Lehman Brothers, the fourth largest investment bank on Wall Street, declared bankruptcy on the 15th of September 2008, becoming the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history. The investment house, which was founded in the mid-19th century, had become heavily involved in the U.S. housing bubble in the early 2000s, with its large holdings of toxic mortgage-backed securities (MBS) ultimately causing the bank's downfall. The bank had expanded rapidly following the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act in 1999, which meant that investment banks could also engage in commercial banking activities. Lehman vertically integrated their mortgage business, buying smaller commercial enterprises that originated housing loans, which allowed the bank to expand its MBS holdings. The downfall of Lehman and the crash of '08 As the U.S. housing market began to slow down in 2006, the default rate on housing loans began to spike, triggering losses for Lehman from their MBS portfolio. Lehman's main competitor in mortgage financing, Bear Stearns, was bought by J.P. Morgan Chase in order to prevent bankruptcy in March 2008, leading investors and lenders to become increasingly concerned about the bank's financial health. As the bank relied on short-term funding on money markets in order to meet its obligations, the news of its huge losses in the third-quarter of 2008 further prevented it from funding itself on financial markets. By September, it was clear that without external assistance, the bank would fail. As its losses from credit default swaps mounted due to the deepening crash in the housing market, Lehman was forced to declare bankruptcy on September 15, as no buyer could be found to save the bank. The collapse of Lehman triggered panic in global financial markets, forcing the U.S. government to step in and bail-out the insurance giant AIG the next day on September 16. The effects of this financial crisis hit the non-financial economy hard, causing a global recession in 2009.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index dropped around ***** points in the four weeks from February 12 to March 11, 2020, but has since recovered and peaked at ********* points as of November 24, 2024. In February 2020 - just prior to the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the DJIA index stood at a little over ****** points. U.S. markets suffer as virus spreads The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a turbulent period for stock markets – the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite also recorded dramatic drops. At the start of February, some analysts remained optimistic that the outbreak would ease. However, the increased spread of the virus started to hit investor confidence, prompting a record plunge in the stock markets. The Dow dropped by more than ***** points in the week from February 21 to February 28, which was a fall of **** percent – its worst percentage loss in a week since October 2008. Stock markets offer valuable economic insights The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a stock market index that monitors the share prices of the 30 largest companies in the United States. By studying the performance of the listed companies, analysts can gauge the strength of the domestic economy. If investors are confident in a company’s future, they will buy its stocks. The uncertainty of the coronavirus sparked fears of an economic crisis, and many traders decided that investment during the pandemic was too risky.

View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is a stock market index used to analyze trends in the stock market. While many economists prefer to use other, market-weighted indices (the DJIA is price-weighted) as they are perceived to be more representative of the overall market, the Dow Jones remains one of the most commonly-used indices today, and its longevity allows for historical events and long-term trends to be analyzed over extended periods of time. Average changes in yearly closing prices, for example, shows how markets developed year on year. Figures were more sporadic in early years, but the impact of major events can be observed throughout. For example, the occasions where a decrease of more than 25 percent was observed each coincided with a major recession; these include the Post-WWI Recession in 1920, the Great Depression in 1929, the Recession of 1937-38, the 1973-75 Recession, and the Great Recession in 2008.

The value of the DJIA index amounted to ****** at the end of June 2025, up from ********* at the end of March 2020. Global panic about the coronavirus epidemic caused the drop in March 2020, which was the worst drop since the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008. Dow Jones Industrial Average index – additional information The Dow Jones Industrial Average index is a price-weighted average of 30 of the largest American publicly traded companies on New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, and includes companies like Goldman Sachs, IBM and Walt Disney. This index is considered to be a barometer of the state of the American economy. DJIA index was created in 1986 by Charles Dow. Along with the NASDAQ 100 and S&P 500 indices, it is amongst the most well-known and used stock indexes in the world. The year that the 2018 financial crisis unfolded was one of the worst years of the Dow. It was also in 2008 that some of the largest ever recorded losses of the Dow Jones Index based on single-day points were registered. On September 29, 2008, for instance, the Dow had a loss of ****** points, one of the largest single-day losses of all times. The best years in the history of the index still are 1915, when the index value increased by ***** percent in one year, and 1933, year when the index registered a growth of ***** percent.

