As of May 2025, the average annual price of Brent crude oil stood at 72 U.S. dollars per barrel. This is some eight U.S. dollars lower than the 2024 average. Brent is the world's leading price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. Crude oil is one of the most closely observed commodity prices as it influences costs across all stages of the production process and consequently alters the price of consumer goods as well. What determines crude oil benchmarks? In the past decade, crude oil prices have been especially volatile. Their inherent inelasticity regarding short-term changes in demand and supply means that oil prices are erratic by nature. However, since the 2009 financial crisis, many commercial developments have greatly contributed to price volatility; such as economic growth by BRIC countries like China and India, and the advent of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling in the U.S. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war are examples of geopolitical events dictating prices. Light crude oils - Brent and WTI Brent Crude is considered a classification of sweet light crude oil and acts as a benchmark price for oil around the world. It is considered a sweet light crude oil due to its low sulfur content and a low density and may be easily refined into gasoline. This oil originates in the North Sea and comprises several different oil blends, including Brent Blend and Ekofisk crude. Often, this crude oil is refined in Northwest Europe. Another sweet light oil often referenced alongside UK Brent is West Texas Intermediate (WTI). WTI oil prices amounted to 76.55 U.S. dollars per barrel in 2024.

The 2025 preliminary average annual price of West Texas Intermediate crude oil reached 68.24 U.S. dollars per barrel, as of May. This would be eight U.S. dollars below the 2024 average and the lowest annual average since 2021. WTI and other benchmarks WTI is a grade of crude oil also known as “Texas light sweet.” It is measured to have an API gravity of around 39.6 and specific gravity of about 0.83, which is considered “light” relative to other crude oils. This oil also contains roughly 0.24 percent sulfur, and is therefore named “sweet.” Crude oils are some of the most closely observed commodity prices in the world. WTI is the underlying commodity of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange’s oil futures contracts. The price of other crude oils, such as UK Brent crude oil, the OPEC crude oil basket, and Dubai Fateh oil, can be compared to that of WTI crude oil. Since 1976, the price of WTI crude oil has increased notably, rising from just 12.23 U.S. dollars per barrel in 1976 to a peak of 99.06 dollars per barrel in 2008. Geopolitical conflicts and their impact on oil prices The price of oil is controlled in part by limiting oil production. Prior to 1971, the Texas Railroad Commission controlled the price of oil by setting limits on production of U.S. oil. In 1971, the Texas Railroad Commission ceased limiting production, but OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries with member states Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela among others, continued to do so. In 1972, due to geopolitical conflict, OPEC set an oil embargo and cut oil production, causing prices to quadruple by 1974. Oil prices rose again in 1979 and 1980 due to the Iranian revolution, and doubled between 1978 and 1981 as the Iran-Iraq War prevented oil production. A number of geopolitical conflicts and periods of increased production and consumption have influenced the price of oil since then.

Analysis of ‘Canada National & Provincial Per Capita Income’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/charlesluan/canada-national-provincial-capita-income-762019 on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Filtered data which only remains 10 provinces and national capita income, median income, with 16 years old & over, both sexes, in 2019 constant dollar

• The raw data had been already adjusted by 2019 constant dollar, from 1976-2019

• Please be aware territories of Canada were not listed in the original dataset

• For example, the 2018 Canada national average income is not equal to the average of 10 provinces income, since territories are not in the list.

• My practicing data exploration of this dataset: Facts of Individuals Income in Canada, 1976 - 2019

Acknowledgements

Data source:
Income of individuals by age group, sex and income source, Canada, provinces and selected census metropolitan areas **Raw data version: ** Table: 11-10-0239-01 (formerly CANSIM 206-0052) **Release date: ** 2021-03-23

Inspiration

I was really surprised when revealing these rows, it seems like there isn't much growth since 1976 Canada average income is 40,800 dollars while 2019 is 49,000 dollars. (Please be noticed these are adjusted by 2019 constant dollar)

Please correct me if I was wrong. Thank you

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

This data collection, intended to facilitate analysis of U.S. manufacturing industries, is an economic time series for 450 manufacturing industries for the time period 1958-1976. The dataset was developed for the Bureau of the Census by a joint team from SRI International and the University of Pennsylvania. Its purpose is to aid in estimating industry production functions and then in comparing theoretical measures of capacity utilization derived from those production functions with "actual" (survey based) measures of capacity utilization. The SP database was developed from a variety of sources, including published Census data, published and unpublished data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), unpublished data form the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), and original calculations. The data include: shipments measured in current dollars and a shipments deflator; value-added in current dollars; total capital expediture; gross capital stocks; investment shares; labor information including all workers, payroll, and hours worked; cost of energy and fuel; all other material inputs in current dollars; and cost of net materials deflator (cost of materials minus cost of energy).

Key information about Kenya Exchange Rate against USD

• Kenya Exchange Rate against USD averaged 137.240 (USD/KES) in May 2023, compared with 134.395 USD/KES in the previous month.
• Kenya Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 137.240 in May 2023 and a record low of 6.900 in Dec 1973.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Central Bank of Kenya provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 2000 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Kenya Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Kenya Short Term Interest Rate: Monthly Average: Treasury Bills Rate: 91 Days was reported at 9.760 % pa in Mar 2023.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Treasury Bonds Rate: 10 Years) was reported at 13.490 % pa in May 2022.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Central Bank Rediscount Rate) was set at 9.500 % pa in May 2023.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Iran was last recorded at 5778.66 US dollars in 2024. The GDP per Capita in Iran is equivalent to 46 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides - Iran GDP per capita - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Forex: FCB: Sell: New Taiwan Dollar to Australian Dollar data was reported at 22.025 NTD/AUD in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 22.140 NTD/AUD for Sep 2018. Forex: FCB: Sell: New Taiwan Dollar to Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 24.091 NTD/AUD from May 1976 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 510 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 47.430 NTD/AUD in Aug 1976 and a record low of 16.200 NTD/AUD in Mar 2001. Forex: FCB: Sell: New Taiwan Dollar to Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by First Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Taiwan – Table TW.M007: Foreign Exchange Rates.

Les dépenses militaires à Taïwan ont augmenté pour atteindre 16 612,80 millions de dollars américains en 2023, contre 15 261,40 millions de dollars américains en 2022. Les valeurs actuelles, des données historiques, des prévisions, des statistiques, des tableaux et le calendrier économique - Taiwan - dépenses militaires.

Key information about Zambia Exchange Rate against USD

• Zambia Exchange Rate against USD averaged 18.584 (USD/ZMW) in May 2023, compared with 18.454 USD/ZMW in the previous month.
• Zambia Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 22.581 in Jun 2021 and a record low of 0.001 in Aug 1976.

Prior to January 1968, Zambia uses the Zambian pound as its official currency. It was subsequently replaced by the Zambian Kwacha at the rate of 2 kwacha to 1 Zambian pound. Exchange Rate prior to January 2006 is sourced from International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Zambia Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Zambia Short Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Zambia: Treasury Bills Yield: 91 days was reported at 10.100 % pa in Apr 2023.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month End: Zambia: GRZ Bond Yields: 10 Years) was reported at 27.800 % pa in Apr 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Zambia) was set at 9.250 % pa in May 2023.

In March 2024 Bitcoin BTC reached a new all-time high with prices exceeding 73000 USD marking a milestone for the cryptocurrency market This surge was due to the approval of Bitcoin exchange-traded funds ETFs in the United States allowing investors to access Bitcoin without directly holding it This development increased Bitcoin’s credibility and brought fresh demand from institutional investors echoing previous price surges in 2021 when Tesla announced its 15 billion investment in Bitcoin and Coinbase was listed on the Nasdaq By the end of 2022 Bitcoin prices dropped sharply to 15000 USD following the collapse of cryptocurrency exchange FTX and its bankruptcy which caused a loss of confidence in the market By August 2024 Bitcoin rebounded to approximately 64178 USD but remained volatile due to inflation and interest rate hikes Unlike fiat currency like the US dollar Bitcoin’s supply is finite with 21 million coins as its maximum supply By September 2024 over 92 percent of Bitcoin had been mined Bitcoin’s value is tied to its scarcity and its mining process is regulated through halving events which cut the reward for mining every four years making it harder and more energy-intensive to mine The next halving event in 2024 will reduce the reward to 3125 BTC from its current 625 BTC The final Bitcoin is expected to be mined around 2140 The energy required to mine Bitcoin has led to criticisms about its environmental impact with estimates in 2021 suggesting that one Bitcoin transaction used as much energy as Argentina Bitcoin’s future price is difficult to predict due to the influence of large holders known as whales who own about 92 percent of all Bitcoin These whales can cause dramatic market swings by making large trades and many retail investors still dominate the market While institutional interest has grown it remains a small fraction compared to retail Bitcoin is vulnerable to external factors like regulatory changes and economic crises leading some to believe it is in a speculative bubble However others argue that Bitcoin is still in its early stages of adoption and will grow further as more institutions and governments recognize its potential as a hedge against inflation and a store of value 2024 has also seen the rise of Bitcoin Layer 2 technologies like the Lightning Network which improve scalability by enabling faster and cheaper transactions These innovations are crucial for Bitcoin’s wider adoption especially for day-to-day use and cross-border remittances At the same time central bank digital currencies CBDCs are gaining traction as several governments including China and the European Union have accelerated the development of their own state-controlled digital currencies while Bitcoin remains decentralized offering financial sovereignty for those who prefer independence from government control The rise of CBDCs is expected to increase interest in Bitcoin as a hedge against these centralized currencies Bitcoin’s journey in 2024 highlights its growing institutional acceptance alongside its inherent market volatility While the approval of Bitcoin ETFs has significantly boosted interest the market remains sensitive to events like exchange collapses and regulatory decisions With the limited supply of Bitcoin and improvements in its transaction efficiency it is expected to remain a key player in the financial world for years to come Whether Bitcoin is currently in a speculative bubble or on a sustainable path to greater adoption will ultimately be revealed over time.

The dataset contains All India Yearly Principal Commodities Exports in Old Format from Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy.

Note: 1. Data for 2013-14 are provisional and for 2012-13 are revised. 2. Due to change in commodity classification by DGCI&S, data on ‘Chemical Elements and Compounds’, ‘Machinery other than Electric’, and ‘Electrical Machinery,Apparatus and Appliances’ from 1970-71 to 1975-1976 and 1976-77 to 1986-87 may not be strictly comparable

Key information about Bangladesh Exchange Rate against USD

• Bangladesh Exchange Rate against USD averaged 104.390 (USD/BDT) in May 2023, compared with 102.920 USD/BDT in the previous month.
• Bangladesh Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from May 1970 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 104.390 in May 2023 and a record low of 7.338 in Mar 1972.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Bangladesh Bank provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to July 1986 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Bangladesh Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Bangladesh Short Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Bangladesh: Treasury Bills Rate: 91 Days was reported at 6.630 % pa in May 2023.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month End: Bangladesh: BGTB Treasury Bond Yield: 10 Year) was reported at 8.520 % pa in Apr 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Repo Rate: 1 to 3 Days) was set at 6.000 % pa in May 2023.