In a survey from June 2020, most Italian interviewees (65 percent) approved the government's response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Indeed, Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte reached the largest share of supporters in April 2020 since the beginning of the first cabinet.

In July 2021, Italy's government revenue amounted to 55.45 billion euros. Between August 2020 and July 2021, the highest government revenue was reported in December 2020, when it stood at 87 billion euros.

Key information about Italy Government Debt: % of GDP

• Italy Government debt accounted for 135.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 136.2 % in the previous quarter.
• Italy government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 159.9 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 103.9 % in Dec 2007.

• In the latest reports, Italy National Government Debt reached 3,069.8 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 538.7 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Italy Government Treasury Bonds Yield: 10 Year data was reported at 3.887 % pa in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.575 % pa for Feb 2025. Italy Government Treasury Bonds Yield: 10 Year data is updated monthly, averaging 4.356 % pa from Mar 1991 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 409 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.419 % pa in Oct 1992 and a record low of 0.578 % pa in Dec 2020. Italy Government Treasury Bonds Yield: 10 Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Italy. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.M009: Treasury Bills and Bonds Yield. The data reflects 10 year Government Bond Yield.

Italians' trust in public institutions is below the average recorded among OECD countries. As of 2020, ** percent of citizens trusted the Italian parliament, while ** percent trusted the government.

Italy: Bank credit to government and public enterprises, percent of GDP: The latest value from 2020 is 40.88 percent, an increase from 35.63 percent in 2019. In comparison, the world average is 14.91 percent, based on data from 147 countries. Historically, the average for Italy from 2001 to 2020 is 28.8 percent. The minimum value, 14.02 percent, was reached in 2006 while the maximum of 42.22 percent was recorded in 2014.

Italy Deposits: RI: General Government (GG): Central Government data was reported at 41,430.400 EUR mn in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 40,545.710 EUR mn for Jan 2020. Italy Deposits: RI: General Government (GG): Central Government data is updated monthly, averaging 14,395.550 EUR mn from Jan 1999 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 254 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 73,370.560 EUR mn in Mar 2015 and a record low of 6,668.500 EUR mn in Oct 2000. Italy Deposits: RI: General Government (GG): Central Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Italy. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.KB002: Deposits: by Sector.

Graph and download economic data for Credit to Government and State-Owned Enterprises to GDP for Italy (DDEI08ITA156NWDB) from 2001 to 2020 about enterprises, Italy, credits, government, and GDP.

Italy recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 3.40 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Italy Government Budget - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

As of November 2024, 72 percent of Italians trusted the President of the Republic, Sergio Mattarella. The former Prime Minister Mario Draghi collected the confidence of 54 percent of the citizens. The trust in the incumbent head of government and chairwoman of the Brothers of Italy party, Giorgia Meloni, stood at only 41 percent. Other party's leaders were below 40 percent of consent, including former PM Giuseppe Conte, whose public trust recorded significantly high figures during the COVID-19 medical emergency. Giuseppe Conte and the measures against COVID-19 On January 26, 2021, Giuseppe Conte resigned from the Prime Minister's office as a result of an escalation of political instability in the country. The trust in Conte among Italians has been increasing during the first wave of COVID-19 in the country starting from March 2020. In fact, at the end of April 2020, the Italian Prime Minister reached the largest approval rating. Conte was later succeeded by the former President of the European Central Bank, Mario Draghi, and, after the 2022 parliamentary elections, by Giorgia Meloni. Politics in a pandemic Particularly, Italian interviewees appreciated the government's response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic during the first wave. On the other hand, during the COVID-19 emergency, the support of the EU intervention was considered weak. Data from March 2020 reveals that a large part of interviewees disliked the European Union's attitude towards Italy.

In July 2021, Italy recorded a fiscal expenditure of 64.5 billion euros. Between August 2020 and July 2021, the largest spending was reported in December 2020, when it stood at 132.85 billion euros.

Italy: Government debt as percent of GDP: The latest value from 2023 is 137.3 percent, a decline from 140.5 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 61.85 percent, based on data from 137 countries. Historically, the average for Italy from 1995 to 2023 is 122.18 percent. The minimum value, 103.9 percent, was reached in 2007 while the maximum of 154.9 percent was recorded in 2020.

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Top-left: the tag cloud of the law in Italian Bottom-left: the English version of tha tag cloud On the right: screenshot from the research-by-tag-cloud application that is currently offline (to avoid traffic overload, might go online later)

Context

Along with the dataset on UN SDG and the World Bank selected indicators previously released , this dataset contains the whole list of articles and subdivisions within the "Decreto Rilancio", D.L. 34, as issued on 2020-05-19.

This is the baseline dataset.

This implies that it does not yet contain any further amendments (e.g. on 2020-05-20 where issued an errata corrige and some minor amendments, both listed at the bottom of this introduction.

A new version of this dataset will be issued after it will be implemented.

