The available data collection compiles the most important price indices of living costs published in official price statistics. The price indices for the standard of living are to show, in which measure the haouseholds’ standard of living increased or decreased in price due to price alteration, but unaffected by changes by consumers’ behaviour. Therefore, the consumer price indices are to measure the pure price development, isolated from changes in quantity or quality. Basis of the index is the supposition, that the structure of private households’ consumer expenditures doesn’t have changed since the basis-year (Laspeyres-Index). The consumer price index covers groups of goods, which are bought and/or used by the private households. The private households’ expenditure structure is the basis of this price index, therefore the index is to be regarded as a “purchase price index” for private ultimate consumer. Aim of the consumer price statistics is – as it is the aim of the whole official price statistics – the registration of price changes. Therefore their most important results are price indices to a certain base year and not average prices in absolute height. Furthermore, living-cost price indices informs about the percental increas or decrease of the goods’ and achievments’ prices (in relation to a base year). Topics List of data-tables in the search- and downloadsystem HISTAT: A. Living-cost price index of all private households and living-cost price index by household-types (1948-2001). B. Living-cost price index by consumption-groups and main groups; structure by goods, achievements and use of dwellings; structuring by COICOP; housing rents, motorist-price index (1948-2001); C. Consumer prices since 1881; Cost of living since 1924; Price index for nutrition (1881-1913); Realm index figures for living-cost: blue-colour-worker-households with 5 persons by consumption groups (1924-1944); D. Monthly values: Living-cost-price index of all private households (1962-2001); Living-cost-price index of a 4-persons-household with middle income (1950-2001), base years: 1913/14, 1938 = 100 (1948-1994); E. Living-cost price index: international tables (1960-2001).

Morocco Living Cost Index: Fes data was reported at 187.800 1989=100 in Oct 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 191.300 1989=100 for Sep 2009. Morocco Living Cost Index: Fes data is updated monthly, averaging 158.600 1989=100 from Jan 1994 (Median) to Oct 2009, with 190 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 192.300 1989=100 in Apr 2009 and a record low of 131.120 1989=100 in Jan 1994. Morocco Living Cost Index: Fes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by High Commission for Planning. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Morocco – Table MA.I008: Living Cost Index: 1989=100: by Region.

The available data collection compiles the most important price indices of living costs published in official price statistics. The price indices for the standard of living are to show, in which measure the haouseholds’ standard of living increased or decreased in price due to price alteration, but unaffected by changes by consumers’ behaviour. Therefore, the consumer price indices are to measure the pure price development, isolated from changes in quantity or quality. Basis of the index is the supposition, that the structure of private households’ consumer expenditures doesn’t have changed since the basis-year (Laspeyres-Index). The consumer price index covers groups of goods, which are bought and/or used by the private households. The private households’ expenditure structure is the basis of this price index, therefore the index is to be regarded as a “purchase price index” for private ultimate consumer. Aim of the consumer price statistics is – as it is the aim of the whole official price statistics – the registration of price changes. Therefore their most important results are price indices to a certain base year and not average prices in absolute height. Furthermore, living-cost price indices informs about the percental increas or decrease of the goods’ and achievments’ prices (in relation to a base year).

Topics

List of data-tables in the search- and downloadsystem HISTAT:

A. Living-cost price index of all private households and living-cost price index by household-types (1948-2001).

B. Living-cost price index by consumption-groups and main groups; structure by goods, achievements and use of dwellings; structuring by COICOP; housing rents, motorist-price index (1948-2001);

C. Consumer prices since 1881; Cost of living since 1924; Price index for nutrition (1881-1913); Realm index figures for living-cost: blue-colour-worker-households with 5 persons by consumption groups (1924-1944);

D. Monthly values: Living-cost-price index of all private households (1962-2001); Living-cost-price index of a 4-persons-household with middle income (1950-2001), base years: 1913/14, 1938 = 100 (1948-1994);

E. Living-cost price index: international tables (1960-2001).

Morocco Living Cost Index: Rabat data was reported at 193.000 1989=100 in Oct 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 194.300 1989=100 for Sep 2009. Morocco Living Cost Index: Rabat data is updated monthly, averaging 161.115 1989=100 from Jan 1994 (Median) to Oct 2009, with 190 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 194.300 1989=100 in Sep 2009 and a record low of 131.600 1989=100 in Jan 1994. Morocco Living Cost Index: Rabat data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by High Commission for Planning. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Morocco – Table MA.I008: Living Cost Index: 1989=100: by Region.

In 2024, the consumer price index (CPI) was 315.61. Data represents U.S. city averages. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can be found here. United States urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) The U.S. Consumer Price Index is a measure of change in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The CPI is defined by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics as "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." To calculate the CPI, the Bureau of Labor Statistics considers the price of goods and services from various categories: housing, transportation, apparel, food & beverage, medical care, recreation, education and other/uncategorized. The CPI is a useful measure, as it indicates how the cost of urban living in the United States has changed over time, compared to a base period. CPI is also used to calculate inflation, or change in the purchasing power of money. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S. urban CPI has been rising steadily since 1992. As of 2023, the CPI was 304.7, up from 233 ten years earlier and up from 184 twenty years earlier. This indicates the extent to which, compared to a base period 1982-1984 = 100, the price of various goods and services has risen.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (formerly known as the ONS Opinions Survey or Omnibus) is an omnibus survey that began in 1990, collecting data on a range of subjects commissioned by both the ONS internally and external clients (limited to other government departments, charities, non-profit organisations and academia).

Data are collected from one individual aged 16 or over, selected from each sampled private household. Personal data include data on the individual, their family, address, household, income and education, plus responses and opinions on a variety of subjects within commissioned modules.

The questionnaire collects timely data for research and policy analysis evaluation on the social impacts of recent topics of national importance, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the cost of living, on individuals and households in Great Britain.

From April 2018 to November 2019, the design of the OPN changed from face-to-face to a mixed-mode design (online first with telephone interviewing where necessary). Mixed-mode collection allows respondents to complete the survey more flexibly and provides a more cost-effective service for customers.

In March 2020, the OPN was adapted to become a weekly survey used to collect data on the social impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the lives of people of Great Britain. These data are held in the Secure Access study, SN 8635, ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, Covid-19 Module, 2020-2022: Secure Access.

From August 2021, as coronavirus (COVID-19) restrictions were lifting across Great Britain, the OPN moved to fortnightly data collection, sampling around 5,000 households in each survey wave to ensure the survey remains sustainable.

The OPN has since expanded to include questions on other topics of national importance, such as health and the cost of living. For more information about the survey and its methodology, see the ONS OPN Quality and Methodology Information webpage.

Secure Access Opinions and Lifestyle Survey data

Other Secure Access OPN data cover modules run at various points from 1997-2019, on Census religion (SN 8078), cervical cancer screening (SN 8080), contact after separation (SN 8089), contraception (SN 8095), disability (SNs 8680 and 8096), general lifestyle (SN 8092), illness and activity (SN 8094), and non-resident parental contact (SN 8093). See Opinions and Lifestyle Survey: Secure Access for details.

Main Topics:
Each month's questionnaire consists of two elements: core questions, covering demographic information, are asked each month together with non-core questions that vary from month to month.
The non-core questions for this month were:
Company Cars (Module 1a): questions about the number of company cars in the household; total mileage and total business mileage; age of car and value of car when new.
Second Homes (Module 4): ownership of a second home by any member of the household and reasons for having the second home.
Contraception (Module 6): method of birth control used and reasons for choice; changes in methods used; the use of Family Planning Clinics; awareness of emergency methods for use after intercourse has taken place.
Investment Income (Module 7a): ownership of shares and income from shares, bank accounts and building society accounts.
Cot Deaths (Module 37): questions about the recent publicity giving information on preventing cot deaths.
Overseas Transactions (Module 58): financial transactions (receipts or payments) made as a private individual in the past 12 months; value in pound sterling; currency of transaction; reasons for transaction.
Alcohol and Tobacco from EU (Module 64): alcohol and/or tobacco products brought back from European Union Countries during previous two months; quantity bought.
Head of Household Information (Module 70): occupation and supervisory status of head of household.
GP Accidents (Module 78): accidents in previous three months that resulted in seeing a doctor or going to hospital; where accident happened; whether saw a GP or went straight to hospital.
Mortgage Arrears (Module 79): whether behind in mortgage payments; whether has ever had to give up home because of difficulties with paying mortgage.
Leasehold Enfranchisement (Module 86): owners of flats/maisonettes asked whether owned leasehold or freehold; whether bought property under the Right to Buy scheme; if freehold whether owns freehold of whole building; if leasehold who owns the freehold; whether is aware of right to buy freehold and if would be interested in buying the freehold; if interested what steps taken to buy freehold; if not interested in buying freehold what steps taken to buy a longer lease; whether pays charges for services and if so how...

