This dataset tracks the policy interest rates of the world’s top 8 central banks from 1980 to 2025, offering a unique longitudinal view into global monetary trends. Central banks included are: the Federal Reserve (USA), European Central Bank (ECB), Bank of England (BoE), Bank of Japan (BoJ), Bank of Canada (BoC), Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), Swiss National Bank (SNB), and Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden). Note: The ECB's data begins in 1999, aligning with its establishment.

Ideal for time-series analysis, forecasting, and macroeconomic research, this dataset can be used to study inflation targeting regimes, financial crises, and policy divergence/convergence across developed economies.

Retail Money Market Funds - Historical chart and current data through 2025.

Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

Money Supply M1 in Finland decreased to 141367 EUR Million in October from 141479 EUR Million in September of 2025. This dataset provides - Finland Money Supply M1 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Money Supply M1 in Colombia increased to 212933.80 COP Billion in October from 211345.93 COP Billion in September of 2025. This dataset provides - Colombia Money Supply M1 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Money Supply M3 in Colombia increased to 939243.21 COP Billion in October from 928661.15 COP Billion in September of 2025. This dataset provides - Colombia Money Supply M3 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Money supply, billion currency units in Germany, September, 2025 The most recent value is 3934.79 billion Euro as of September 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 3944.29 billion Euro. Historically, the average for Germany from January 1980 to September 2025 is 1648.58 billion Euro. The minimum of 347.37 billion Euro was recorded in April 1980, while the maximum of 3944.29 billion Euro was reached in August 2025. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Key information about Hong Kong SAR (China) Money Supply M2

• Hong Kong SAR (China) Money Supply M2 was reported at 2,596.242 USD bn in Oct 2025
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,600.930 USD bn for Sep 2025
• Hong Kong SAR (China) Money Supply M2 data is updated monthly, averaging 458.226 USD bn from Dec 1980 to Oct 2025, with 539 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 2,600.930 USD bn in Sep 2025 and a record low of 17.615 USD bn in Sep 1981
• Hong Kong SAR (China) Money Supply M2 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Money Supply M2: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Money Supply M2 into USD. Hong Kong Monetary Authority provides Money Supply M2 in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.

Graph and download economic data for Currency in Circulation (CURRCIR) from Aug 1917 to Oct 2025 about currency and USA.

Key information about Finland Money Supply M1

• Finland Money Supply M1 was reported at 163.152 USD bn in Oct 2025
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 166.026 USD bn for Sep 2025
• Finland Money Supply M1 data is updated monthly, averaging 39.939 USD bn from Jan 1980 to Oct 2025, with 550 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 217.421 USD bn in May 2021 and a record low of 11.973 USD bn in Feb 1985. Finland Money Supply M1 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Money Supply M1: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Money Supply M1 into USD. The Bank of Finland provides Money Supply M1 in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Finland is part of the Euro Area and the reported figure corresponds to its contribution to the Euro money supply.

Private sector credit, billion currency units in Hong Kong, September, 2025 The most recent value is 7243.5 billion Hong Kong Dollar as of September 2025, an increase compared to the previous value of 7219.97 billion Hong Kong Dollar. Historically, the average for Hong Kong from December 1980 to September 2025 is 2744.35 billion Hong Kong Dollar. The minimum of 99.01 billion Hong Kong Dollar was recorded in December 1980, while the maximum of 8153.98 billion Hong Kong Dollar was reached in January 2021. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Money Supply M2 In the Euro Area increased to 15901675 EUR Million in October from 15789300 EUR Million in September of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Money Supply M2 - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for South African Rand to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (DEXSFUS) from 1980-01-02 to 2025-11-28 about South Africa, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Money Supply M0 in Greece increased to 31820 EUR Million in October from 31741 EUR Million in September of 2025. This dataset provides - Greece Money Supply M0 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Kenya Exchange Rate against USD

• Kenya Exchange Rate against USD averaged 129.495 (USD/KES) in Nov 2025, compared with 129.239 USD/KES in the previous month.
• Kenya Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to Nov 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 159.739 in Jan 2024 and a record low of 6.900 in Dec 1973.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Central Bank of Kenya provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 2000 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Kenya Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Kenya Short Term Interest Rate: Monthly Average: Treasury Bills Rate: 91 Days was reported at 7.960 % pa in Sep 2025.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Treasury Bonds Rate: 10 Years) was reported at 16.392 % pa in Jun 2024.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Central Bank Rediscount Rate) was set at 9.250 % pa in Nov 2025.

Money Supply M3 in Finland increased to 207757 EUR Million in October from 207267 EUR Million in September of 2025. This dataset provides - Finland Money Supply M3 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Saudi Arabia Exchange Rate against USD

• Saudi Arabia Exchange Rate against USD averaged 3.750 (USD/SAR) in Nov 2025, compared with 3.750 USD/SAR in the previous month.
• Saudi Arabia Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to Nov 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4.500 in Nov 1971 and a record low of 3.301 in Oct 1978.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Saudi Central Bank provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to June 1996 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Saudi Arabia Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Saudi Arabia Short Term Interest Rate: Monthly Avg: SIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 5.208 % pa in Oct 2025.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Official Repo Rate) was set at 4.500 % pa in Nov 2025.

Key information about Poland Exchange Rate against USD

• Poland Exchange Rate against USD averaged 3.650 (USD/PLN) in Oct 2025, compared with 3.631 USD/PLN in the previous month.
• Poland Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to Oct 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4.894 in Oct 2022 and a record low of 0.000 in Nov 1978.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Narodowy Bank Polski provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1993 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Poland Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Poland Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: ACI Polska: WIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 4.220 % pa in Nov 2025.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Poland: ECB Harmonised) was reported at 5.410 % pa in Oct 2025.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Reference Rate: Open Market Operations: 7 Days) was set at 4.250 % pa in Nov 2025.

Key information about Bahrain Real Effective Exchange Rate

• Bahrain Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER: 2005=100: Month Avg: Bahrain) was 90.6 in Sep 2025, compared with the number of 91.0 in the previous month.
• Bahrain Real Effective Exchange Rate data is updated monthly and averaged 223.3 from Jan 1980 to Sep 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 223.3 in Feb 1985 and a record low of 83.1 in Jun 2011.

CEIC generates Real Effective Exchange Rate Index with base 2005=100. The International Monetary Fund provides Real Effective Exchange Rate with base 2010=100. CPI is used as a deflator. An increase in REER indicates reduced competitiveness for the reporting economy.


Related information about Bahrain Real Effective Exchange Rate

• In the latest reports, Bahrain Short Term Interest Rate: Quarterly Average: BHIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 4.2 % pa in Sep 2025.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Deposit Rate: One Week) was set at 4.8 % pa in Nov 2025.
• Bahrain Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.4 (USD/BHD) in Nov 2025.

Money Supply M1 in Italy increased to 1474070.12 EUR Million in September from 1472167.80 EUR Million in August of 2025. This dataset provides - Italy Money Supply M1 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.