NOTE 2020-05-23: added as a new file an extension on the baseline extending the frequencies to both the title and the content of each article of the decree; also, released a search by tag cloud prototype search mini-website that allows to use the most frequent words (as per the latest file) and retrieve the list of associated article (again, created to support writings and activities, shared as part of my #datademocracy initiative)

Accounting note

You will see reposts of this dataset that claim "155bln" instead of "55bln": I stick to the latter for two reasons: 1. political net: it was the value communicated by the Government initially 2. technical: in business, an "investment" implies "resources"- and 55bln was the amount of additional resources

As noted within the Kernel that I released with this dataset, there is then an additional element, the "impact"- including the TPG (Third Party Guarantoor) role that the Italian State will take vs private companies asking for loans

As summarized in Italian within an article released along with the initial draft:

"Al di là del dibattito su come conteggiare o meno queste risorse, ecco spiegata la differenza tra i 55 miliardi indicati da Conte, Di Maio e Zingaretti e i 155 miliardi citati da Gualtieri.

Stanno parlando di due cose diverse: i primi parlano dei soldi presi in deficit per finanziare il decreto; il secondo tiene in considerazione anche le garanzie per la liquidità alle imprese.

Per completezza, segnaliamo che secondo le stime del Def, il decreto “Cura Italia” avrà un impatto sul saldo netto da finanziare per il 2020 di circa 25 miliardi di euro (a fronte di un peso sull’indebitamento netto di quasi 20 miliardi di euro: lo scostamento in questo caso era quindi molto minore)."

Content

The dataset contains all the textual content of the Decreto Legge, in Italian (I translated only the tag cloud in English, shown along with the one in Italian).

The tag cloud list on the right-hand side is from a local application using the same tag cloud search framework I already used for the ECB Speeches tag cloud search that since October 2019 update weekly on Sundays.

As the official website where it was published today crashed repeatedly, unfortunately decided to avoid publishing the application.

Anyway, as a service to fellow Italians (or foreigners) that might be interested in searching and commenting, decided to release the "raw" word frequencies table.

By choice, instead of filtering out common Italian words, this dataset: 1. lists each article within the Italian Government decree with the hierarchical structure that was most common within the decree: | Column in the dataset | Equivalent in the decree | Contents | | --- | --- | --- | | item_id | none | a unique key (to allow future traceability should there be further amendments | | what_chapter | Titolo | the main aggregations within the 263 pages decree (the draft version of the decree extended to 464 pages) | | what_section | Capo | most common subdivision - in some case there was a further subdivision, sezione, but was inserted within the description of the Capo to avoid adding a columns that would be mostly unused | | what_title | Articolo | one of the 266 articles within the decree | | what_frequencies | none | the computed frequencies for all the words within each article | 2. contain no filtering, as the purpose was to have the decree converted into a format that would be useful for various data analysis ...

In July 2021, Italy recorded a government budget deficit of 9.05 billion euros. Between August 2020 and July 2021, the largest budget deficit was reported in December 2020, when it stood at 45.9 billion euros.

Italy Deposits: RI: GG: Local Government and Social Security Funds data was reported at 20,191.630 EUR mn in Feb 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20,441.930 EUR mn for Jan 2020. Italy Deposits: RI: GG: Local Government and Social Security Funds data is updated monthly, averaging 19,157.240 EUR mn from Jan 1999 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 254 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34,734.900 EUR mn in Jan 2008 and a record low of 11,294.090 EUR mn in Feb 1999. Italy Deposits: RI: GG: Local Government and Social Security Funds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Italy. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.KB002: Deposits: by Sector.

Credit to government and state-owned enterprises to GDP (%) in Italy was reported at 40.88 % in 2020, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Italy - Credit to government and state owned enterprises to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Between March and June 2020, about ** percent of Italian companies benefited from wage subsidies. The largest percentage of companies was recorded in the Southern region of Campania, where ** percent of the enterprises obtained wage subsidies. Wage subsidies are paid in Italy to workers whose working activity has been suspended or reduced. The subsidies are paid by the Italian entities of social security.

As a consequence of the rising number of cases, in March the Italian government announced that the country is in lockdown and many non-essential activities had to shut down their operations. Currently, there is no strict national lockdown in the country and measures to limit mobility and large social gatherings are region or province based.

Italy IT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 33,263.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 31,606.000 Person for 2020. Italy IT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 22,336.000 Person from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2021, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,263.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 16,086.000 Person in 2002. Italy IT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.

Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.

2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.

The interviews have been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project “LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay” as part of the implementation phase of the project. The interviews have been conducted with experts in the field of public administration, public law and political science, both researchers and practitioners, with the aim of widening the scope of the Country Report on Italy.

To access the full transcription of this interview, the other interview reports on Italy, and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.

Italy Ref. Year = 2020: GDP: Volume: Final Consumption Expenditure: Government data was reported at 377.859 EUR bn in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 373.641 EUR bn for 2025. Italy Ref. Year = 2020: GDP: Volume: Final Consumption Expenditure: Government data is updated yearly, averaging 313.393 EUR bn from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2026, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 377.859 EUR bn in 2026 and a record low of 114.506 EUR bn in 1960. Italy Ref. Year = 2020: GDP: Volume: Final Consumption Expenditure: Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.EO: GDP by Expenditure: Volume: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual.