In 1938, the year before the Second World War, the United States had, by far, the largest economy in the world in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). The five Allied Great Powers that emerged victorious from the war, along with the three Axis Tripartite Pact countries that were ultimately defeated made up the eight largest independent economies in 1938.

When values are converted into 1990 international dollars, the U.S. GDP was over 800 billion dollars in 1938, which was more than double that of the second largest economy, the Soviet Union. Even the combined economies of the UK, its dominions, and colonies had a value of just over 680 billion 1990 dollars, showing that the United States had established itself as the world's leading economy during the interwar period (despite the Great Depression).

Interestingly, the British and Dutch colonies had larger combined GDPs than their respective metropoles, which was a key motivator for the Japanese invasion of these territories in East Asia during the war. Trade with neutral and non-belligerent countries also contributed greatly to the economic development of Allied and Axis powers throughout the war; for example, natural resources from Latin America were essential to the American war effort, while German manufacturing was often dependent on Swedish iron supplies.

Tennessee's competitive labor costs, solid infrastructure and favorable business environment continue to draw manufacturers to the state. The state was recently ranked fifth in the nation for its business climate by the International Economic Development Council (IDEC), and with major strongholds in the transportation equipment, food processing and machinery industries, Tennessee remains a top destination to do business. Today, we're focusing on the latest trends in Tennessee's diverse manufacturing sector and exploring the ten largest manufacturing companies in the Volunteer State.

The state of Connecticut boasts a diverse manufacturing sector, making everything from high-tech aeronautics equipment and medical devices to semiconductor components and pharmaceuticals. With its highly educated workforce and focus on advanced manufacturing, Connecticut remains a top destination for high-tech and innovative enterprises. Today, we're exploring some of the key facts on the state's unique industrial sector and examining Connecticut's ten largest manufacturing companies, based on data collected by MNI.

How the Chinese Economy Works

The Chinese economy is the second largest in the world, after the United States. It is a mixed economy, with elements of both capitalism and socialism. The government plays a significant role in the economy, but there is also a growing private sector.

Agriculture

Agriculture is a major sector of the Chinese economy, employing about 25% of the workforce. China is a major producer of rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, and cotton. The country is also a leading producer of fruits, vegetables, and livestock.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing is the largest sector of the Chinese economy, accounting for about 40% of GDP. China is a major producer of a wide range of goods, including electronics, textiles, apparel, and machinery. The country is also a major exporter of manufactured goods.

Services

Services are the third largest sector of the Chinese economy, accounting for about 45% of GDP. This sector includes a wide range of activities, such as finance, transportation, real estate, and tourism.

Government

The government plays a significant role in the Chinese economy. The government owns and operates many state-owned enterprises, which are important players in the economy. The government also regulates the economy through a variety of policies, such as tariffs, subsidies, and taxes.

Private Sector

The private sector is growing in importance in the Chinese economy. Private companies are playing an increasing role in manufacturing, services, and other sectors. The government is encouraging the growth of the private sector by reducing regulations and providing support for small businesses.

Challenges

The Chinese economy faces a number of challenges, including:

Inequality: The gap between the rich and the poor is growing in China. Environmental degradation: China is facing serious environmental problems, such as air pollution and water pollution. Political stability: The Chinese government is facing increasing challenges to its authority. Outlook

The Chinese economy is expected to continue to grow in the coming years. However, the growth is likely to slow down as the country faces the challenges mentioned above.

Conclusion

The Chinese economy is a complex and dynamic system. It is a mix of capitalism and socialism, with a significant role for the government. The economy is growing rapidly, but it also faces a number of challenges.

Home to 18,000+ industrial companies and nearly a million related jobs, Ohio is among the nation's most powerful states for manufacturing. With its low business costs, solid infrastructure and abundant capital funding, the Buckeye state is home to both major names in the automotive sector and also medical equipment and industrial machinery. This article will explore the latest trends and statistics in the state's industrial sector and examine the top manufacturing companies in Ohio.

This work critically examines the emergence of a post-industrial economy in China as it continues to transform into a 21st century global leader. On August 15th, 2010, the Financial Times published an article stating that recently released figures from the International Monetary Fund show that China had surpassed Japan as the second-largest economy in the world and predicted that China will maintain its lead going forward . This is an astonishing feat for an emerging economy, as Japan had previously held the second-place position for over four decades. In recent years, China has outperformed other large emerging economies such as Brazil, Russia and India. As a result, it is important to examine China more closely and understand what is occurring within the country as it continues to grow and develop as a global leader. In the contemporary global environment, lasting economic advantage comes from attracting and retaining a talented and creative workforce. As China begins to transition from an industrial economy to a post-industrial economy, several factors including a more educated workforce, the development of domestic intellectual property and openness to a more diverse range of ideas and people are becoming more important. Against this backdrop, this report explores the emergence of a creative, service-driven, post-industrial economy in China by employing two methods of analysis developed by Richard Florida (2002). The first part of the analysis examines the changing occupational structure of China’s workforce. To execute this part of the analysis, we divide China’s workforce into the four occupational categories defined by Florida (2002): creative class, service class, working class and fishing, farming and forestry class. The second part of the analysis employs what are known as the “3Ts of economic development” to rank China’s regions according to their strengths in supporting a creative economy. The 3Ts of regional economic development include technology (high-tech employment and innovation), talent (education and skills), and tolerance (diversity and openness). The report explores China’s provincial-level regions and three of its four Municipalities, with a special interest in the dynamics and geography of the creative economy.

In April 2025, the Purchasing Leader Index (PLI) in China resided at about 49 percent. An indicator of the economic health of the manufacturing sector, the PLI is based on five major indicators: new orders, inventory levels, production, supplier deliveries, and the employment environment. An index value above 50 percent indicates a positive development in the industrial sector, whereas a value below 50 percent indicates a negative situation. The PLI as a major economic indicator The Purchasing Leader Index was first introduced by the US-based Institute of Supply Management in 1948. It has become one of the most widely used and closely watched indicators of business activities worldwide. The PLI is not only an apt indicator for manufacturing growth, it also supports interest rate decisions of central bank institutions. PLI figures around the globe were dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. In the Euro area, the PLI recovered from a considerable drop in April 2020, regaining pre-crisis level in June. In the United States, the monthly PLI indicated an even better improvement from low values in April and March. Recent PLI development in China As is shown in the graph at hand, the PLI of China as the world’s second-largest economy dropped considerably in February 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. In March, the index indicated a striking rebound and ranged at a level slightly above 50 index points afterwards. During 2021, the index was characterized by a slightly downward trend. In 2022, the index displayed an unstable development with two significant dips in April and December, finally concluding with a strong rebound in January 2023. The non-manufacturing PLI in China displayed a similar development.

Gross Output: Large-Medium Manufacturing: 26710: Photographic equipment industry data was reported at 3,266,262,939.000 IDR th in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,591,327,621.000 IDR th for 2013. Gross Output: Large-Medium Manufacturing: 26710: Photographic equipment industry data is updated yearly, averaging 3,428,795,280.000 IDR th from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2015, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,591,327,621.000 IDR th in 2013 and a record low of 3,266,262,939.000 IDR th in 2015. Gross Output: Large-Medium Manufacturing: 26710: Photographic equipment industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Mining and Manufacturing Sector – Table ID.BAG002: Manufacturing: ISIC Rev.4: Large and Medium Manufacturing: Gross Output.

With a robust economy, abundant capital funding, an educated workforce, and sharp focus on technology and innovation, Minnesota has a lot to offer manufacturers. According to CNBC's Best States for Business list, the state of Minnesota ranks 7th in the nation for business conditions, scoring an 'A' for technology and innovation, and an 'A+' for education. Today, we're exploring the latest statistics on Minnesota's robust manufacturing sector and diving into the ten largest manufacturing companies in the state.

Known for its rock-solid infrastructure and business-friendly environment, the state of Nevada is a top destination for manufacturers. The Silver State is famous for its massive mining operations, but it is also home to an eclectic range of companies, including gaming technology manufacturers and the world's first Gigafactory. This article will explore the latest facts on the state's industrial sector and getting to know the top manufacturing companies in Nevada.

Indonesia Gross Output: Large-Medium Manufacturing: 10297: Other aquatic biota freezing industry data was reported at 58,807,265.000 IDR th in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 131,005,297.000 IDR th for 2014. Indonesia Gross Output: Large-Medium Manufacturing: 10297: Other aquatic biota freezing industry data is updated yearly, averaging 94,906,281.000 IDR th from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2015, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 131,005,297.000 IDR th in 2014 and a record low of 58,807,265.000 IDR th in 2015. Indonesia Gross Output: Large-Medium Manufacturing: 10297: Other aquatic biota freezing industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Mining and Manufacturing Sector – Table ID.BAG002: Manufacturing: ISIC Rev.4: Large and Medium Manufacturing: Gross Output.

