This data product provides three Excel file spreadsheet models that use futures prices to forecast the U.S. season-average price received and the implied CCP for three major field crops (corn, soybeans, and wheat).

Using Futures Prices to Forecast the Season-Average Price and Counter-Cyclical Payment Rate for Corn, Soybeans, and Wheat

Farmers and policymakers are interested in the level of counter-cyclical payments (CCPs) provided by the 2008 Farm Act to producers of selected commodities. CCPs are based on the season-average price received by farmers. (For more information on CCPs, see the ERS 2008 Farm Bill Side-By-Side, Title I: Commodity Programs.)

This data product provides three Excel spreadsheet models that use futures prices to forecast the U.S. season-average price received and the implied CCP for three major field crops (corn, soybeans, and wheat). Users can view the model forecasts or create their own forecast by inserting different values for futures prices, basis values, or marketing weights. Example computations and data are provided on the Documentation page.

Spreadsheet Models

For each of the three major U.S. field crops, the Excel spreadsheet model computes a forecast for:

1. the national-level season-average price received by farmers and
2. the implied counter-cyclical payment rate.

Note: the model forecasts are not official USDA forecasts. See USDA's World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates for official USDA season-average price forecasts. See USDA's Farm Service Agency information for official USDA CCP rates.This record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: Webpage with links to Excel files For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.

Indonesia Producer Price: Corn data was reported at 476,785.000 IDR/100 kg in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 469,459.000 IDR/100 kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Producer Price: Corn data is updated monthly, averaging 349,287.500 IDR/100 kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 476,785.000 IDR/100 kg in Dec 2018 and a record low of 231,961.000 IDR/100 kg in Feb 2008. Indonesia Producer Price: Corn data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.PD007: Producer Price: By Province: Corn.

This dataset includes soil health, crop biomass, and crop yield data for a 13-year corn stover harvest trial in central Iowa. Following the release in 2005 of the Billion Ton Study assessment of biofuel sources, several soil health assessments associated with harvesting corn stover were initiated across ARS locations to help provide industry guidelines for sustainable stover harvest. This dataset is from a trial conducted by the National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment from 2007-2021 at the Iowa State University Ag Engineering and Agronomy farm. Management factors evaluated in the trial included the following. Stover harvest rate at three levels: No, moderate (3.5 ± 1.1 Mg ha-1 yr-1), or high (5.0 ± 1.7 Mg ha-1 yr-1) stover harvest rates. No-till versus chisel-plow tillage. Originally, the 3 stover harvest rates were evaluated in a complete factorial design with tillage system. However, the no-till, no-harvest system performed poorly in continuous corn and was discontinued in 2012 due to lack of producer interest. Cropping sequence. In addition to evaluating continuous corn for all stover harvest rates and tillage systems, a corn-alfalfa rotation, and a corn-soybean-wheat rotation with winter cover crops were evaluated in a subset of the tillage and stover harvest rate treatments. One-time additions of biochar in 2013 at rates of either 9 Mg/ha or 30 Mg/ha were evaluated in a continuous corn cropping system. The dataset includes: 1) Crop biomass and yields for all crop phases in every year. 2) Soil organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, and pH to 120 cm depth in 2012, 2016, and 2017. Soil cores from 2005 (pre-study) were also sampled to 90 cm depth. 3) Soil chemistry sampled to 15 cm depth every 1-2 years from 2007 to 2017. 4) Soil strength and compaction was assessed to 60 cm depth in April 2021. These data have been presented in several manuscripts, including Phillips et al. (in review), O'Brien et al. (2020), and Obrycki et al. (2018). Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: R Script for Phillips et al. 2022. File Name: Field 70-71 Analysis Script_AgDataCommons.RResource Description: This R script includes analysis and figures for Phillips et al. "Thirteen-year Stover Harvest and Tillage Effects on Soil Compaction in Iowa". It focuses primarily on the soil compaction and strength data found in "Field 70-71 ConeIndex_BulkDensityDepths_2021". It also includes analysis of corn yields from "Field 70-71 CornYield_2008-2021" and weather conditions from "PRISM_MayTemps" and "Rainfall_AEA".Resource Software Recommended: R version 4.1.3 or higher,url: https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/ Resource Title: Field 70-71 ConeIndex_BulkDensityDepths_2021. File Name: Field 70-71 ConeIndex_BulkDensityDepths_2021.csvResource Description: This dataset provides an assessment of soil strength (penetration resistance) and soil compaction (bulk density) to 60 cm depth, in continuous corn plots. Penetration resistance was measured in most-trafficked and least-trafficked areas of the plots to assess compaction from increased traffic associated with stover harvest. This spreadsheet also has associated data, including soil water, carbon, and organic matter content. Data were collected in April 2021 and are described in Phillips et al. (in review, 2022).Resource Title: Field 70-71 CornYield_2008-2021. File Name: Field 70-71 CornYield_2008-2021_ForR.csvResource Description: This dataset provides corn stover biomass and grain yields from 2008-2021. Note that this dataset is just for corn, which were presented in Phillips et al., 2022. Yields for all crop phases, including soybeans, wheat, alfalfa, and winter cover crops, are in the file "Field 70-71 Crop Yield File 2008-2020".Resource Title: PRISM_MayTemps. File Name: PRISM_MayTemps.csvResource Description: Average May temperatures during the study period, obtained from interpolation of regional weather stations using the PRISM climate model (https://prism.oregonstate.edu/). These data were used to evaluate how spring temperatures may have impacted corn establishment.Resource Title: Rainfall_AEA. File Name: Rainfall_AEA.csvResource Description: Daily rainfall for the study location, 2008-2021. Data were obtained from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet (https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/rainfall/). Title: Field 70-71 Plot Status 2007-2021. File Name: Field 70-71 Plot Status 2007-2021.xlsxResource Description: This file contains descriptions of experimental treatments and diagrams of plot layouts as they were modified through several phases of the trial. Also includes an image of plot locations relative to NRCS soil survey map units.Resource Title: Field 70-71 Deep Soil Cores 2012-2017. File Name: Field 70-71 Deep Soil Cores 2012-2017.xlsxResource Description: Soil carbon, nitrogen, organic matter, and pH to 120 cm depth in 2012, 2016, and 2017.Resource Title: Field 70-71 Baseline Deep Soil Cores 2005. File Name: Field 70-71 Baseline Deep Soil Cores 2005.csvResource Description: Baseline soil carbon, nitrogen, and pH data from an earlier trial in 2005, prior to stover trial establishment.Resource Title: Field 70-71 Crop Yield File 2008-2020. File Name: Field 70-71 Crop Yield File 2008-2020.xlsxResource Description: Yields for all crops in all cropping sequences, 2008-2020. Some of the crop sequences have not been summarized in publications.Resource Title: Field 70-71 Surface Soil Test Data 2007-2021. File Name: Field 70-71 Surface Soil Test Data 2007-2021.xlsxResource Description: Soil chemistry data, 0-15 cm, collect near-annually from 2007 to 2021. Most analyses were performed by Harris Laboratories (now AgSource) in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. Resource Title: Iowa Stover Harvest Trial Data Dictionary. File Name: Field 70-71 Data Dictionary.xlsxResource Description: Data dictionary for all data files.

Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: Maluku data was reported at 778,445.000 IDR/100 kg in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 782,117.000 IDR/100 kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: Maluku data is updated monthly, averaging 526,771.000 IDR/100 kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 853,629.000 IDR/100 kg in May 2018 and a record low of 358,333.000 IDR/100 kg in Apr 2008. Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: Maluku data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.PD007: Producer Price: By Province: Corn.

Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: West Sulawesi data was reported at 374,795.000 IDR/100 kg in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 359,816.000 IDR/100 kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: West Sulawesi data is updated monthly, averaging 229,918.000 IDR/100 kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 374,795.000 IDR/100 kg in Dec 2018 and a record low of 186,000.000 IDR/100 kg in Jun 2008. Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: West Sulawesi data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.PD007: Producer Price: By Province: Corn.

Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: West Papua data was reported at 742,784.000 IDR/100 kg in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 724,099.000 IDR/100 kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: West Papua data is updated monthly, averaging 455,002.000 IDR/100 kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 818,627.000 IDR/100 kg in Jan 2018 and a record low of 237,500.000 IDR/100 kg in May 2008. Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: West Papua data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.PD007: Producer Price: By Province: Corn.

The FAO Food Price Index (FFPI) averaged 130.1 points in August 2025, almost the same figure as the previous month. The highest value for the index in the past 23 years was reached in March 2022. The rate of food price increases has been decreasing since, yet has started to pick up again in 2025.

Food prices worldwide The annual FAO Food Price Index (FFPI) by category shows that the price of vegetable oils grew by a particularly large margin. One of the factors that influenced the spike in oil prices worldwide during 2020 and 2021 were the supply-chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, after the war in Ukraine, shipping costs and grain prices also had a noticeable impact on global food prices. Global food prices are calculated to have increased by 3.68 percent, due to changes in shipping costs and grain prices. The European Union (EU) has experienced a particularly high increase in the annual consumer prices for food and non-alcoholic beverages, as compared to other selected countries worldwide. Inflation in Europe

The inflation rate for food in the EU grew from 0.2 percent in May 2021 to 19.2 percent in March 2023, as compared to the same month in the previous year. In the following months, the food inflation started decreasing again, reaching 1.86 percent in April 2024. The overall inflation rate in the Euro area reached its peak in December 2022 at 9.2 percent. The rate has since fallen to 2.4 percent in December 2024. As measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), inflation rates in Europe were highest in Turkey, North Macedonia, and Romania as of December 2024.

In 2024, the retail price of long-grain, uncooked white rice stood at **** U.S. dollars per pound. In 2008, rice prices rose to record highs, from ** to ** U.S. cents, as global trade restrictions were put in place, causing many large importers to panic buy rice. U.S. rice industry In the United States, about *** million acres of rice were planted and harvested in 2021. The top rice-producing states that year were Arkansas, California, Louisiana, among others. Arkansas was the leading state by far, producing over ** million cwt (centrum weight) of rice in 2021. Leading rice producers worldwide Within the 2019/2020 period, India and China were the top rice-producing countries by far, based on the area harvested. India harvested a milled rice area of approximately ** and a half million hectares, while China’s area amounted to some ** million hectares. In terms of production, however, China produced a higher volume of milled rice than India within the same crop year: China produced close to *** million metric tons of rice, while India’s figures reached an estimated *** million tons.

Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: Gorontalo data was reported at 308,226.000 IDR/100 kg in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 300,603.000 IDR/100 kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: Gorontalo data is updated monthly, averaging 245,365.000 IDR/100 kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 369,871.000 IDR/100 kg in Dec 2016 and a record low of 153,500.000 IDR/100 kg in May 2008. Indonesia Producer Price: Corn: Gorontalo data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.PD007: Producer Price: By Province: Corn.

This statistic shows rice export prices worldwide from 2012 to 2024, by selected varieties. In 2024, one metric ton of U.S. California Medium Grain rice had an average export price of 908 U.S. dollars.

Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Papua data was reported at 56,289.000 IDR/kg in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 55,943.000 IDR/kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Papua data is updated monthly, averaging 42,441.000 IDR/kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56,289.000 IDR/kg in Dec 2018 and a record low of 29,571.000 IDR/kg in Jan 2008. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Papua data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Prices – Table ID.PE056: Average Rural Consumer Price: By Province: Prepared Food Product: Corn Flake.

Abstract

The CrPS is conducted quarterly to generate production estimates for crops other than cereals at the national, regional and provincial levels disaggregation. Out of the 230 crops covered, the individual estimates of the 19 crops highlighted in the Quarterly Report on the Production in Agriculture are released at the national level while the rest were lumped as "Other Crops". Provincial level estimates are available on an annual basis.

The survey aims to support the data needs of planners, policy and decision makers and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector, and to provide periodic updates on crop related developments. The survey adopts two-stage sampling with the municipality as the Primary Sampling Unit and the households as the Secondary Sampling Unit.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The survey covers all small farm producers and plantation farms of all agricultural crops, other than palay and corn, nationwide .

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey employs two-stage sampling design with municipality as the Primary Sampling Units (PSU) and farmer-producer as the Secondary Sampling Units (SSU).

Farms are classified as small farms and plantation farms. For small farms, crops are classified based on coverage of the Farm Price Survey, i.e. Farm Price Survey and non-Farm Price Survey. For crops under Farm Price Survey, the top five producing municipalities based on the volume of production were chosen as PSU. In each municipality, five sample farmer-producers as SSU were enumerated. For small farms of all other crops not covered under Farm Price Survey, top two to three producing municipalities were chosen as PSUs. In each municipality, three sample farmer-producers as SSU were enumerated.

This scheme is applied to each of the crops being covered every survey round. It is possible for a farmer-producer to be a respondent for several crops, which he plants and harvests during the reference quarter. Classification for plantation farms is based on the cut-off on area planted. Each survey round covers a maximum of 5 plantations by crop.

The above scheme was adopted since 2005 to date. The sampling design for CrPS has undergone several changes. From 1988 until 2000, the survey adopted three stage sampling or 5x5x5. This is intended to represent the five (5) municipalities as the PSU, five barangays as the SSU and five (5) households as the USU. In May 2000, a two stage sampling was adopted with the five (5) top producing municipalities as the PSU and five farmers-producers as the SSU.

For coconut, the sampling procedure was in collaboration with the PCA which was developed in 1996. The Bureau was responsible for the survey methodology and data processing while the PCA was responsible for the data collection. A three-stage sampling was employed. The domain of the survey is the municipality, classified as coastal flat, coastal upland, inland flat, and inland upland. The barangays, also classified according to the classification used for the municipalities, serve as the first stage. The second stage is the two coconut farmers from each sample barangay drawn using simple random sampling. The third stage is the 10 sample coconut trees lying along the longest diagonal line bisecting the parcel. The sampling design cut across the small and plantation farms and remain the same until the frame is updated or the sampling design is changed.

The survey was piloted in Davao Region provinces which started on the fourth quarter of 1996. This was replicated in the Western Visayas provinces in the first quarter of the following year. The provinces in the rest of the regions conducted this survey beginning in June 1997. The PASOs and the Provincial Coconut Development Managers jointly validate the results. The PASOs forward the result to the region for further joint review by the RASOs and the Regional Managers.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Editing is done in four stages during the data review. The initial stage is at the collection point while with the respondent. This starts with the completeness and correctness of the entries in the answer grid. The yield per unit area, or kilograms per bearing tree and planting density were computed and verified with the respondents when these are out of range. The range varies by crop and reference period. The farmer-respondents are asked on the climatic condition a quarter ago up to the prevailing quarter and explanations on the change in the level against the same period a year ago. During the Provincial Data Review, Regional Data Review and National Data Review, data editing is done after encoding and data transfer from one form or system to another during the generation of estimates.

Data appraisal

The estimates are subjected to three levels of data review and validation. These are the Provincial Data Review (PDR), Regional Data Review (RDR) and National Data Review (NDR). Across all data validation levels, a set of parameters is being used as guideposts and the available data from other agencies.

The existing indicators also accounts for the situation in the province. At the RDR, the data is assessed to reflect the situation of the region and the levels in comparison between and among the provinces in the region. At the NDR, the data are validated in comparison to national level data and the data between and among the regions. To some extent and for valid reasons, this involves adjustment of the levels of the data generated.