Colombia's main stock market index, the COLCAP, rose to 2081 points on December 1, 2025, gaining 0.39% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 3.80% and is up 48.82% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Colombia. Colombia Stock Market (IGBC) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The USA: Stock market value traded, percent of GDP: The latest value from 2024 is 145.97 percent, an increase from 134.42 percent in 2023. In comparison, the world average is 30.95 percent, based on data from 68 countries. Historically, the average for the USA from 1975 to 2024 is 127.73 percent. The minimum value, 7.97 percent, was reached in 1977 while the maximum of 319.88 percent was recorded in 2008.

Stock Market Total Value Traded to GDP for United States was 108.51% in January of 2019, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Stock Market Total Value Traded to GDP for United States reached a record high of 319.88 in January of 2008 and a record low of 7.97 in January of 1977. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Stock Market Total Value Traded to GDP for United States - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

Namibia's main stock market index, the NSX Overall, fell to 2008 points on December 2, 2025, losing 0.45% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 1.12% and is up 7.10% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Namibia. Namibia Stock Market - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Coal fell to 108.35 USD/T on December 1, 2025, down 1.86% from the previous day. Over the past month, Coal's price has fallen 1.14%, and is down 20.33% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Coal - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The United Kingdom: Stock market capitalization w/o top 10 firms, percent of total market cap: The latest value from 2018 is 70.62 percent, an increase from 69.05 percent in 2012. In comparison, the world average is 44.15 percent, based on data from 41 countries. Historically, the average for the United Kingdom from 1998 to 2018 is 61.68 percent. The minimum value, 53.72 percent, was reached in 2008 while the maximum of 70.62 percent was recorded in 2018.

Key information about Russia RTS

• Russia RTS closed at 982.4 points in Oct 2025, compared with 1,023.8 points at the previous month end
• Russia Equity Market Index: Month End: RTS data is updated monthly, available from Sep 1995 to Oct 2025, with an average number of 1,507.7 points
• The data reached an all-time high of 2,459.9 points in May 2008 and a record low of 43.8 points in Sep 1998

Graph and download economic data for Stock Market Capitalization to GDP for United States (DDDM01USA156NWDB) from 1975 to 2020 about market cap, stock market, capital, GDP, and USA.

United States - Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Financial Crises was 1.02513 Index in October of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Financial Crises reached a record high of 24.60097 in October of 2008 and a record low of 0.00000 in March of 1985. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Financial Crises - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

Stock Market Total Value Traded to GDP for Russian Federation was 18.58% in January of 2020, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Stock Market Total Value Traded to GDP for Russian Federation reached a record high of 76.14 in January of 2008 and a record low of 0.07 in January of 1995. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Stock Market Total Value Traded to GDP for Russian Federation - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

United States - Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Regulation was 5.06409 Index in September of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Regulation reached a record high of 21.16614 in September of 2008 and a record low of 1.56645 in October of 1985. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Regulation - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on October of 2025.

United States - Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Overall was 21.40729 Index in September of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Overall reached a record high of 69.83500 in October of 2008 and a record low of 8.02564 in June of 1985. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Overall - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for CBOE Volatility Index: VIX (VIXCLS) from 1990-01-02 to 2025-12-01 about VIX, volatility, stock market, and USA.

This table contains 25 series, with data for years 1956 - present (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Toronto Stock Exchange Statistics (25 items: Standard and Poor's/Toronto Stock Exchange Composite Index; high; Standard and Poor's/Toronto Stock Exchange Composite Index; close; Toronto Stock Exchange; oil and gas; closing quotations; Standard and Poor's/Toronto Stock Exchange Composite Index; low ...).

Common-Stock Time Series for AIB Group PLC. AIB Group plc provides banking and financial products and services to retail, business, and corporate customers in the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom, and internationally. It operates through Retail Banking, AIB Capital Markets, Climate Capital, AIB UK, and Group segments. The company offers current and savings accounts, demand deposits, notice deposits, fixed term deposits, junior/student saver deposits, and currency deposits. It also provides personal, car, home improvement, education, business, and farm development loans; merger and acquisition, management buyouts, syndicated debt facilities, infrastructure and project, mezzanine, asset, invoice, trade, revolving credit, corporate credit, prompt pay and insurance premium, structured and specialist, and ibanking financing services; business and farmer credit line and overdrafts; and mortgages. In addition, the company offers credit and debit cards; investment funds; life, home, car, travel, and business succession insurance products; and pension products. Further, it provides foreign currency and interest rate risk management, cash management, equity investments, private banking services and advice, lending, treasury, trade facilities, asset finance, and invoice discounting services, as well as wealth management capital markets services. The company was formerly known as Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and changed its name to AIB Group plc in December 2017. AIB Group plc was founded in 1825 and is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland.