The 13 Weather Service (NWS) River Forecast Centers (RFC) produce Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) for their individual RFC areas. The RFCs produce the data using a multi-sensor approach utilizing NWS 88D radar estimates of precipitation, automated and manual precipitation gauges and satellite estimates of precipitation. These QPEs are used as input into their hydrologic models to produce NWS river forecasts and guidance products. The QPEs from each RFC are combined into a single mosaic to create a QPE product that covers the lower 48 states, Alaska and Puerto Rico. These QPE 's measuring units are in inches. The data are on an approximate 4km x 4km grid cell scale. The individual hourly data products (labeled Since 12Z Observed and those labeled Last X hours) contain data for the labeled time frame. These products are updated every hour to incorporate the most recent data.The individual daily data products (Today's Analysis Observed, those labeled Last X Days Observed, and those labeled X To Date Observed.) represent a 24 hour total ending at 12UTC on the indicated date. These 24-hour data are then summed together to produce multi-day precipitation totals. Normal precipitation data are also produced for the Today's Analysis Observed and multi-day summations of 7 days or greater using data from the PRISM Climate Group. Percent of normal and departure from normal comparisons are also available by comparing the QPE data with the PRISM normal data. The daily data may be updated several times between 12UTC and 21UTC each day as updated data becomes available.Link to graphical web page: https://water.weather.gov/precip/index.phpLink to data download (Advanced Hydrologic Predictive Services (AHPS) Precipitation Downloads): https://water.weather.gov/precip/download.phpLinks to metadata:ObservedNormalDeparture from NormalPercent of Normal PrecipitationQuestions/Concerns about the service, please contact the DISS GIS teamTime Information:This service is not time enabled

Rainfall is measured to assess storms and their effects on flooding and sewer performance and design.

Rainfall location color icons indicate rainfall totals and maximum storm rating during the past 24 hours. Data is sent once 2mm is accumulated in each gauge, so timing will vary.

Website is updated every 15 minutes . Higher storm ratings and rainfall totals may have occurred if a storm lasts more than 24h. Storm ratings and rainfall are based on data at the gauge location only - nearby areas may experience differing conditions due to variability of rainstorms.

Rainfall is measured between May and October; snowfall is not measured.

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The plate contains four maps of 24 hour rainfalls (in millimetres) for a 2 year return period, a 5 year return period, a 10 year return period and a 25 year return period. Each map has a detailed inset of the Vancouver area. These four maps were not analyzed for the mountainous parts of Canada in British Columbia and the Yukon because of the limited number of stations, the non-representative nature of the valley stations and the variability of precipitation owing to the orographic effects. From the incomplete data, it is impossible to draw accurate isolines of short duration rainfall amounts on maps of national scale. Point values for all stations west of the Rocky Mountain range and in the Yukon have been plotted for durations of less than 24 hours. For the Vancouver metropolitan area, recording rain gauges have been in operation for several years. For some of these stations point rainfall data have been plotted on inset maps. The density of climatological stations varies widely as does population density. In general, the accuracy of the analysis increases with station density. North of latitude 55 degrees North, there are only five stations. Therefore, the isoline analyses represent extrapolations beyond the station values. Whenever sufficient data were available for interpretation, isolines were drawn as solid lines. The scale of the map used for Canada dictates the use of an isoline interval of 12 millimetres.

The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) contains a seamless mosaic of the National Weather Service's (NWS) digital forecasts of precipitation amounts. In collaboration with NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and NWS Weather Forecast Offices (WFO), the central NDFD server ingests 5-km, 2-dimensional grids of precipitation amounts, and creates experimental forecast data mosaics for the coterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam.

This map displays the Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) for the next 72 hours across the contiguous United States. Data are updated hourly from the National Digital Forecast Database produced by the National Weather Service.The dataset includes incremental and cumulative precipitation data in 6-hour intervals. In the ArcGIS Online map viewer you can enable the time animation feature and select either the "Amount by Time" (incremental) layer or the "Accumulation by Time" (cumulative) layer to view a 72-hour animation of forecast precipitation. All times are reported according to your local time zone.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) was designed to provide access to weather forecasts in digital form from a central location. The NDFD produces forecast data of sensible weather elements. NDFD contains a seamless mosaic of digital forecasts from National Weather Service (NWS) field offices working in collaboration with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). All of these organizations are under the administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.qpf.binWhere can I find other NDFD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

The GPM Ground Validation Rain Gauges NASA ACHIEVE IPHEx dataset was gathered during the GPM Ground Validation Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) in North Carolina from May 9, 2014 through June 14, 2014. This dataset includes data from the Optical Scientific Optical Rain Gauge instrument and Novalynx Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge instrument which are both part of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) ACHIEVE ground-based mobile laboratory. The optical rain gauge obtains high sensitivity optical measurements for precipitation rate and quantity, as well as measures 24-hour cumulative precipitation, precipitation rate, and temperature. The tipping bucket rain gauge is a standard tipping bucket rain gauge that measures 24-hour cumulative precipitation. Data files are available in netCDF-3 format.

Gridded files of radar-derived 24 hour precipitation accumulations, corrected by rain gauge data. Radar data from 1500 m over the Netherlands and surrounding area measured are corrected by data from KNMI's 325 manual rain gauges. Time interval is 1 day, from 8 to 8 UTC. KNMI has detected measurement anomalies caused by a defect in some rain gauges for manual precipitation observation. It concerns data from the second half of 2012 until present. At this moment KNMI is assessing the extent of the problem and investigates the options to repair the defect as soon as possible. For more information use the KNMI contact form (www.knmi.nl/contact).

This product shows the rain accumulation, in mm, over the last 24 hour period based on PRECIP-ET and DPQPE. For PRECIP-ET, this product is available every 10 minutes for C-Band radars and every 6 minutes for S-Band radars. For DPQPE, this product is available every 6 minutes.

Climatological radar rainfall dataset of 24 hour precipitation depths at a 1 km grid, which have been adjusted employing validated and complete rain gauge data from both KNMI rain gauge networks. This dataset is updated once a month providing data up to a few months ago.

These GIS grids were produced from NOAA precipitation frequency estimates for North America based on precipitation data collected from 1816 to 2014. The grids provide data for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year recurrence intervals for a 24-hour duration. Grid values are in inches.

The European climatological gauge-adjusted radar precipitation dataset, EURADCLIM, addresses the need for an accurate (sub-)daily precipitation product covering 8000000 square kilometers of Europe at high spatial resolution. It consists of 1-h and 24-h precipitation accumulations (every clock-hour) at a 2-km grid for the period 2013 through 2022. It is based on the European Meteorological Network (EUMETNET) Operational Program on the Exchange of weather RAdar Information (OPERA) gridded radar dataset of 15-min instantaneous surface rain rates. For EURADCLIM, first methods have been applied to further remove non-meteorological echoes from these images by applying two statistical methods and a satellite-based cloud type mask. Second, the radar composites are merged with the rain gauge data from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) in order to substantially improve its quality. We expect to rerun EURADCLIM once a year over the entire period, using all available ECA&D rain gauge data, and extend it with one year of data. This will result in a new version of this dataset. Project EURADCLIM was financed by KNMI’s multi-annual strategic research programme (project number 2017.02). The EURADCLIM dataset is based on the OPERA surface radar rain rate and daily precipitation sums of the rain gauge networks provided by the European national weather services and other data holding institutes, through ECA&D.

With respect to version 1, the changes include slightly improved removal of non-meteorological echoes, somewhat better rain gauge coverage over the years 2013 to 2020, and years 2021 and 2022 have been added to the dataset.

Usage: For each month a zip file is provided. The data are in UTC, where the time in the unzipped filenames is the end time of observation in UTC. Object "dataset1/data1" contains the 1-h precipitation accumulation in millimeters. For each grid cell, the availability for 1-h accumulations data is either no data or full availability, and can be determined from "dataset1/data1" through the "nodata" value (-9999000.0).

Last Revised: February 2016

Map Information

This nowCOAST™ time-enabled map service provides maps depicting the NWS Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) quantitative precipitation estimate mosaics for 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 48-, and 72-hr time periods at a 1 km (0.6 miles) horizontal resolution for CONUS and southern part of Canada. The precipitation estimates are based only on radar data. The total precipitation amount is indicated by different colors at 0.01, 0.10, 0.25 inches and then at 1/4 inch intervals up to 4.0 inches (e.g. 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, etc.), at 1-inch intervals from 4 to 10 inches and then at 2-inch intervals up to 14+ inches. The increments from 0.01 to 1.00 or 2.00 inches are similar to what are used on NCEP's Weather Prediction Center QPF products and the NWS River Forecast Center (RFC) daily precipitation analysis. The 1-hr mosaic is updated every 4 minutes with a latency on nowCOAST™ of about 6-7 minutes from valid time. The 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hr QPEs are updated on nowCOAST™ every hour for the period ending at the top of the hour. The 48- and 72-hr QPEs are generated daily for the period ending at 12 UTC (i.e. 7AM EST) and available on nowCOAST™ shortly afterwards. For more detailed information about layer update frequency and timing, please reference the
nowCOAST™ Dataset Update Schedule.

