Inflation Rate in Hong Kong decreased to 1.40 percent in June from 1.90 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Hong Kong Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

United States Spot Exchange Rate: Hong Kong Dollar to US Dollar data was reported at 7.838 HKD/USD in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.836 HKD/USD for Sep 2018. United States Spot Exchange Rate: Hong Kong Dollar to US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 7.765 HKD/USD from Jan 1981 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 454 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.095 HKD/USD in Oct 1983 and a record low of 5.183 HKD/USD in Jan 1981. United States Spot Exchange Rate: Hong Kong Dollar to US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.M015: Spot Exchange Rate.

This table contains 40 series, with data for years 1971 - 1997 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2000-02-19. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Prices (4 items: Paasche Price Index; 1981=100; seasonally adjusted; Paasche Price Index; 1986=100; seasonally adjusted; Constant 1986 dollars; seasonally adjusted at annual rates; Constant 1981 dollars; seasonally adjusted at annual rates ...), Commodity classification (10 items: Total; merchandise imports; Other energy products; Food; Crude petroleum ...).

This table contains 52 series, with data for years 1971 - 1997 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2000-02-19. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Prices (4 items: Paasche Price Index; 1981=100; seasonally adjusted; Paasche Price Index; 1986=100; seasonally adjusted; Constant 1986 dollars; seasonally adjusted at annual rates; Constant 1981 dollars; seasonally adjusted at annual rates ...), Commodity classification (13 items: Total; merchandise exports; Crude petroleum; Wheat; Other farm and fish products ...).

A detailed study was made of the feasibility of producing approximately 12,000 barrels per day of gasoline from high sulfur Illinois coal. The project was to be based on indirect liquefaction of coal by producing methanol and converting the methanol to raw gasoline. The plant design was based on proven processes: including atmospheric Koppers-Totzek type coal gasification, Rectisol gas purification, Claus and Scot sulfur recovery, and ICI low pressure methanol synthesis, all of which have been used in large commercial plants; and the fixed bed Mobil MTG process, which has been demonstrated in a four barrel per day pilot plant, to convert methanol into gasoline. The plant was designed to meet all federal and state regulations pertaining to environmental protection. The plant would cost approximately $1.27 billion (1981 dollars). Annual operating costs would total $243 million (1981 dollars). It has been determined that the project would not be viable in the present economic environment. Using 1981 dollars, and recognizing the present average refinery selling price in the mid-West of gasoline produced from crude oil is about $42 per barrel, the following gasoline prices have been calculated. For example, if the project were financed entirely by equity funds, then the selling price of gasoline would have to be $122 per barrel in a moderately inflating general economy in order to obtain a rate of return of 10% on the investment. The selling price would be lowered to $106 per barrel if no inflation is assumed. If 75% of the project were financed by debt at 16% interest, and the real price of coal and gasoline increased by 3% more than the general inflation rate, the selling price in 1981 dollars would be $76 per barrel in a moderately inflating economy. As the real price of gasoline increases in the future, this project and the related economics should be reviewed.

The USD/CNY exchange rate fell to 7.2000 on July 31, 2025, down 0.12% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Chinese Yuan has weakened 0.55%, but it's up by 0.66% over the last 12 months. Chinese Yuan - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The Volcker Shock was a period of historically high interest rates precipitated by Federal Reserve Chairperson Paul Volcker's decision to raise the central bank's key interest rate, the Fed funds effective rate, during the first three years of his term. Volcker was appointed chairperson of the Fed in August 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, as replacement for William Miller, who Carter had made his treasury secretary. Volcker was one of the most hawkish (supportive of tighter monetary policy to stem inflation) members of the Federal Reserve's committee, and quickly set about changing the course of monetary policy in the U.S. in order to quell inflation. The Volcker Shock is remembered for bringing an end to over a decade of high inflation in the United States, prompting a deep recession and high unemployment, and for spurring on debt defaults among developing countries in Latin America who had borrowed in U.S. dollars.

Monetary tightening and the recessions of the early '80s

Beginning in October 1979, Volcker's Fed tightened monetary policy by raising interest rates. This decision had the effect of depressing demand and slowing down the U.S. economy, as credit became more expensive for households and businesses. The Fed funds rate, the key overnight rate at which banks lend their excess reserves to each other, rose as high as 17.6 percent in early 1980. The rate was allowed to fall back below 10 percent following this first peak, however, due to worries that inflation was not falling fast enough, a second cycle of monetary tightening was embarked upon starting in August of 1980. The rate would reach its all-time peak in June of 1981, at 19.1 percent. The second recession sparked by these hikes was far deeper than the 1980 recession, with unemployment peaking at 10.8 percent in December 1980, the highest level since The Great Depression. This recession would drive inflation to a low point during Volcker's terms of 2.5 percent in August 1983.

The legacy of the Volcker Shock

By the end of Volcker's terms as Fed Chair, inflation was at a manageable rate of around four percent, while unemployment had fallen under six percent, as the economy grew and business confidence returned. While supporters of Volcker's actions point to these numbers as proof of the efficacy of his actions, critics have claimed that there were less harmful ways that inflation could have been brought under control. The recessions of the early 1980s are cited as accelerating deindustrialization in the U.S., as manufacturing jobs lost in 'rust belt' states such as Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania never returned during the years of recovery. The Volcker Shock was also a driving factor behind the Latin American debt crises of the 1980s, as governments in the region defaulted on debts which they had incurred in U.S. dollars. Debates about the validity of using interest rate hikes to get inflation under control have recently re-emerged due to the inflationary pressures facing the U.S. following the Coronavirus pandemic and the Federal Reserve's subsequent decision to embark on a course of monetary tightening.

In 2023, the usual median hourly rate of a worker's wage in the United States was 19.24 U.S. dollars, a decrease from the previous year. Dollar value is based on 2023 U.S. dollars. In 1979, the median hourly earnings in the U.S. was 17.48 dollars.

Graph and download economic data for Singapore Dollars to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (DEXSIUS) from 1981-01-02 to 2025-07-25 about Singapore, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

This map layer portrays 1979, 1980, and 1981 estimates for total personal income, per capita personal income, annual number of full-time and part- time jobs, average wage per job in dollars, population, and per capita number of jobs, for counties in the United States. Total personal income is all the income that is received by, or on behalf of, the residents of a particular area. It is calculated as the sum of wage and salary disbursements, other labor income, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and transfer payments to persons, minus personal contributions for social insurance. Per capita personal income is calculated as the total personal income of the residents of a county divided by the resident population of the county. The Census Bureau's annual midyear population estimates were used in the computation. The average annual number of full-time and part-time jobs includes all jobs for which wages and salaries are paid, except jury and witness service and paid employment of prisoners. The jobs are counted at equal weight, and employees, sole proprietors, and active partners are all included. Unpaid family workers and volunteers are not included. Average wage per job is the total wage and salary disbursements divided by the number of wage and salary jobs in the county. Wage and salary disbursements consist of the monetary remuneration of employees, including the compensation of corporate officers; commissions, tips, and bonuses; and receipts in kind, or pay-in-kind, such as the meals furnished to the employees of restaurants. It reflects the amount of payments disbursed, but not necessarily earned during the year. Per capita number of jobs is calculated as the average annual number of full-time and part-time jobs in a county divided by the resident population of the county. The Census Bureau's annual midyear population estimates were used in the computation. All dollar estimates are in current dollars, not adjusted for inflation. The information in this map layer comes from the Regional Economic Information System (REIS) that is distributed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, http://www.bea.gov/. This is an updated version of the November 2004 map layer.

This table contains 52 series, with data for years 1971 - 1997 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2000-02-19. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Prices (4 items: Paasche Price Index; 1981=100; seasonally adjusted; Paasche Price Index; 1986=100; seasonally adjusted; Constant 1986 dollars; seasonally adjusted at annual rates; Constant 1981 dollars; seasonally adjusted at annual rates ...), Commodity classification (13 items: Total; merchandise exports; Crude petroleum; Wheat; Other farm and fish products ...).

Graph and download economic data for Thai Baht to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (DEXTHUS) from 1981-01-02 to 2025-07-25 about Thailand, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Census of Agriculture, 1981 to 2016. Farms classified by total gross farm receipts in 2015 constant dollars.

The USD/SGD exchange rate was unchanged at 1.2958 on July 31, 2025. Over the past month, the Singapore Dollar has weakened 1.82%, but it's up by 3.06% over the last 12 months. Singapore Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Sell: US Dollar data was reported at 4.894 TRY/USD in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.617 TRY/USD for Jun 2018. Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Sell: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 0.543 TRY/USD from May 1981 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.894 TRY/USD in Jul 2018 and a record low of 0.000 TRY/USD in May 1981. Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Sell: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.M009: Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot and Effective.

Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Buy: US Dollar data was reported at 5.165 TRY/USD in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.520 TRY/USD for Oct 2018. Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Buy: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 0.573 TRY/USD from May 1981 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 451 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.406 TRY/USD in Aug 2018 and a record low of 0.000 TRY/USD in May 1981. Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Buy: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.M009: Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot and Effective.

Graph and download economic data for South Korean Won to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (AEXKOUS) from 1981 to 2024 about Korea, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Sell: Australian Dollar data was reported at 4.410 TRY/AUD in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.698 TRY/AUD for Aug 2018. Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Sell: Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 0.354 TRY/AUD from May 1981 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 449 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.698 TRY/AUD in Aug 2018 and a record low of 0.000 TRY/AUD in May 1981. Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Sell: Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.M009: Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot and Effective.

Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Buy: Canadian Dollar data was reported at 4.646 TRY/CAD in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.946 TRY/CAD for Aug 2018. Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Buy: Canadian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 0.386 TRY/CAD from May 1981 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 449 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.946 TRY/CAD in Aug 2018 and a record low of 0.000 TRY/CAD in May 1981. Turkey Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot: Buy: Canadian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.M009: Foreign Exchange Rate: Spot and Effective.