by the survey were those operated by own account workers(i.e., those not employing any hired worker) and those household enterprises which did not usually employ more than 5 hired workers. However, units engaged in manufacturing and repairing services registered under Factories Act were excluded from the survey.

The household approach of identifying the units excluded the nonhousehold based units in the unorganised sector. Further, a review of the surveys indicated that a better sampling frame was necessary to generate reasonably useful statistics on unorganised sector. The need for identifying areas with a concentration of enterprises was, therefore, felt for ensuring an efficient sampling for the future surveys. A country-wide economic census, the first of its kind, was undertaken in 1977 under the auspices of the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) to provide a good frame and background information needed for formulating an efficient sampling design.

The scope of the 1977 economic census was limited to non-agricultural enterprises employing at least one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. The enterprises employing at least one hired worker are called 'establishments'. Following this census, small establishments and enterprises not employing any hired worker on a fairly regular basis (these units are called own account enterprises (OAEs)) engaged in manufacturing and repairing activities were surveyed in 33rd round of NSS during 1978-79.

The second economic census was undertaken in 1980 along with the houselisting operations of the 1981 population census. The scope and coverage of the second economic census was enlarged to include the own account enterprises (OAEs) engaged in activities other than crop production and plantation. The establishments were divided into two categories as (i) Directory Establishments (DEs) and (ii) Non-Directory Establishments (NDEs), the difference being that the former employed a total of six or more workers, while the latter employed a total of five or less workers. Thus, in all, three types of enterprises were formed, viz., (i) OAEs, (ii) NDEs and (iii) DEs in the second economic census. As a follow-up to the second economic census, OAEs and NDEs engaged in manufacturing and repairing activities (i.e., OAMEs and NDMEs respectively) were surveyed in the 40th and 45th rounds of NSS during July 1984-June 1985 and July 1989-June 1990 respectively. The Directory Manufacturing Establishments (DMEs) were surveyed during October 1984-September 1985 and October 1989 to September 1990 by field staff of NSSO under the technical guidance of CSO.

A third economic census was conducted in 1990 along with the house listing operations of the 1991 population census. As a follow-up to the third economic census, the first integrated survey on unorganised manufacture covering own account manufacturing and repairing enterprises(OAMEs), Non-Directory manufacturing and repairing establishments (NDMEs) and Directory manufacturing and repairing establishments (DMEs) were undertaken during the 51st round (July 1994-June 1995) under the technical guidance of NSSO.

In the 51st round all manufacturing and repairing enterprises covered by the two-digit codes (called divisions) 20 to 39 and 97 under the revised National Industrial Classification of different economic activities, 1987 (henceforth in this report termed NIC, 1987) were considered for survey purpose. Hereafter, the term enterprises will mean manufacturing and repairing enterprises or establishments as the case may be.

Enterprises which were registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 (i.e., enterprises employing 10 or more workers using power and those employing 20 or more workers without power) and bidi and cigar manufacturing enterprises registered under bidi and cigar workers (condition of employment) Act, 1966 were not covered in this survey. These enterprises, not covered in the 51st round survey, were covered in the Annual Survey of Industries undertaken by CSO.

The 51st round survey of unorganised manufacturing and repairing enterprises covered, in the central sample, the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Ladakh, Kargil, Anantnag, Pulwara, Srinagar, Badgam, Baramulla and Kupwara districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) 768 interior villages of Nagaland (out of a total of 1232 villages) situated beyond five kilometers of the bus route and (iii) 195 villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (out of a total of 549 villages) which remained inaccessible throughout the year. Thus the corresponding State/U.T. level estimates and the All-India results presented in this report are based on the areas other than those left out from the survey coverage.

In the case of central sample, 8214 villages were surveyed in rural areas and 5258 enumeration blocks/Urban-frame survey blocks were surveyed in urban areas (villages/urban blocks with no manufacturing unit surveyed, in spite of having some enterprises in these villages/urban blocks, are excluded from this count). Detailed information was collected from each of the selected enterprises of the sample villages and blocks.

Geographic coverage

NSS 51st round survey covered the whole of the Indian Union excepting (i) Ladakh, Kargil, Anantanag, Pulwama, Srinagar, Badgam, Baramula and Kupwara districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 Kms. of a bus route and (iii) villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands remaining inaccessible throughout the year (the areas left out from the survey coverage had a share of about 0.62 per cent in the total population of the country). Thus the corresponding state/u.t. level estimates and the all-India results presented in the report are based on the areas other than those left out from the survey coverage.

Analysis unit

• Enterprise
• Household

Universe

All manufacturing and repairing enterprises covered by the two-digit codes (called divisions) 20 to 39 and 97 under the revised National Industrial Classification of different economic activities, 1987 were considered for survey purpose.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In 51st round the total number of villages and blocks surveyed at the national level was 13690 for the central sample. These samples were classified into two categories as "Sample-1" and "Sample-2" in both rural and urban areas. The samples of sample-1 were distributed over the four sub-rounds in equal numbers, whereas for sample-2, there was no sub-round restriction. The survey period of 51st round was July 1994 - June 1995.

A stratified two-stage sampling design was adopted. The first stage units (FSUs) were the villages (panchayat wards in Kerala) in rural areas and urban blocks in urban areas. In particular, for the urban areas, enumeration blocks (EBs) were taken as FSUs where 1990 economic census (EC -90) frame was used and NSSO urban frame survey (UFS) blocks otherwise. The second stage units (SSUs) were the manufacturing and repairing enterprises in the selected FSUs. 2 Allocation of sample FSUs between rural and urban areas State/UT level total sample size (i.e.,total number of villages and blocks to be surveyed) was allocated between rural and urban areas in proportion to population as per 1991 population census with double weightage to the urban areas. The total sample size for both rural and urban areas, as mentioned above, was equally divided into two sample types, namely Sample-1 and Sample-2.

Sampling frame: For rural areas, list of villages showing number of OAMEs, NDMEs and DMEs as per 1990 economic census was used as the sampling frame for selection of FSUs, for both the sample types, in different States/UTs except Jammu & Kashmir(J & K), Arunachal Pradesh and Nicobar district of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. For the state of Kerala, however, list of Panchayat wards, giving count of OAMEs, NDMEs and DMEs at panchayat level as per 1990 economic census, was used. For Jammu & Kashmir, list of 1981 population census villages, while for Nicobar district of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, list of 1991 population census villages was used. In Arunachal Pradesh, list of villages as per 1991 population census was used as the sampling frame for selection of sample "nucleus" villages around which clusters were formed. In urban areas, list of EBs as per 1990 economic census constituted the sampling frame for Class 1 towns (except in Jammu & Kashmir) of sample type 1 and for all towns (except J & K) of sample type 2. The list of UFS blocks was used as the sampling frame for all towns of Jammu & Kashmir and other than class 1 towns of the other states for sample type 1, and for all towns

For 75 parts of town of greater Berlin election results of the city representative elections of 1929, the Reichstag elections of 1930 and 1932 (November), the city representatives elections of 1946 as well as census data on population status, religious denomination and sex of 1933 and 1946. For 40 West Berlin parts of town election results of the city representatives elections of 1948 and the House of Representatives elections of 1950, 1954, 1958 and 1963, as well as census data of 1950 on population status, religious denomination, sex, age, occupation and number of residences.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been set up by the Government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. The NSSO conducts regular consumer expenditure surveys as part of its "rounds", each round being normally of a year's duration and covering more than one subject of study. The surveys are conducted through household interviews, using a random sample of households covering practically the entire geographical area of the country. Surveys on consumer expenditure are being conducted quinquennially on a large sample of households from the 27th round (October 1972 - September 1973) onwards. The fourth quinquennial survey on household consumer expenditure was carried out during July 1987 - June 1988. The three previous surveys of this series were carries out in the 27th (October-September 1973) , the 32nd (July 1977 to June 1978) and the 38th (January to December , 1983) rounds of the NSSO. The present survey like the previous one, covered the entire population. Expenditure incurred by the sample household for the purpose of domestic consumption were collected for the 30 days preceding the date of survey. No account has, however, been taken of any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the household. It may be mentioned here that in order to get more households of the upper income bracket in the Sample , significant changes have been made in the sample design in this round (compared to the design of the 38th round). The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting: i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

The field work for the survey was conducted, as usual, by the Field Operations Division of the Organisation. The collected data were processed by the Data Processing Division of NSSO and tabulated by the Computer Centre of Department of Statistics. The reports have been prepared by Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD) of NSSO under the guidance of the Governing Council, NSSO.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting: i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey will have a two-stage stratified design. The first stage units (f.s.u.s) or villages in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The second stage units are households in both the sectors.

Sampling frame for f.s.u.'s: The lists of 1981 census villages constitute the sampling frame for rural sector in most districts. But the 1981 census frame could not be used for a few districts because, either the 1981 census was not held there or the list of 1981 census villages could not be obtained or the lists obtained from the census authorities were found to be grossly incomplete. In such cases 1971 census frame have been used. In the urban sector , the Urban Frame Survey (U.F.S.) blocks constitute the sampling frame.

Stratification: States are first divided into agro-economic regions which are groups of contiguous districts, similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation In consideration of the location of dry areas and the distribution of the tribal population in the state.

RURAL SECTOR: In the rural sector, within each region, each district with 1981 Census rural population less 1.8 million forms a single stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, depending on population, by grouping contiguous tehsils similar, as for as possible, in respect of rural population Density and crop pattern. (In Gujarat, however, in the case of districts extending over more than one region, even if the rural population was less than 1.8 million, the portion of a district falling in each region constituted a separate stratum. Further, in Assam the old "basic strata" formed on the basis of 1971 census rural population exactly in the above manner, but with cut-off population as 1.5 million have been retained as the strata for rural sampling).

URBAN SECTOR: In the urban sector, strata are formed, again within NSS region, on the basis of the population size class of towns. Each city with population 10 lakhs or more is self-representative, as in the earlier rounds. For the purpose of stratification, in towns with 1981 census population 4 lakhs or more , the blocks have been divided into two categories, viz. - One consisting of blocks in areas inhabited by the relatively affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks.

Allocation for first stage units: The total all-India sample size has been allocated to the states /U.T.'s proportionate to the strength of central field staff. This was allocated to the rural and urban sectors considering the relative size of the rural and urban population. Now the rural samples were allocated to the rural strata in proportion to rural population. The urban samples were allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population with double weight age given to those strata of towns with population 4 lakhs or more which lie in area inhabited by the relatively affluent section.

Selection of f.s.u.'s: The sample villages have been selected circular systematically with probability proportional to population in the form of two independent interpenetrating sub-samples (IPNS). The sample blocks have been selected circular systematically with equal probability, also in the form of two IPNS's.

Sample size (central sample): The all India sample in respect of the central sample consists of 8518 villages and 4648 blocks.

Sample size (state sample): All the states and Union Territories except Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep are participating in this round at least on an equal matching basis.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The NSSO surveys on consumer expenditure aim to measure the household consumer expenditure in quantitative terms disaggregated by various household characteristics.

The data for this survey is collected in the NSS Schedule 1.0 used for household consumer expenditure. For this round, the schedule had 11 blocks.

Blocks 1 and 2 - are similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.

Block-3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed and cultivated, type of dwelling etc. are recorded in this block.

Block-4: In this block the detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level, marital status, number of meals usually taken in a day etc. are recorded.

Block-5: In this block cash purchase and consumption of food, pan, tobacco, intoxicants and fuel & light during the last 30 days are recorded.

Block-6: Consumption of clothing during the last 30 and 365 days is recorded in this block.

Block-7: Consumption of footwear during the last 30 and 365 days is recorded in this block.

Block-8 : Expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services and rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block-9 : Expenditure for purchase and construction (including repairs) of durable goods for domestic use is recorded here.

Block-10 : Particulars of dwelling units are recorded in this block.

Block-11 : Summary of consumer expenditure during last 30 days is recorded in this block.

Abstract

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), on behalf of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD), conducted the Uganda Rural- Urban Electrification (URUE) Survey in 2012. The survey covered 111 districts of Uganda and the Kampala Capital City Authority as at 2012.

The main objective of the URUE Survey 2012 was to verify and update the existing data on electrification levels as well as to provide baseline indicators for the different socio-economic sectors in the country to support future planning and reporting.

The findings related to energy sources, reliability of these energy sources, incomes and expenditures and energy efficiency levels at the National and Regional levels for the Household, Business, Education and Health sectors are therefore presented.

The survey covered the following energy sources: Electricity (Solar, Grid, Off-Grid and Generator sets), Diesel, Petrol, Paraffin, Gas, Battery, Charcoal, Firewood, Bagasse, Sawdust. However, only detailed analysis of major energy sources is presented. These are Grid Electricity, Solar and Generator Power. Furthermore, access to power from those sources at the Household, Business, Education and Health. The Spatial Geo-Reference findings and the Predictive Model presentations are presented separately.

A nationally representative sample of Households, Business establishments, Education and Health institutions were selected to allow separate estimates at the National level, Rural and Urban areas.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered 111 districts of Uganda and the Kampala Capital City Authority as at 2012.

Analysis unit

Households, businesses and institutions.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Uganda Rural-Urban Electrification (URUE) Survey 2012 was conducted using a two-stage sampling design. The first stage involved the sampling of the Enumeration Areas (EAs). The EAs were categorized by district into 17 groupings in line with the statistical sub-strata (strata), based on areas with similar socio-economic characteristics. After the grouping, Primary Sampling Units i.e. EAs were drawn from each stratum using Probability Proportion to Size (PPS). At the second stage, the households, the Ultimate Sampling Units were drawn using Systematic Sampling. A total of 1,000 EAs representing the general household population were selected using the Uganda Population and Housing Census Frame for 2002. Ten households were sampled from each EA. Overall, 10,000 households were covered in the survey.

The sampling frame for selecting establishments was the 2010/11 Census of Business Establishments (COBE). The focus was on all businesses irrespective of the number of employees and it covered the following sectors: Agriculture, Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Construction, Trade, Hotels and Restaurants, Finance and Banking, Insurance, Transport, Posts and Telecommunications, Real Estate and Business Services, Community, Social and Personal Services. The sample was drawn from a population of 447,500 businesses and out of this 94 percent employed less than 5 persons while only 6 percent employed at least 5 persons. The sample size was 1500 and a provision of 30 percent was made for non-response such that the sample was increased by 450 to 1,950. To allocate the sample size of 1,950, the population was stratified by Industry and by the 17 statistical regions and the businesses within each stratum were also determined using PPS.

The sample design for Health institutions followed the same design used for the selection of Business establishments.

The survey used the Ministry of Education and Sports (MOES)list of educational institutions, 2012 as a sampling frame. The sample was further broken down into Pre-Primary schools, Primary schools, Secondary schools, Technical and Vocational institutions, Higher Education institutions and Other institutions. According to the census undertaken by the MOES, there were about 20,000 Primary and Secondary schools in the country. A sample of 637 schools was drawn. Of those, 508 were Primary while 92 were Secondary schools. In addition, a sample of 37 Pre-primary, Vocational and Higher Institutions was drawn from the Census of Business Establishment (COBE) register.

Sampling deviation

Sample deviation mainly resulted from out migration and also non-coverage of two EAs (located in Kiboga and Kayunga districts).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires were designed for use in the 2012 URUE Survey. These were the Household Questionnaire, the Business questionnaire and the Health and Education Institutions questionnaires.

The Household Survey instruments collected information on General personal and demographic characteristics of household members, Electricity use by household, Solar Energy use in homes, Biomass technology use, Use of thermal generators, Household expenditure on energy, Other energy sources and Preferred energy source.

The Education Questionnaire covered: Institutional background, Electricity use by institution, Grid electricity access, Solar use in schools, Biomass technology use, Use of thermal generators, Expenditure on energy, Other energy sources and Preferred energy source.

The Health Questionnaire collected information on Institutional background, Electricity use by institution, Grid electricity access, Solar use in the facilities, Biomass technology use, Use of thermal generators, Expenditure on energy and Other energy sources.

The Business Establishments Questionnaire collected information on Commercial background, Electricity use by institution, Grid electricity access, Solar use in establishments, Biomass technology use, Use of thermal generators, Expenditure on energy, Other energy sources and Preferred energy source.

Cleaning operations

Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including: a) Office editing and coding b) During data entry c) Structure checking and completeness d) Secondary editing e) Structural checking of Stata data files

Response rate

A total of 10,000 households were sampled out of whom 9314 households were successfully interviewed, accounting for 93.1% response rate. Non-response mainly resulted from out migration and also non-coverage of two EAs (located in Kiboga and Kayunga districts). However, the business establishments had a 67 percent response rate, which was acheived resulting from a total sample of 1950 Business establishments. Education and Health institutions resgistered complete coverage (100 percent) arising from samples of 639 and 130 institutions respectively.

Graph and download economic data for Real Median Family Income in the United States (MEFAINUSA672N) from 1953 to 2023 about family, median, income, real, and USA.