Background Information

The NWS Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor System (MRMS)/Q3 QPEs are radar-only based quantitative precipitation analyses. The 1-hr precipitation accumulation is obtained by aggregating 12 instantaneous rate fields. Missing rate fields are filled with the neighboring rate fields if the data gap is not significantly large (e.g.<=15 minutes). The instantaneous rate is computed from the hybrid scan reflectivity and the precipitation flag fields (both are 2-D derivative products from the National 3-D Reflectivity Mosaic grid which has a 1-km horizontal resolution, 31 vertical levels and a 5-minute update cycle). The instantaneous rate currently uses four Z-R relationships (i.e. tropical, convective, stratiform, or snow). The particular ZR relationship used in any grid cell depends on precipitation type which is indicated by the precipitation flag. The other accumulation products are derived by aggregating the hourly accumulations. The 1-hr QPE are generated every 4 minutes, while the 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hr accumulations are generated every hour at the top of the hour. The 48- and 72-hr QPEs are updated daily at approximately 12 UTC. MRMS was developed by NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory and migrated into NWS operations at NOAA Integrated Dissemination Program.

Time Information

This map service is time-enabled, meaning that each individual layer contains time-varying data and can be utilized by clients capable of making map requests that include a time component.

In addition to ArcGIS Server REST access, time-enabled OGC WMS 1.3.0 access is also provided by this service.

This particular service can be queried with or without the use of a time component. If the time parameter is specified in a request, the data or imagery most relevant to the provided time value, if any, will be returned. If the time parameter is not specified in a request, the latest data or imagery valid for the present system time will be returned to the client. If the time parameter is not specified and no data or imagery is available for the present time, no data will be returned.

This service is configured with time coverage support, meaning that the service will always return the most relevant available data, if any, to the specified time value. For example, if the service contains data valid today at 12:00 and 12:10 UTC, but a map request specifies a time value of today at 12:07 UTC, the data valid at 12:10 UTC will be returned to the user. This behavior allows more flexibility for users, especially when displaying multiple time-enabled layers together despite slight differences in temporal resolution or update frequency.

When interacting with this time-enabled service, only a single instantaneous time value should be specified in each request. If instead a time range is specified in a request (i.e. separate start time and end time values are given), the data returned may be different than what was intended.

Care must be taken to ensure the time value specified in each request falls within the current time coverage of the service. Because this service is frequently updated as new data becomes available, the user must periodically determine the service's time extent. However, due to software limitations, the time extent of the service and map layers as advertised by ArcGIS Server does not always provide the most up-to-date start and end times of available data. Instead, users have three options for determining the latest time extent of the service:

  Issue a returnUpdates=true request (ArcGIS REST protocol only)
  for an individual layer or for the service itself, which will return
  the current start and end times of available data, in epoch time format
  (milliseconds since 00:00 January 1, 1970). To see an example, click on
  the "Return Updates" link at the bottom of the REST Service page under
  "Supported Operations". Refer to the
  ArcGIS REST API Map Service Documentation
  for more information.


  Issue an Identify (ArcGIS REST) or GetFeatureInfo (WMS) request against
  the proper layer corresponding with the target dataset. For raster
  data, this would be the "Image Footprints with Time Attributes" layer
  in the same group as the target "Image" layer being displayed. For
  vector (point, line, or polygon) data, the target layer can be queried
  directly. In either case, the attributes returned for the matching
  raster(s) or vector feature(s) will include the following:


      validtime: Valid timestamp.


      starttime: Display start time.


      endtime: Display end time.


      reftime: Reference time (sometimes referred to as
      issuance time, cycle time, or initialization time).


      projmins: Number of minutes from reference time to valid
      time.


      desigreftime: Designated reference time; used as a
      common reference time for all items when individual reference
      times do not match.


      desigprojmins: Number of minutes from designated
      reference time to valid time.