Chile Consumer Price Index (CPI): Vegetable: Corn data was reported at 220.490 1998=100 in Dec 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 235.820 1998=100 for Nov 2008. Chile Consumer Price Index (CPI): Vegetable: Corn data is updated monthly, averaging 146.110 1998=100 from Dec 1998 (Median) to Dec 2008, with 121 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 235.820 1998=100 in Nov 2008 and a record low of 95.750 1998=100 in Feb 1999. Chile Consumer Price Index (CPI): Vegetable: Corn data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Chile – Table CL.I014: Consumer Price Index: Greater Santiago: Dec1998=100.

Chile Consumer Price Index (CPI): Vegetable: Corn: Frozen data was reported at 845.250 1998=100 in Dec 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 873.820 1998=100 for Nov 2008. Chile Consumer Price Index (CPI): Vegetable: Corn: Frozen data is updated monthly, averaging 691.700 1998=100 from Dec 1998 (Median) to Dec 2008, with 121 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 873.820 1998=100 in Nov 2008 and a record low of 576.860 1998=100 in Mar 1999. Chile Consumer Price Index (CPI): Vegetable: Corn: Frozen data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Chile – Table CL.I014: Consumer Price Index: Greater Santiago: Dec1998=100.

Indonesia Wholesale Price Index: Imports: Fodder and Grain Prod and Others data was reported at 166.870 2000=100 in Dec 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 174.420 2000=100 for Nov 2008. Indonesia Wholesale Price Index: Imports: Fodder and Grain Prod and Others data is updated monthly, averaging 110.505 2000=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Dec 2008, with 108 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 174.420 2000=100 in Nov 2008 and a record low of 44.920 2000=100 in Mar 2008. Indonesia Wholesale Price Index: Imports: Fodder and Grain Prod and Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table ID.IB005: Wholesale Price Index: by Sector: Imports.

Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Riau Islands data was reported at 55,029.000 IDR/kg in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 55,329.000 IDR/kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Riau Islands data is updated monthly, averaging 39,290.000 IDR/kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56,033.000 IDR/kg in Aug 2018 and a record low of 25,071.000 IDR/kg in Feb 2008. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Riau Islands data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Prices – Table ID.PE056: Average Rural Consumer Price: By Province: Prepared Food Product: Corn Flake.

Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Central Java data was reported at 45,549.000 IDR/kg in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 46,219.000 IDR/kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Central Java data is updated monthly, averaging 30,640.500 IDR/kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 47,312.000 IDR/kg in Jul 2018 and a record low of 19,114.000 IDR/kg in Mar 2008. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Central Java data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Prices – Table ID.PE056: Average Rural Consumer Price: By Province: Prepared Food Product: Corn Flake.

Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: DI Yogyakarta data was reported at 49,174.000 IDR/kg in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 48,305.000 IDR/kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: DI Yogyakarta data is updated monthly, averaging 27,062.500 IDR/kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56,949.000 IDR/kg in Jun 2018 and a record low of 15,933.000 IDR/kg in Mar 2008. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: DI Yogyakarta data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Prices – Table ID.PE056: Average Rural Consumer Price: By Province: Prepared Food Product: Corn Flake.

Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Bengkulu data was reported at 56,681.000 IDR/kg in Dec 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 56,681.000 IDR/kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Bengkulu data is updated monthly, averaging 43,324.500 IDR/kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56,681.000 IDR/kg in Dec 2018 and a record low of 26,333.000 IDR/kg in Jan 2008. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: Bengkulu data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Prices – Table ID.PE056: Average Rural Consumer Price: By Province: Prepared Food Product: Corn Flake.

Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: West Java data was reported at 50,230.000 IDR/kg in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 49,109.000 IDR/kg for Nov 2018. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: West Java data is updated monthly, averaging 33,011.000 IDR/kg from Jan 2008 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 50,230.000 IDR/kg in Dec 2018 and a record low of 22,882.000 IDR/kg in Apr 2008. Indonesia Average Rural Consumer Price: Corn Flake: West Java data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Prices – Table ID.PE056: Average Rural Consumer Price: By Province: Prepared Food Product: Corn Flake.