With its abundance of natural resources and low business costs, the state of Wyoming is home to a wide range of major industrial enterprises. MNI data shows the state is home to more than double the number of publicly owned industrial companies compared to the national average, while Wyoming is far less reliant on imported materials. This article will explore the latest trends and statistics in Wyoming's manufacturing sector and examine the top industrial companies in Wyoming.

This dataset provides values for MANUFACTURING PMI reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

For those looking to do business with New York manufacturers, it helps to have a thorough understanding of the state's manufacturing climate. Today we're focusing on some key statistics on New York's manufacturing sector and providing a look at the state's top companies.

The Global Investment Report 2023 revealed that after a sharp decline in 2020 and a strong rebound in 2021, global foreign direct investment (FDI) declined by 12 percent to $1.3 trillion in 2022. However, in developing countries, FDI increased by 4% to $916 billion, a record share of more than 70% of global flows. The number of greenfield investment projects in developing countries increased by 37 percent and international project finance transactions by 5 percent. Foreign investment from China, the second largest recipient of foreign investment globally, increased by 5 percent. The service industry has become the mainstream industry in the global FDI structure. The global industry is accelerating its transformation to a "service-based economy," international FDI in productive service industries has become an essential means of industrial transfer in developed countries and a meaningful way to upgrade the industrial structure and high-quality development in emerging economies. As a representative province in central China, Hubei Province has unique advantages in human capital, factor cost, and market potential, which provide preferential conditions to attract foreign investment. This paper first introduced the concept of the productive service industry, based on the relevant statistical data from 2011 to 2022, focused on the current situation of foreign investment utilization in five major sub-sectors of the productive service industry in Hubei Province in the past ten years, and empirically investigated the impact of foreign investment utilization in five major sub-sectors of the productive service industry on the economic growth of Hubei Province, and obtained that the level of foreign investment attraction varied significantly among the regions in Hubei Province. The three productive service industries, namely transportation, storage and postal services, information transmission, software and information technology services, and financial services, played a significant role in the active attraction and optimal utilization of foreign capital and the economic development of Hubei Province. Based on this, it was proposed to build a market-oriented rule of law and internationalized business environment, improve the infrastructure construction in different regions of the province, focus on the training of professional talents for the development of productive service industries, and pay attention to the improvement of independent innovation capacity.

From iconic auto plants to global appliance makers, Kentucky's manufacturing sector remains one of America's most productive. The state's industrial base blends deep automotive roots with a fast-growing mix of food, metals, and machinery producers. Today, we're exploring some key facts and insights on Kentucky manufacturing and providing information on the ten largest factories in the state.

2-Butene-1,4-Diol Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global 2-Butene-1,4-Diol market size was valued at $XX million in 2024 and is projected to reach $YY million by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of ZZ% during the forecast period of 2024–2033. The major factor propelling the growth of the 2-Butene-1,4-Diol market globally is the increasing demand for high-purity intermediates in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. This compound, known for its versatility as a synthetic intermediate, is witnessing heightened adoption due to its utility in producing specialty chemicals, advanced polymers, and high-performance dyes. As global industries shift towards more efficient and sustainable chemical processes, the role of 2-Butene-1,4-Diol as a critical raw material is becoming increasingly pronounced, driving both market expansion and technological innovation.

Regional Outlook

North America currently commands the largest share in the 2-Butene-1,4-Diol market, underpinned by its mature chemical manufacturing sector, advanced technological infrastructure, and stringent regulatory frameworks that demand high-purity chemical intermediates. The United States, in particular, boasts a well-established pharmaceutical and specialty chemicals industry that heavily relies on 2-Butene-1,4-Diol for synthesizing active ingredients and performance materials. The region’s robust research and development ecosystem, coupled with proactive environmental policies and a focus on sustainable manufacturing, further bolsters the adoption of high-purity grades. As a result, North America continues to set industry benchmarks, contributing a significant portion of the global market value and influencing global pricing and innovation trends.

The Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market for 2-Butene-1,4-Diol, projected to register a CAGR exceeding XX% during the forecast period. This impressive growth is largely attributed to rapid industrialization, expanding pharmaceutical and agrochemical sectors, and increasing foreign direct investments in countries such as China, India, and South Korea. Governments across the region are actively supporting local manufacturing through policy incentives, infrastructure development, and favorable trade agreements, which collectively stimulate demand for versatile chemical intermediates like 2-Butene-1,4-Diol. Additionally, the region’s cost-competitive production capabilities attract global manufacturers seeking to optimize supply chains, further amplifying market growth and capacity expansion.

In contrast, emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are experiencing gradual but steady adoption of 2-Butene-1,4-Diol, driven by localized demand in specialty chemicals and agricultural applications. However, these regions face unique challenges such as limited technological capabilities, infrastructural bottlenecks, and regulatory uncertainties. Despite these hurdles, increasing awareness of advanced chemical intermediates and ongoing policy reforms aimed at boosting domestic manufacturing are fostering incremental growth. Market participants are also exploring strategic collaborations and technology transfer agreements to overcome adoption barriers and tap into the latent demand across these developing markets.

Report Scope

The average for 2022 based on 153 countries was 24322.11 million U.S. dollars. The highest value was in China: 924393.34 million U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Antigua and Barbuda: 0 million U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 2007 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The early-20th century is often considered the most destructive period in European history, with the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s being defined by various aspects including recovery from the First World War, as well as fluctuating political and economic stability. In particular, the onset of the Great Depression in the U.S. created a ripple effect that was felt across the globe, especially in Europe. During this time, all major currencies were connected via the gold standard; however, several European countries had suspended the gold standard to print additional money during the First World War, and conditions had not re-stabilized by the onset of the Great Depression in the U.S. - the given countries would all abandon the gold standard by the outbreak of war in 1939. Germany Additionally, American investors withdrew much of their capital from Europe in the wake of the Wall Street Crash in 1929, and the U.S. government ceased all loans to Germany and demanded advanced repayments. The German economy had already collapsed in the early-1920s, and it became dependent on American loans to stabilize its economy and meet its reparation payments - this move by the American government caused a German economic collapse once more, sending the economy into a downward spiral. Regional differences For France, its industrial output dropped in the wake of the Great Depression, and it would not reach these levels again until after the Second World War. In contrast, the Soviet Union was largely shielded from the Great Depression, and its industrial output grew significantly in the build-up to WWII (albeit from a much less-developed starting point). For the other three countries listed, output would not reach pre-Depression levels until at least 1934.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global 1,2,3-Trichloropropane market size was valued at $102.7 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $153.4 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 4.5% during 2024–2033. The primary growth driver for this market globally is the increasing demand for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane as a chemical intermediate in the production of specialty chemicals and advanced polymers. This compound’s versatility, especially in the synthesis of epichlorohydrin and other value-added chemicals, is propelling its adoption across multiple end-use industries such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and chemical manufacturing. Additionally, the ongoing advancements in chemical processing technologies and the expansion of downstream applications are further supporting the market’s upward trajectory.

Regional Outlook

North America currently holds the largest share of the 1,2,3-Trichloropropane market, accounting for approximately 38% of the global market value in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the region’s mature chemical manufacturing sector, robust regulatory framework, and the presence of leading industry players. The United States, in particular, benefits from advanced technological infrastructure and a well-established network of chemical processing facilities, which ensure a steady supply and consistent quality of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. Moreover, stringent environmental regulations have spurred innovations in safer production and handling processes, further consolidating North America’s leadership in this market.

The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to be the fastest-growing market for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, with a projected CAGR exceeding 6.2% during the forecast period. This rapid growth is driven by significant investments in chemical manufacturing hubs, particularly in China, India, and Southeast Asian countries. The rising demand for agrochemicals and specialty chemicals, coupled with expanding pharmaceutical production, is catalyzing market expansion. Furthermore, favorable government policies aimed at boosting local manufacturing and the influx of foreign direct investments are enhancing the region’s production capabilities, making Asia Pacific a key growth engine for the global market.

Emerging economies in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing notable adoption of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, albeit from a lower base. These regions face challenges such as limited technological infrastructure, regulatory uncertainties, and fluctuating raw material prices. However, localized demand for agricultural chemicals and growing awareness regarding advanced chemical intermediates are gradually fostering market penetration. Policy initiatives aimed at modernizing the chemical sector and attracting international partnerships are expected to play a pivotal role in overcoming existing bottlenecks and unlocking new growth avenues in these emerging markets.

Report Scope