  Query the nowCOAST™ LayerInfo web service, which has been created to
  provide additional information about each data layer in a service,
  including a list of all available "time stops" (i.e. "valid times"),
  individual timestamps, or the valid time of a layer's latest available
  data (i.e. "Product Time"). For more information about the LayerInfo
  web service, including examples of various types of requests, refer to
  the 
  nowCOAST™ LayerInfo Help Documentation

References

For more information about the MRMS/Q3 system, please see http://nmq.ou.edu and http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/projects/mrms.

The GPM Ground Validation National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor QPE (NMQ) System IPHEx dataset consists of six different data products: precipitation rate, hourly rainfall accumulation, daily rainfall accumulation, hybrid scan reflectivity, three-dimensional reflectivity, and vertically integrated liquid content estimates. These data products were created using the NOAA NMQ System which ingests Weather Surveillance Radar 88 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar data, Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model analysis fields, and Hydrometeorological Automated Data Systems (HADS) gauge data. The files provided in this dataset are from system output during the GPM Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) field campaign that occurred in the Southern Appalachians, spanning into the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of North Carolina. These data are available in ASCII and netCDF-4 formats for dates between April 30, 2014 through June 16, 2014.

The UK hourly rainfall data contain the rainfall amount (and duration from tilting syphon gauges) during the hour (or hours) ending at the specified time. The data also contains precipitation amounts, however precipitation measured over 24 hours are not stored. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details.

This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data.

The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, SREW and SSER. The data spans from 1915 to 2023.

This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset.

This data set includes three climate simulations of daily precipitation over the Himalayan region for summer and winter, covering different time periods: two 30-member ensemble simulations spanning 40-year time periods in the 20th century (1961-2000) and 21st century (2061-2100), and a present-day climate simulation from 1982 to 2017 nudged to reanalysis winds. These precipitation estimates were simulated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Forecast-oriented Low Ocean Resolution version of the CM2.5 model (GFDL FLOR).

The UK hourly rainfall data contain the rainfall amount (and duration from tilting syphon gauges) during the hour (or hours) ending at the specified time. The data also contains precipitation amounts, however precipitation measured over 24 hours are not stored. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, SREW and SSER. The data spans from 1915 to 2017. This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset.

This dataset consists of images and keyed data of daily precipitation strip charts for the country of El Salvador and have a period of record ranging from 1984 to 2010. The strip charts were rescued and imaged by the International Environmental Data Rescue Organization (IEDRO). These precipitation chart forms contain continuous ink traces representing the instantaneous measurement of rainfall amounts for a 24-hour period. The chart form background has a calibrated grid (usually in mm or inches) superimposed on the chart.

The plate contains four maps of 24 hour rainfalls (in millimetres) for a 2 year return period, a 5 year return period, a 10 year return period and a 25 year return period. Each map has a detailed inset of the Vancouver area. These four maps were not analyzed for the mountainous parts of Canada in British Columbia and the Yukon because of the limited number of stations, the non-representative nature of the valley stations and the variability of precipitation owing to the orographic effects. From the incomplete data, it is impossible to draw accurate isolines of short duration rainfall amounts on maps of national scale. Point values for all stations west of the Rocky Mountain range and in the Yukon have been plotted for durations of less than 24 hours. For the Vancouver metropolitan area, recording rain gauges have been in operation for several years. For some of these stations point rainfall data have been plotted on inset maps. The density of climatological stations varies widely as does population density. In general, the accuracy of the analysis increases with station density. North of latitude 55 degrees North, there are only five stations. Therefore, the isoline analyses represent extrapolations beyond the station values. Whenever sufficient data were available for interpretation, isolines were drawn as solid lines. The scale of the map used for Canada dictates the use of an isoline interval of 12 millimetres.

This publication contains hourly precipitation amounts obtained from recording rain gages located at National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and cooperative observer stations. Published data are displayed in inches to tenths or inches to hundredths at local standard time. HPD includes maximum precipitation for nine (9) time periods from 15 minutes to 24 hours, for selected stations. Hourly Precipitation Data publication period of record begins October 1951.

The Regional Deterministic Precipitation Analysis (RDPA) produces a best estimate of precipitation amounts that occurred over a period of 24 hours. The estimate integrates data from in situ precipitation gauge measurements, weather radar, satellite imagery and numerical weather prediction models. Geographic coverage is North America (Canada, United States and Mexico). Data is available at a horizontal resolution of 10 km. The 24 hour analysis is produced twice a day and is valid at 06 and 12 UTC. A preliminary analysis is available approximately 1 hour after the end of the accumulation period and a final one is generated 7 hours later in order to assimilate more gauge data.