Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Living quarters

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: Yes - Vacant units: No - Households: Yes - Group quarters: Yes - Special populations: No

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Group quarters: Living quarters which is built or converted for living (e.g. house, flat, apartment, shophouse, makeshift hut, hotel, hostels, etc.).

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Malaysia

SAMPLE FRACTION: 2%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 175,997

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Five separate forms constitute the total questionnaire. There was a House Listing Book, a Living Quarters Form, an Agricultural Census Form, a Household Census Form and a Persons Form. For ease of reference those were designated as Forms 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively.

Response rate

UNDERCOUNT: 100%

This documentation has been created by ICPSR for the restricted version of Census 1970 distributed by the Bureau of the Census. The restricted data is based on questions from the long form questionnaire, and was collected from one in six households in the United States. Topics covered include income, ancestry, citizenship status, home values, commute time to work, occupation, education, veteran status, language ability, migration, place of birth, and many others. The documentation available here provides files summaries, variable information, and facilitates sorting of the data by race or by a wide variety of geographical units. ICPSR is not distributing the restricted data, only the documentation for it. Users who wish to access the restricted data can find more information at the Michigan Census Research Data Center Web site. Users should also note that the data for the public versions of Census 1970 are available from ICPSR.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households and Group Quarters

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: No - Vacant units: Yes - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: Yes

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Households: Dwelling places with fewer than five persons unrelated to a household head, excluding institutions and transient quarters. - Group quarters: Institutions, transient quarters, and dwelling places with five or more persons unrelated to a household head.

Universe

Residents of the 50 states (not the outlying areas).

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: 1%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 2,029,666

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

One in five housing units in 1970 received a long form containing supplemental sample questions. There were two versions of the long form, with different inquiries on both housing and population items; 15 percent of households received one version, and 5 percent received the other. Six independent 1 percent public use samples were produced for 1970, three from the 15 percent questionnaire and three from the 5 percent questionnaire. IPUMS-International uses the "Form 2 Metro" sample.

Response rate

UNDERCOUNT: No official estimates

The 1970 Census School District Data Tape (SDDT) User's Guide was designed to complement the 1970 Census User's Guide prepared by the United States Census Bureau. The School District Data Tape (SDDT) created by the National Center for Education Statistics is a recompilation of the 1970 Census Fourth Count Population data, providing data tables for each school district in the country with 300 or more students. The preparation of the School District Data Tape required three major steps: (1) overlaying school district boundaries on census maps, (2) creating a geo-reference tape indicating the percent of each census area falling within each school district, and (3) merging the geo-reference tape with the 1970 Census Fourth Count Population Files A (Traced Areas) and B (Minor Civil Divisions). Some of the major uses of the School District Data Tape include: allocation of federal funds, desegregation planning, bilingual and minority special education planning, preschool and child care planning, facility planning, redistricting, urban-suburban-rural analyses, mobility analysis, social and economic inequality among school districts, and school children profiles. In addition to these uses, most state education agencies will find data by school district of value in allocating federal and state aid to school districts and in the evaluation of the inequality of property taxes as a basis for financing elementary and secondary education. The School District Data Tape matches, as closely as possible, the format of the Fourth Count (Population) Summary tapes supplied by the Census Bureau.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Occupied dwelling

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: No - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: Not identified

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Group quarters: Not defined

Universe

Mexican residents, excluding foreign diplomats; includes Mexican diplomats, military, and sailors, including their families, resident in other countries

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: INEGI. Constructed from a sample of enumeration forms to obtain preliminary results for the census

SAMPLE DESIGN: Systematic sample of every hundredth dwelling, after a random start.

SAMPLE UNIT: Dwellings

SAMPLE FRACTION: 1%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 483,405

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Separate enumeration form for each dwelling

Response rate

UNDERCOUNT: No official estimates

This extraction of data from 1980 decennial Census files (CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1980 UNITED STATES: SUMMARY TAPE FILES 3A AND 3B (ICPSR 8071, 8318)) was designed to provide a set of contextual variables to be matched to any survey dataset that has been coded for the geographic location of respondents, such as the PANEL STUDY OF INCOME DYNAMICS, 1968-1988 (ICPSR 7439). This geographic area data can also be analyzed independently with neighborhoods, labor market areas, etc., as the units of analysis. Over 120 variables were selected from the original Census sources, and more than 100 variables were derived from those component variables. The variables characterize geographic areas in terms of population counts, ethnicity, family structure, income and poverty, education, residential mobility, labor force activity, and housing. The geographic areas range from neighborhoods, through intermediate levels of geography, through large economic areas, and beyond to large regions. These variables were selected from the Census data for their relevance to problems associated with poverty and income determination, and 80 percent were present in comparable form in both the 1970 and 1980 Census datasets. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR -- https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09693.v3. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version as they made this dataset available in multiple data formats.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: No - Vacant units: No - Households: No - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: Yes - Special populations: No

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: A dwelling, in terms of a survey unit, is defined as a self-contained set of rooms intended for living purposes which enable persons to keep their own household. - Households: A household consists of all persons who live in the same dwelling and have a common housekeeping budget. Also. persons living and keeping house alone as well as lodgers are counted as households. - Group quarters: Persons in institutions, homes or the like are covered if they live there, are registered at that address with the police or relevant authorities and, fully or partly, make use of communal catering arrangements or of any joint facilities.

Universe

Total population entitled to reside in households

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: Federal Statistical Office

SAMPLE UNIT: Person

SAMPLE FRACTION: 5%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 3,094,845

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

2 questionnaires: (f1) population census questionnaire: 90% of the population received a questionnaire comprising 18 questions, the remaining 10% received a questionnaire containing 39 questions; (f2) local unit questionnaire

Response rate

COVERAGE: 100%

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households and Group Quarters

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: No - Vacant units: Yes

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Households: Dwelling places with fewer than five persons unrelated to a household head, excluding institutions and transient quarters. - Group quarters: Institutions, transient quarters, and dwelling places with five or more persons unrelated to a household head.

Universe

Residents of Puerto Rico.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: 1%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 27,212

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

One in five housing units in 1970 received a long form containing supplemental sample questions. Three independent 1 percent public use samples were produced for 1970, each privileging a particular geography: neighborhood, municipio, and "state". IPUMS-International uses the municipio sample.

Response rate

UNDERCOUNT: No official estimates

This study contains Public Use Microdata Samples taken from the 1970 Census of Population and Housing for Puerto Rico. The sample size is one-in-a-hundred, or one sample unit (household, vacant unit, or person in group quarters) for every one hundred such units in the population. The data include information such as occupancy and vacancy status of house, tenure, value of property, commercial use, year structure was built, number of rooms, availability of plumbing facilities, sewage disposal, bathtub or shower, water, electric lighting, telephone, and growing produce for home consumption. Data are also provided on household characteristics such as the number of persons aged 18 years and younger in the household, the presence of roomers, boarders, or lodgers, the presence of other nonrelative and of relative other than wife or child of head of household, the number of persons per room, the rent paid for unit, and the number of persons with Spanish surnames. Other demographic variables provide information on age, marital status, place of birth, state of birth, Puerto Rican heritage, English fluency, citizenship, education, occupation, employment status, size of family, farm earnings, and family income. "Municipio" roughly corresponds to "County" group samples.

These data from the "100 percent" items in the 1970 Census comprise population and housing characteristics such as age, race, sex, marital status, occupancy/vacancy status of housing units, housing tenure, number of housing units in structure, number of rooms in housing units, value of housing, contract rent, and the presence of telephones, plumbing, and complete kitchen facilities. These characteristics are reported for states, counties, Minor Civil Divisions or Census County Divisions, places, and Congressional Districts. The data are in DUALabs, Inc. compressed format and require the use of special software.

The 1970 Census Tract files were originally created by keypunching the data from the printed publications prepared by the Bureau of the Census. The work was done under the direction of Dr. Donald Bogue, whose wife, Elizabeth Mullen Bogue, completed much of the data work. Subsequently, the punchcards were converted to data files and transferred to the National Archive and Records Administration (NARA). ICPSR received copies of these files from NARA and converted the binary block-length records to ASCII format.

This study contains Public Use Microdata Samples taken from the 1970 Census of Population and Housing for Puerto Rico. The sample size is one-in-a-hundred, or one sample unit (household, vacant unit, or person in group quarters) for every one hundred such units in the population. The data include information such as occupancy and vacancy status of house, tenure, value of property, commercial use, year structure was built, number of rooms, availability of plumbing facilities, sewage disposal, bathtub or shower, water, electric lighting, telephone, and growing produce for home consumption. Data are also provided on household characteristics such as the number of persons aged 18 years and younger in the household, the presence of roomers, boarders, or lodgers, the presence of other nonrelative and of relative other than wife or child of head of household, the number of persons per room, the rent paid for unit, and the number of persons with Spanish surnames. Other demographic variables provide information on age, marital status, place of birth, state of birth, Puerto Rican heritage, English fluency, citizenship, education, occupation, employment status, size of family, farm earnings, and family income. Although Puerto Rico is not a State, the sample is so named because its geographic identification is comparable to that of the State samples for the U.S.

The 11th Population Census. In order to clarify the state of Japan’s population and households, the population census has been conducted in Japan almost every five years.More details on the "Population Census of Japan" overall including other years can be found here: https://d-infra.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/Japanese/statistical-yb/b001.html. 　　　　　From this census onward, the large-scale census contains a question about the means of transportation for commuting to work.

All establishments in Japan on the date of the census falling into JSIC Division G: Wholesale and Retail Trade, except the following: 1. Establishments belonging to the national government or to public or government corporations. 2. Establishments without a fixed place of business and establishments without fixed business facilities. 3. Establishments set up within establishments that have entry restrictions such as requiring a permit or payment of an entrance fee. However, consumer cooperatives are included in the census. 4. Establishments that have been closed for three months or more.

Abstract

The 1970 South African Population Census collected data on dwellings and individuals' demographic, migration, family and employment details.

Geographic coverage

National coverage of the so-called white areas of South Africa, i.e. the areas in the former four provinces of the Cape, the Orange Free State, Transvaal, and Natal, and the so-called National States of Ciskei, KwaZulu, Gazankulu, Lebowa, Qwaqwa, Kangwane, Kwandebele, Transkei and Bophuthatswana.

Analysis unit

The units of analysis for the South African Census 1970 were households and individuals

Universe

The South African population census of 1970 covered all de jure household members (usual residents) of South Africa and the "national states".

The Census was enumerated on a de facto basis, that is, according to the place where persons were located during the census. All persons who were present on Republic of South African territory during census night were enumerated and included in the data. Visitors from abroad who were present in the RSA on holiday or business on the night of the census, as well as foreigners (and their families) who were studying or economically active, were not enumerated and included in the figures. Likewise, members of the Diplomatic and Consular Corps of foreign countries were not included. However, the South African personnel linked to the foreign missions including domestic workers were enumerated. Crews and passengers of ships were also not enumerated, unless they were normally resident in the Republic of South Africa. Residents of the RSA who were absent from the night were as far as possible enumerated on their return and included in the region where they normally resided. Personnel of the South African Government stationed abroad and their families were, however enumerated. Such persons were included in the Transvaal (Pretoria).

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

The 1970 Census was a full count for Whites, Coloureds and Asians, and a 5% sample for Blacks (Africans)

Sampling deviation

The country was divided into 400 census districts for the 1970 Census. In most cases the boundaries of the census districts corresponded with those of the magisterial districts. However, in some cases the boundaries did not correspond, particularly in the areas in and around the "National States". This was to facilitate the administration of the census and to make it easier to exclude figures of the "National states" from provincial totals.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 1970 Population Census of the Republic of South Africa questionnaires were: Form 01, to be completed by "Whites, Coloured and Asiatics" Form 02, to be completed by "Bantu" Form 03, for families, households and dwellings

Form 01 collected data on relationship to household head, population group, sex, age, marital status, place of birth, and citizenship, as well as usual place of residence, home language, religion, level of education and income. Employment data collected included occupation, employment status and industry type.

Form 02 collected data for African South Africans on relationship to household head, sex, age, marital status, fertility, place of birth, home language and literacy, religion and level of education. Employment data collected included occupation, employment status and industry type.

Form 03 collected household data, including data on dwelling type, building material of dwelling walls, number of rooms and age of the dwelling. Data on home ownership. Data was also collected on the number and sex of household members and their relationship to the household head. Data on household heads included their population group, age and marital status. Income data was also collected, for husbands and wives. Data on home ownership, household size and domestic workers was also collected, but for Urban households only.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR
Rent Payments (EC8)

FULL MEASURE NAME
Median rent payment

LAST UPDATED
January 2023

DESCRIPTION
Rent payments refer to the cost of leasing an apartment or home and serves as a measure of housing costs for individuals who do not own a home. The data reflect the median monthly rent paid by Bay Area households across apartments and homes of various sizes and various levels of quality. This differs from advertised rents for available apartments, which usually are higher. Note that rent can be presented using nominal or real (inflation-adjusted) dollar values; data are presented inflation-adjusted to reflect changes in household purchasing power over time.

DATA SOURCE
U.S. Census Bureau: Decennial Census - https://nhgis.org
Count 2 (1970)
Form STF1 (1980-1990)
Form SF3a (2000)

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey - https://data.census.gov/
Form B25058 (2005-2021; median contract rent)

Bureau of Labor Statistics: Consumer Price Index - https://www.bls.gov/data/
1970-2021

CONTACT INFORMATION
vitalsigns.info@mtc.ca.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
Rent data reflects median rent payments rather than list rents (refer to measure definition above). American Community Survey 1-year data is used for larger geographies – Bay counties and most metropolitan area counties – while smaller geographies rely upon 5-year rolling average data due to their smaller sample sizes. Note that 2020 data uses the 5-year estimates because the ACS did not collect 1-year data for 2020.

1970 Census data for median rent payments has been imputed from quintiles using methodology from California Department of Finance as the source data only provided the mean, rather than the median, monthly rent. Metro area boundaries reflects today’s metro area definitions by county for consistency, rather than historical metro area boundaries.

Inflation-adjusted data are presented to illustrate how rent payments have grown relative to overall price increases; that said, the use of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) does create some challenges given the fact that housing represents a major chunk of consumer goods bundle used to calculate CPI. This reflects a methodological tradeoff between precision and accuracy and is a common concern when working with any commodity that is a major component of CPI itself.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Dwellings, households and persons

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: Not available in microdata sample - Vacant units: no - Households: Not available in microdata sample - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: Not available in microdata sample - Special populations: no

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: A structurally separate and independent place that is used as permanent or temporary lodging. Any building that is wholly or partially used for logding is considered a dwelling. - Households: A household usually corresponds with a family: a) two or more people usually linked by kinship (father, mother, children, nephews and nieces, etc.) that share food and other necessities and share a portion of a dwelling, an entire dwelling, or multiple dwellings; b) a group of two or more people, related or unrelated, that live together and share food and other necessities; c) a person living alone who does not share food or other necessities with any other person.

Universe

All persons who spent the night of January 9th to January 10th, 1970 in the dwelling.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia (CELADE)

SAMPLE UNIT: Individuals

SAMPLE FRACTION: 6.8%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 272,090

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Two types of enumeration forms: a long form used for 10% of households and a short form used for all other households. Both multi-page forms were presented as booklets and requested information on dwellings, households and individuals. The long form requested information on certain dwelling characteristics, place of birth, fertility, and economic characteristics that was not requested on the short form.

Response rate

COVERAGE: 90.2%

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR
Income (EC4)

FULL MEASURE NAME
Household income by place of residence

LAST UPDATED
January 2023

DESCRIPTION
Income reflects the median earnings of individuals and households from employment, as well as the income distribution by quintile. Income data highlight how employees are being compensated for their work on an inflation-adjusted basis.

DATA SOURCE
U.S. Census Bureau: Decennial Census - https://nhgis.org
Count 4Pb (1970)
Form STF3 (1980-1990)
Form SF3a (2000)

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey - https://data.census.gov/
Form B19001 (2005-2021; household income by place of residence)
Form B19013 (2005-2021; median household income by place of residence)
Form B08521 (2005-2021; median worker earnings by place of employment)

Bureau of Labor Statistics: Consumer Price Index - https://www.bls.gov/data/
1970-2021

CONTACT INFORMATION
vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
Income derived from the decennial Census data reflects the income earned in the prior calendar year, whereas income derived from the American Community Survey (ACS) data reflects the prior 12 month period; note that this inconsistency has a minor effect on historical comparisons (see Income and Earnings Data section of the ACS General Handbook - https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2020/acs/acs_general_handbook_2020_ch09.pdf). ACS 1-year data is used for larger geographies – Bay counties and most metropolitan area counties – while smaller geographies rely upon 5-year rolling average data due to their smaller sample sizes. Note that 2020 data uses the 5-year estimates because the ACS did not collect 1-year data for 2020.

Quintile income for 1970-2000 is imputed from decennial Census data using methodology from the California Department of Finance. Bay Area income is the population weighted average of county-level income.

Income has been inflated using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for 2021 specific to each metro area; however, some metro areas lack metro-specific CPI data back to 1970 and therefore adjusted data uses national CPI for 1970. Note that current MSA boundaries were used for historical comparison by identifying counties included in today’s metro areas.

U.S. Census Tracts for 1970 for the 8 county area. The currently available shapefiles on the NHGIS site are beta release versions of historical US census tract boundary files for the 1910 to 2000 censuses. These boundary files were produced by the Minnesota Population Center as part of the National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) project. The NHGIS is an NSF sponsored project to create a digital spatial-temporal database of all available historical US aggregate census materials. The NHGIS is scheduled to be completed in April 2006.These electronic census tract boundary files were created by referencingreferencing publicly available, printed U.S. Census Bureau maps andconsiderable care was taken during their production. The boundary fileshave been checked against currently available historical census aggregatedata. A boundary file was considered verified when a 100 percent match wasachieved between the tracts included in a shapefile and the tracts listedin the corresponding aggregate data. Some revisions to the boundary file areanticipated prior to final release. These data are based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. BCS0094908 - an infrastructure grant provided for the social sciences. Its purpose is to produce national electronic maps for small areas in the United States covering the period before 1980. The data files contain historical census tracts for the US from 1910 to 2000 and are considered a preliminary version. Because the files are in a beta form, the user should always verify actual data and exercise their own professional judgment when interpreting any outcomes.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR Population (LU1)

FULL MEASURE NAME
Population estimates

LAST UPDATED
February 2023

DESCRIPTION
Population is a measurement of the number of residents that live in a given geographical area, be it a neighborhood, city, county or region.

DATA SOURCE
California Department of Finance: Population and Housing Estimates - http://www.dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/Estimates/
Table E-6: County Population Estimates (1960-1970)
Table E-4: Population Estimates for Counties and State (1970-2021)
Table E-8: Historical Population and Housing Estimates (1990-2010)
Table E-5: Population and Housing Estimates (2010-2021)

Bay Area Jurisdiction Centroids (2020) - https://data.bayareametro.gov/Boundaries/Bay-Area-Jurisdiction-Centroids-2020-/56ar-t6bs
Computed using 2020 US Census TIGER boundaries

U.S. Census Bureau: Decennial Census Population Estimates - http://www.s4.brown.edu/us2010/index.htm- via Longitudinal Tract Database Spatial Structures in the Social Sciences, Brown University
1970-2020

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey (5-year rolling average; tract) - https://data.census.gov/
2011-2021
Form B01003

Priority Development Areas (Plan Bay Area 2050) - https://opendata.mtc.ca.gov/datasets/MTC::priority-development-areas-plan-bay-area-2050/about

CONTACT INFORMATION
vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
All historical data reported for Census geographies (metropolitan areas, county, city and tract) use current legal boundaries and names. A Priority Development Area (PDA) is a locally-designated area with frequent transit service, where a jurisdiction has decided to concentrate most of its housing and jobs growth for development in the foreseeable future. PDA boundaries are current as of December 2022.

Population estimates for Bay Area counties and cities are from the California Department of Finance, which are as of January 1st of each year. Population estimates for non-Bay Area regions are from the U.S. Census Bureau. Decennial Census years reflect population as of April 1st of each year whereas population estimates for intercensal estimates are as of July 1st of each year. Population estimates for Bay Area tracts are from the decennial Census (1970-2020) and the American Community Survey (2011-2021 5-year rolling average). Estimates of population density for tracts use gross acres as the denominator.

Population estimates for Bay Area tracts and PDAs are from the decennial Census (1970-2020) and the American Community Survey (2011-2021 5-year rolling average). Population estimates for PDAs are allocated from tract-level Census population counts using an area ratio. For example, if a quarter of a Census tract lies with in a PDA, a quarter of its population will be allocated to that PDA. Estimates of population density for PDAs use gross acres as the denominator. Note that the population densities between PDAs reported in previous iterations of Vital Signs are mostly not comparable due to minor differences and an updated set of PDAs (previous iterations reported Plan Bay Area 2040 PDAs, whereas current iterations report Plan Bay Area 2050 PDAs).

The following is a list of cities and towns by geographical area:

Big Three: San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland

Bayside: Alameda, Albany, Atherton, Belmont, Belvedere, Berkeley, Brisbane, Burlingame, Campbell, Colma, Corte Madera, Cupertino, Daly City, East Palo Alto, El Cerrito, Emeryville, Fairfax, Foster City, Fremont, Hayward, Hercules, Hillsborough, Larkspur, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Los Gatos, Menlo Park, Mill Valley, Millbrae, Milpitas, Monte Sereno, Mountain View, Newark, Pacifica, Palo Alto, Piedmont, Pinole, Portola Valley, Redwood City, Richmond, Ross, San Anselmo, San Bruno, San Carlos, San Leandro, San Mateo, San Pablo, San Rafael, Santa Clara, Saratoga, Sausalito, South San Francisco, Sunnyvale, Tiburon, Union City, Vallejo, Woodside

Inland, Delta and Coastal: American Canyon, Antioch, Benicia, Brentwood, Calistoga, Clayton, Cloverdale, Concord, Cotati, Danville, Dixon, Dublin, Fairfield, Gilroy, Half Moon Bay, Healdsburg, Lafayette, Livermore, Martinez, Moraga, Morgan Hill, Napa, Novato, Oakley, Orinda, Petaluma, Pittsburg, Pleasant Hill, Pleasanton, Rio Vista, Rohnert Park, San Ramon, Santa Rosa, Sebastopol, Sonoma, St. Helena, Suisun City, Vacaville, Walnut Creek, Windsor, Yountville

Unincorporated: all unincorporated towns