Abstract

China Living Standards Survey (CLSS) consists of one household survey and one community (village) survey, conducted in Hebei and Liaoning Provinces (northern and northeast China) in July 1995 and July 1997 respectively. Five villages from each three sample counties of each province were selected (six were selected in Liaoyang County of Liaoning Province because of administrative area change). About 880 farm households were selected from total thirty-one sample villages for the household survey. The same thirty-one villages formed the samples of community survey. This document provides information on the content of different questionnaires, the survey design and implementation, data processing activities, and the different available data sets.

Geographic coverage

The China Living Standards Survey (CLSS) was conducted only in Hebei and Liaoning Provinces (northern and northeast China).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The CLSS sample is not a rigorous random sample drawn from a well-defined population. Instead it is only a rough approximation of the rural population in Hebei and Liaoning provinces in Northeastern China. The reason for this is that part of the motivation for the survey was to compare the current conditions with conditions that existed in Hebei and Liaoning in the 1930’s. Because of this, three counties in Hebei and three counties in Liaoning were selected as "primary sampling units" because data had been collected from those six counties by the Japanese occupation government in the 1930’s. Within each of these six counties (xian) five villages (cun) were selected, for an overall total of 30 villages (in fact, an administrative change in one village led to 31 villages being selected). In each county a "main village" was selected that was in fact a village that had been surveyed in the 1930s. Because of the interest in these villages 50 households were selected from each of these six villages (one for each of the six counties). In addition, four other villages were selected in each county. These other villages were not drawn randomly but were selected so as to "represent" variation within the county. Within each of these villages 20 households were selected for interviews. Thus the intended sample size was 780 households, 130 from each county.

Unlike county and village selection, the selection of households within each village was done according to standard sample selection procedures. In each village, a list of all households in the village was obtained from village leaders. An "interval" was calculated as the number of the households in the village divided by the number of households desired for the sample (50 for main villages and 20 for other villages). For the list of households, a random number was drawn between 1 and the interval number. This was used as a starting point. The interval was then added to this number to get a second number, then the interval was added to this second number to get a third number, and so on. The set of numbers produced were the numbers used to select the households, in terms of their order on the list.

In fact, the number of households in the sample is 785, as opposed to 780. Most of this difference is due to a village in which 24 households were interviewed, as opposed to the goal of 20 households

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Household Questionnaire

The household questionnaire contains sections that collect data on household demographic structure, education, housing conditions, land, agricultural management, household non-agricultural business, household expenditures, gifts, remittances and other income sources, and saving and loans. For some sections (general household information, schooling, housing, gift-exchange, remittance, other income, and credit and savings) the individual designated by the household members as the household head provided responses. For some other sections (farm land, agricultural management, family-run non-farm business, and household consumption expenditure) a member identified as the most knowledgeable provided responses. Identification codes for respondents of different sections indicate who provided the information. In sections where the information collected pertains to individuals (employment), whenever possible, each member of the household was asked to respond for himself or herself, except that parents were allowed to respond for younger children. Therefore, in the case of the employment section it is possible that the information was not provided by the relevant person; variables in this section indicate when this is true.

The household questionnaire was completed in a one-time interview in the summer of 1995. The survey was designed so that more sensitive issues such as credit and savings were discussed near the end. The content of each section is briefly described below.

Section 0 SURVEY INFORMATION

This section mainly summarizes the results of the survey visits. The following information was entered into the computer: whether the survey and the data entry were completed, codes of supervisor’s brief comments on interviewer, data entry operator, and related revising suggestion (e.g., 1. good, 2. revise at office, and 3. re-interview needed). Information about the date of interview, the names of interviewer, supervisor, data enterer, and detail notes of interviewer and supervisor were not entered into the computer.

Section 1 GENERAL HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION

1A HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE 1B INFORMATION ABOUT THE HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS’ PARENTS 1C INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHILDREN WHO ARE NOT LIVING IN HOME

Section 1A lists the personal id code, sex, relationship to the household head, ethnic group, type of resident permit (agricultural [nongye], non-agricultural [fei nongye], or no resident permit), date of birth, marital status of all people who spent the previous night in that household and for household members who are temporarily away from home. The household head is listed first and receives the personal id code 1. Household members were defined to include “all the people who normally live and eat their meals together in this dwelling.” Those who were absent more than nine of the last twelve months were excluded, except for the head of household. For individuals who are married and whose spouse resides in the household, the personal id number of the spouse is noted. By doing so, information on the spouse can be collected by appropriately merging information from the section 1A and other parts of the survey.

Section 1B collects information on the parents of all household members. For individuals whose parents reside in the household, parents’ personal id numbers are noted, and information can be obtained by appropriately merging information from other parts of the survey. For individuals whose parents do not reside in the household, information is recorded on whether each parent is alive, as well as their schooling and occupation.

Section 1C collects information for children of household members who are not living in home. Children who have died are not included. The information on the name, sex, types of resident permit, age, education level, education cost, reasons not living in home, current living place, and type of job of each such child is recorded.

Section 2 SCHOOLING

In Section 2, information about literacy and numeracy, school attendance, completion, and current enrollment for all household members of preschool age and older. The interpretation of pre-school age appears to have varied, with the result that while education information is available for some children of pre-school age, not all pre-school children were included in this section. But for ages 6 and above information is available for nearly all individuals, so in essence the data on schooling can be said to apply all persons 6 age and above. For those who were enrolled in school at the time of the survey, information was also collected on school attendance, expenses, and scholarships. If applicable, information on serving as an apprentice, technical or professional training was also collected.

Section 3 EMPLOYMENT

3A GENERAL INFORMATION 3B MAJOR NON-FARM JOB IN 1994 3C THE SECOND NON-FARM JOB IN 1994 3D OTHER EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITIES IN 1994 3E SEARCHING FOR NON-FARM JOB 3F PROCESS FOR GETTING MAJOR NON-FARM JOB 3G CORVEE LABOR

All individuals age thirteen and above were asked to respond to the employment activity questions in Section 3. Section 3A collects general information on farm and non-farm employment, such as whether or not the household member worked on household own farm in 1994, when was the last year the member worked on own farm if he/she did not work in 1994, work days and hours during busy season, occupation and sector codes of the major, second, and third non-farm jobs, work days and total income of these non-farm jobs. There is a variable which indicates whether or not the individual responded for himself or herself.

Sections 3B and 3C collect detailed information on the major and the second non-farm job. Information includes number of months worked and which month in 1994 the member worked on these jobs, average works days (or hours) per month (per day), total number of years worked for these jobs by the end of 1994, different components of income, type of employment contracts. Information on employer’s ownership type and location was also collected.

Section 3D collects information on average hours spent doing chores and housework at home every day during non-busy and busy season. The chores refer to cooking, laundry, cleaning, shopping, cutting woods, as well as small-scale farm yard animals raising, for example, pigs or chickens. Large-scale animal

Abstract

The Central Statistics Office conducted the fifth Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) from November 1993 to January 1995. As the title suggests, the main focus of the exercise was on household income and expenditure. Notwithstanding that, as a by-product, data on other socio-economic characteristics have been made available through the exercise.

Answers to economic questions such as: " Are households now spending more money on transport than on housing?", "Are the poor households getting poorer?" etc. - hinges on the results of the HIES. In the context of planning for economic development, studies of household income and expenditure are invaluable. These studies are helpful in evaluating the changes which occur, as a result of economic development, in household consumption patterns, levels of income, income distribution and the extent of the inequality, and trends in the preference of the different segments of the society. Viewed from another angle, the levels of these variables may be useful in determining the speed of socio-economic development in the foreseeable future.

Objectives and uses It is probably appropriate to start by defining a household income and expenditure survey. A household income and expenditure survey is a survey designed to collect information on various sources of income (money or in kind) received by the households and details as to how they dispose of this income (on expenditure, remittances etc.). In essence, all the details of receipts by the households and those relating to the acquisition of goods and services for own consumption are recorded within the given reference period. The reference period, like in the previous survey, was one month. The key words in this definition, i.e. Household, Income, and Expenditure are defined in details under the section dealing with concepts and definitions.

The main objectives of the 1993/94 Household Income and Expenditure Survey were: - i.) to determine household consumption expenditure patterns for urban towns, urban villages and rural areas so as to revise the weights used in the cost-of-living index. Information collected on itemized expenditure is useful for checking the existing basket-of-goods to ensure that the basket remains representative of national expenditure patterns. ii) To determine the sources of household income, estimate income levels and distribution hence ascertain the extent of the inequality. Combined with details of the household structure and other socio-economic variables, such data are invaluable to planners and policy makers. iii) to provide an independent source of information to estimate and improve the figures on "private final consumption" for National Accounts. iv) to provide consumption data that enable the construction of a "Poverty Datum Line". v) to provide business investors with information on consumption of specific products so as to determine potential consumer demand. vi) to provide a range of baseline data for researchers.

In brief, the objective of the survey was the provision of comprehensive data on household income and consumption patterns for socio-economic analysis and planning.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Universe

The survey covered all households living in private dwellings, apart from households of foreign diplomats and their families. Also excluded from the survey are hotels, army camps, nurses hostels and other institutional accommodation. It should be mentioned, however, that Botswana Defence Force families living in ordinary private dwellings were included. The Ngamiland delta was not covered because of the difficult terrain.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Survey Design Of the many factors that influence the sampling design of a particular survey, the nature of the subject is the most paramount. It is well known that the distribution of income among the households is uneven, with a few households accounting for a relatively large proportion of income. Botswana is no exception in this regard and indeed the 1985/86 survey revealed a high rate of inequality. There is a significant difference between income levels of urban towns, urban villages and the rural areas. Consumption expenditure depends, to a large extent, on income hence the arguments about income levels equally apply to consumption. The reason for going at length to elicit these problems is to give a background against which the 1993/94 Household Income and Expenditure Survey was conducted.

As in the 1985/86 survey, a two-stage stratified sample design was adopted. All surveys conducted under "The Household Survey Programme" have been two-stage stratified design. The multiple stages have been for ease of sample selection as well as for the fact that up-to-date sampling frame of the elementary units (households) are not available. On the other hand stratification is employed to provide separate estimates for the stratification factors as well as for gain in precision. Precision is gained when there is a reduction in the variance of the estimates.

Stratification Factors In the 1985/86 Household Income and Expenditure Survey, the sampling frame which comprised the 1981 census was sorted into five strata. - Urban - Lands - Villages - Cattleposts - Freehold farms.

Following the 1991 census, nineteen of Botswana's villages are now classified as "urban", i.e. fewer than 25 percent of their workforce are working in traditional agriculture. Nonetheless, other characteristics of these villages may still be markedly different from the more established urban areas such as Gaborone, Lobatse, Francistown etc. Consequently, it was proposed that, for the 1993/94 HIES, an "urban-village" stratum, comprising these villages be created. The remaining villages were combined with lands areas, cattleposts and freehold farms into a "rural" stratum. For most practical purposes the difference in income levels between the areas constituting the rural stratum does not justify splitting the group into separate strata. Therefore, for the 1993/94 HIES the strata are: - Urban - Urban villages - Rural

Unlike before, these stratification groups allow for presentation of separate results for each stratum.

Note: See detailed sampling procedure which is presented in the final report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Although the main theme of the survey was income and expenditure a whole range of topics were covered, as a by-product. Information collected in the HIES falls naturally into two categories: 1. that which could be collected from single interviews (Book 1), and 2. that collected on a day-to-day basis over a period of one month (Book 2).

The questionnaires and other forms used in collecting auxiliary data are presented in the appendix.

The single interview questionnaires (Book 1) comprised: 1. i) Demographic data, and ii) Economic activities and employment (Section A) 2. Sources of household income (Section B) 3. Housing data (Section C) 4. Household enterprises (Section D) 5. Crops and livestock (Section E) 6. Employment earnings and deduction (Section F) 7. Major expenditure during past 12 months (Section G) 8. Regular monthly and annually payment (Section H) 9. Miscellaneous (Section I)

The day-to-day questionnaires were combined into the daily notebook (Book 2) which is subdivided into the following schedules: 1. Daily expenditure and other disbursements (Schedule D-1) 2. Cash receipts (Schedule D-2) 3. Goods and services received (Schedule D-3a)/given (Schedule D-3b) 4. Business receipts (Schedule D-2) 5. Business expenditure (Schedule D-5) 6. Own produce consumed (Schedule D-6) Schedules D-1 to D-5 covered the full survey round of 30 days. On the other hand schedule D-6 covered a period of seven consecutive days within the survey month.

Cleaning operations

Data entry The in-house Data Processing Unit was responsible for data entry, maintenance of data entry and validations systems, and the production of tables. As for data entry, questionnaires were entered by one data entry operator and verified by another.

Manual editing The fact that the HIES is a very difficult exercise to undertake cannot be overemphasized. A number of the questionnaires contained inconsistent data and this was not wholly attributable to the field staff. The complexity of the survey also had a bearing on that. Besides inconsistencies and cases of item non-response which of course were expected, records for items dealing with income were often not true. Editing teams had the enormous task of sorting out these problems. In addition, they had to contend with hundreds of records - up to a maximum of 500 records for one household in some cases.

Editing was done in two stages. The first stage involved checks for consistencies and completeness. Questionnaires whose data were not comprehensible were referred to the field supervisors for correction. The second stage needed more care as it involved some calculations and transcribing of records from one section to another since not all sections were entered directly. Care had to be exercised in transcribing data moreover that some items (e.g. rent) may have been recorded in three sections. Editors undertook limited imputations particularly in the case of missing price quotes for small items. Transcribing records from the daily notebook was rather cumbersome in that records were first grouped and then summed by item type. At the validation stage checks were made to ensure that information transferred was not duplicated.

Manual editing and coding began four months after the start of field work. The delay

Morocco Living Cost Index: Meknes data was reported at 192.000 1989=100 in Oct 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 194.900 1989=100 for Sep 2009. Morocco Living Cost Index: Meknes data is updated monthly, averaging 162.940 1989=100 from Jan 1994 (Median) to Oct 2009, with 190 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 195.400 1989=100 in Mar 2009 and a record low of 132.980 1989=100 in Jan 1994. Morocco Living Cost Index: Meknes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by High Commission for Planning. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Morocco – Table MA.I008: Living Cost Index: 1989=100: by Region.

Morocco Living Cost Index: Casablanca data was reported at 183.100 1989=100 in Oct 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 185.200 1989=100 for Sep 2009. Morocco Living Cost Index: Casablanca data is updated monthly, averaging 159.515 1989=100 from Jan 1994 (Median) to Oct 2009, with 190 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 185.200 1989=100 in Sep 2009 and a record low of 131.170 1989=100 in Jan 1994. Morocco Living Cost Index: Casablanca data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by High Commission for Planning. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Morocco – Table MA.I008: Living Cost Index: 1989=100: by Region.

In 2022/23 the median annual household disposable income in the United Kingdom amounted to approximately ****** British pounds. Between 1994/95 and 2007/08 the average household disposable income showed year-on-year increases, but after this point, income levels began to stagnate and even decline in some years. Although average household disposable resumed a steady growth pattern between 2012/13 and 2016/17, it has fluctuated in more recent years, and declined in the most recent two years. Economic shocks and disposable income The steady growth of disposable income from 1994 to 2008 reflected the generally healthy UK economy in that period. After the global financial crisis, however, the UK economy was plunged into a deep recession that is mirrored by a decline in disposable income. Although there was a period of recovery between 2013 and 2016, the UK economy has suffered a series of economic shocks since that point. The Brexit Referendum of 2016, and the subsequent economic and political fallout, was followed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and in more recent years by the Inflation Crisis and Ukraine War. Living costs putting UK households under pressure Between January and April 2022, the share of people reporting an increase in their living costs compared with the previous month rose from ** percent to ** percent. This corresponded with significant price increases at that time, with CPI inflation surging from *** percent in February 2021 to a **-year-high of **** percent by October 2022. Although inflation did gradually start to decline in the following months, it wasn't until July 2023 that wages caught up with inflation. The surge in energy and food prices that caused this high inflation, was devastating for UK households, leading to the worst Cost of Living Crisis for decades.

Analysis of individual perceptions of quality of life. Topics: Conditions of life in the field of health, family, dwelling, natural environment, work, relationship with neighbours, incomes, provision of public, commercial and service utilities, supply of drinking water, medical service, work of the police department, education, mass media, public transport and leisure time; society's concern to help the needy people; work of local administration and the government; accessibility of education; getting a job according one's own interests and capabilities; public security; respect one's rights; influence on decision at work; political participation; physical and verbal attacks in public areas last year; count on the help of other people; living standard in Romania in 10 years; living standard compared to that in 1989; additional income sources; leisure activities; satisfaction with profession, job, leisure time, family, income, political life, relation between people, achievements of one's life; happiness during the last days; self placement on the rich-poor scale; conflicts between young and old people, between employees and mangers, rich and poor, people having different political views, people having different religions, nationalities; incomes compared to needs; size and composition of the household; monthly expenses of the household; income of the household; products obtained from one's own/family's farm; equipment of the household; number of rooms; number of books; properties; fear of unemployment, social conflicts, criminality, rise of prices and taxes; living standard compared to that one year before and to the time before 1989; advantages and disadvantages of the changes after 1989; speed of changes; feel attracted to social groups such as workers, entrepreneurs, managers, intellectuals, peasants; conflicts between social groups; rights of ethnic groups; nationality; current residence; spouse's current occupation; father's occupation.

Voting behavior, political system and economic reforms. Topics: Unemployment in the past year and length of unemployment; unemployment benefit; partial unemployment; irregular salary; employer status; preferred money use; cover of the cost of living by basic salary; second job; queuing and amount of time; main sources of income; handling with money; renouncing from necessary things; living standard; economic situation of the socialist economy in 1989, of the current economic system and of the Russian´s economy in 1998 (scale); present economic situation of the family in comparison to that 5 years ago; expected economic situation within 5 years; responsibility for the economic problems of the country (scale); speed of economic reforms; most important tasks of the government this year; present fears; acceptance of the governmental system in the country; solution of political problems (scale); assessment of the communist regime, the current system and the political system to be expected in 1999; changes of the governmental system since Perestroika regarding liberty, free settling, political influence, personal liberty, interests in politics, fairness of government and religious freedom; preferred type of state for Russia (scale); trust in institutions; danger of the national safety by other countries; parliament dissolving and ban of parties; political participation; party preference; party affiliation; earlier membership in the communist party; voting in the Parliament Elections 1993 and party voted for; reasons for not voting; relationship between President and Parliament; voting in the Constitution project; new constitution ensures justice and unity; relationship between President and deputies; voting intention in the Presidential Elections; resignation of Yeltsin and Chernomirdin; repetition of the events of September/October 1993; preferred development of military production; national pride; destruction of nuclear weapons; in case of a war fight for the country; opinion about CIS; influence on the citizens´ financial situation; preferred relationship to the former Soviet Republics; Russia´s help for other CIS-states; opinion about the EU; think as an European citizen; Russia as a member of the EU; work in a western country; privatization of large companies (scale); use of the voucher; satisfaction with investment fund share; probability of the privatization of your place of work; effects of the privatization on job security, payment, influencing control and product quality; number of children; size of household; nationality; stay abroad; religiousness.

Data derived from weekly public opinion polls in the Netherlands in 1994 concerning social and political issues. Samples were drawn from the Dutch population aged 18 years and older.All data from the surveys held between 1962 and 2000 are available in the DANS data collections.Background variables:Sex / age / religion / income / vote recall latest elections / party preference / level of education / union membership / professional status / < self > left-right rating / party alignment / province / degree of urbanization / weight factor.New 'background' variable has been introduced from week 27 on: 'If stated not knowing what party to vote for at next elections: What party will have most chances that respondent will vote for?'Topical variables:n9405: Likely to vote for next municipal elections / Party preference influenced by local or national politics / Placing several political parties on left-right scale / Placing political parties within three mainstreams: Christian, socialist, liberal / Respondent interested in local politics / Probability of voting at next municipal elections / Probability of voting two months later at parliamentary elections / Willing to pay 25 cents or money in general for voting paper / Who for prim-minister after general elections / What parties in next government / Respondent interested in politics of home-town / Mainly interested in local or national politics / Satisfied about local government / Decisions of local government influence on daily life / Local council representatives don't care about peoples opinions / Assessment of influence on local politics.n9406: Placing several political parties on left-right scale / Placing political parties within three mainstreams: Christian, socialist, liberal / Respondent interested in local politics / Probability of voting at next municipal elections / Probability of voting two months later at parliamentary elections / Willing to pay 25 cents or money in general for voting paper / Who for prim-minister after general elections / What parties in next government.n9410: Took knowledge of political party programs / Fair knowledge of political program of different specified parties / Agree with statements: members of parliament not interested in my opinion / Parties only interested in my vote not my opinion / Only elections are general elections / General public does have influence on politics / Parliamentary elections only important elections / Respondent's own vote doesn't matter at elections / Almost no differences between parties in parliament / Minimum wage should be decreased / Minimum wage should be abolished / Social security allowances should be reduced / Old age pension change with change in cost of living / Personally be affected by change in minimum wage, social security allowances or old age pension / Behaviour of Janmaat of influence for number of people voting for Centrum-Democrats.n9412: Voted at local elections / Seen or heard about the results of the elections / Satisfied with outcome of local elections / If outcome of elections known, would have voted differently / Will vote at general elections <3 may 1994> / Party vote at general elections / CDA and PvdA will gain more votes at general elections than at latest local elections / Party preference by asking for more or less seats in Parliament / Assessment of decisions by government bodies / Personally incorrect treated by government bodies.n9413: Took knowledge of political party programs / Fair knowledge of programs of several political parties / What party best program for: economy, environment, those who live on social security benefits, Dutch trade and industry, crime prevention, unemployment program.n9414: More jobs or reduction of unemployment through reducing or abolishing law on minimum wages / Opinion on possible decision of government to reduce minimum wages or abolish minimum wages / Own income be affected by abolishing minimum wages / Considering affect on other social security benefits opinion on abolishing minimum wages / Own income be affected if one or more social security benefits would be reduced.n9415: Who to decide how Netherlands should be governed / Yet another list: who to decide how Netherlands should be governed / Kind of qualities of above mentioned persons / Relation own income to income freeze / Income freeze necessary in near future.n9419: Watched TV 3rd May 1994 / Election results a disappointment? / What parties won or lost the elections / What parties should be in next government / Who for prime-minister / Who definitely not for prime-minister / Expectations of new members of Parliament and possible new government / Respondent voted self or by proxy or did not vote at all.n9421: Respondent belongs to one of three political mainstreams / Who to decide how Netherlands should be governed / Kind of qualities of Brinkman, van Mierlo, Kok, Bolkestein, Lubbers, Wallage, Wiegel.n9422: Will vote on 9th June, the European Elections for...

Inflation Rate in Bangladesh decreased to 9.05 percent in May from 9.17 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Bangladesh Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Monthly average retail prices for food, household supplies, personal care items, cigarettes and gasoline. Prices are presented for the current month and previous four months. Prices are in Canadian current dollars.

Morocco Living Cost Index: Tanger data was reported at 202.400 1989=100 in Oct 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 204.100 1989=100 for Sep 2009. Morocco Living Cost Index: Tanger data is updated monthly, averaging 167.495 1989=100 from Jan 1994 (Median) to Oct 2009, with 190 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 204.100 1989=100 in Sep 2009 and a record low of 131.260 1989=100 in Jan 1994. Morocco Living Cost Index: Tanger data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by High Commission for Planning. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Morocco – Table MA.I008: Living Cost Index: 1989=100: by Region.

This special topic poll, conducted October 8-11, 1994, was undertaken to assess public opinion prior to the November 1994 Maryland gubernatorial election. Respondents were asked to give their opinions on the qualifications and abilities of Parris N. Glendening (Democrat) and Ellen R. Sauerbrey (Republican) and the issues affecting the gubernatorial election. Respondents were polled on whether they were registered to vote in Maryland, the probability that they would vote in the gubernatorial election, whether they leaned toward one candidate more than the other and to what degree, which candidate favored a 24 percent cut in the state income tax, whether the respondent favored a 24 percent cut in state income tax, whether Ellen R. Sauerbrey, if elected, would be able to cut the income tax by 24 percent, whether Baltimore received too much, too little, or just the right amount of state funds, whether Baltimore had too much, too little, or just the right amount of influence in the state government, and the biggest problem facing Maryland. Additional questions concerned to what degree respondents trusted the state government to do what was right, whether a woman's welfare benefits should be cut if she has an additional child, and how often respondents worried about the following: their quality of life, their cost of living exceeding their income, an immediate family member becoming the victim of a violent crime, an immediate family member losing her or his job, not being able to afford health care, and future generations having fewer opportunities. Those surveyed were asked whether they believed that the problems in Maryland would not improve regardless of who is elected, whether state spending on public schools should be increased, whether increasing state taxes would be acceptable if the additional income were set aside specifically for public schools, whether tax money from wealthy districts should be used to help schools in poor districts, and whether using tax credits to pay for private or parochial school tuition should be allowed. Further opinions were gathered concerning a ban of smoking in all workplaces, bars, and restaurants, legalized casino gambling in Maryland, a state law requiring someone to obtain a license prior to purchasing a handgun, a state law limiting an individual to one handgun purchase per month, a law that would make discriminating against homosexuals illegal, and dropping restrictions on the circumstances under which an abortion can be paid for by the state. Background variables include education, ethnicity, frequency of attendance of religious services, household income in 1993, impressions of the religious right, political affiliation, political orientation, religious background, religious orientation, and year of birth.

Approximately **** percent of individuals in the United Kingdom were defined as living with relative income in 2023/24, after housing costs were considered, with **** percent of people considered as being low-income before housing costs.

Annual indexes for major components and special aggregates of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), for Canada, provinces, Whitehorse, Yellowknife and Iqaluit. Data are presented for the last five years. The base year for the index is 2002=100.