As of 2024, an estimate of **** million people lived in Bogotá — the capital of Colombia and most populated city in the country. With **** million, Medellín ranked second that year in the list of largest Colombian cities. Cali, located at the southwest of the country, followed closely behind with nearly *** million inhabitants.

Graph and download economic data for Geographical Outreach: Number of Branches in 3 Largest Cities, Excluding Headquarters, for Credit Unions and Financial Cooperatives for Colombia (COLFCBODULNUM) from 2008 to 2015 about branches, credit unions, Colombia, financial, and depository institutions.

This study was conducted using a sample of four cities in Colombia: Bogota, Medellin, Cali and Barranquilla. While this is not a nationally representative sample, the population that it represents is equivalent to around 1/3 of Colombia's National Population. The study focused on corruption victimization and attitudes toward democracy.

Here, you can find the syntaxis to reproduce the results related to the evaluation of changes in mortality by RTAs since the implementation of laws that penalize driving under the influence of alcohol in Colombia and three principal cities. This syntaxis is able to run in R software.

During the second quarter of 2024, Bogotá had the highest average monthly rent for offices among the major cities in Colombia. The average monthly rent in Bogotá was approximately ****** Colombian pesos per square meter. In Cali, the average rent of offices reached ****** Colombian pesos per square meter, a rise of over three percent from the second quarter of 2023. On the other hand, Barranquilla offered the most affordable offices, at slightly above ****** Colombian pesos per square meter.

Abstract

The STEP (Skills Toward Employment and Productivity) Measurement program is the first ever initiative to generate internationally comparable data on skills available in developing countries. The program implements standardized surveys to gather information on the supply and distribution of skills and the demand for skills in labor market of low-income countries.

The uniquely-designed Household Survey includes modules that measure the cognitive skills (reading, writing and numeracy), socio-emotional skills (personality, behavior and preferences) and job-specific skills (subset of transversal skills with direct job relevance) of a representative sample of adults aged 15 to 64 living in urban areas, whether they work or not. The cognitive skills module also incorporates a direct assessment of reading literacy based on the Survey of Adults Skills instruments. Modules also gather information about family, health and language.

Geographic coverage

13 major metropolitan areas: Bogota, Medellin, Cali, Baranquilla, Bucaramanga, Cucuta, Cartagena, Pasto, Ibague, Pereira, Manizales, Monteira, and Villavicencio.

Analysis unit

The units of analysis are the individual respondents and households. A household roster is undertaken at the start of the survey and the individual respondent is randomly selected among all household members aged 15 to 64 included. The random selection process was designed by the STEP team and compliance with the procedure is carefully monitored during fieldwork.

Universe

The target population for the Colombia STEP survey is all non-institutionalized persons 15 to 64 years old (inclusive) living in private dwellings in urban areas of the country at the time of data collection. This includes all residents except foreign diplomats and non-nationals working for international organizations.

The following groups are excluded from the sample: - residents of institutions (prisons, hospitals, etc.) - residents of senior homes and hospices - residents of other group dwellings such as college dormitories, halfway homes, workers' quarters, etc. - persons living outside the country at the time of data collection.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Stratified 7-stage sample design was used in Colombia. The stratification variable is city-size category.

First Stage Sample The primary sample unit (PSU) is a metropolitan area. A sample of 9 metropolitan areas was selected from the 13 metropolitan areas on the sample frame. The metropolitan areas were grouped according to city-size; the five largest metropolitan areas are included in Stratum 1 and the remaining 8 metropolitan areas are included in Stratum 2. The five metropolitan areas in Stratum 1 were selected with certainty; in Stratum 2, four metropolitan areas were selected with probability proportional to size (PPS), where the measure of size was the number of persons aged 15 to 64 in a metropolitan area.

Second Stage Sample The second stage sample unit is a Section. At the second stage of sample selection, a PPS sample of 267 Sections was selected from the sampled metropolitan areas; the measure of size was the number of persons aged 15 to 64 in a Section. The sample of 267 Sections consisted of 243 initial Sections and 24 reserve Sections to be used in the event of complete non-response at the Section level.

Third Stage Sample The third stage sample unit is a Block. Within each selected Section, a PPS sample of 4 blocks was selected; the measure of size was the number of persons aged 15 to 64 in a Block. Two sample Blocks were initially activated while the remaining two sample Blocks were reserved for use in cases where there was a refusal to cooperate at the Block level or cases where the block did not belong to the target population (e.g., parks, and commercial and industrial areas).

Fourth Stage Sample The fourth stage sample unit is a Block Segment. Regarding the Block segmentation strategy, the Colombia document 'FINAL SAMPLING PLAN (ARD-397)' states "According to the 2005 population and housing census conducted by DANE, the average number of dwellings per block in the 13 large cities or metropolitan areas was approximately 42 dwellings. Based on this finding, the defined protocol was to report those cases in which 80 or more dwellings were present in a given block in order to partition block using a random selection algorithm." At the fourth stage of sample selection, 1 Block Segment was selected in each selected Block using a simple random sample (SRS) method.

Fifth Stage Sample The fifth stage sample unit is a dwelling. At the fifth stage of sample selection, 5582 dwellings were selected from the sampled Blocks/Block Segments using a simple random sample (SRS) method. According to the Colombia document 'FINAL SAMPLING PLAN (ARD-397)', the selection of dwellings within a participant Block "was performed differentially amongst the different socioeconomic strata that the Colombian government uses for the generation of cross-subsidies for public utilities (in this case, the socioeconomic stratum used for the electricity bill was used). Given that it is known from previous survey implementations that refusal rates are highest amongst households of higher socioeconomic status, the number of dwellings to be selected increased with the socioeconomic stratum (1 being the poorest and 6 being the richest) that was most prevalent in a given block".

Sixth Stage Sample The sixth stage sample unit is a household. At the sixth stage of sample selection, one household was selected in each selected dwelling using an SRS method.

Seventh Stage Sample The seventh stage sample unit was an individual aged 15-64 (inclusive). The sampling objective was to select one individual with equal probability from each selected household.

Sampling methodologies are described for each country in two documents and are provided as external resources: (i) the National Survey Design Planning Report (NSDPR) (ii) the weighting documentation (available for all countries)

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The STEP survey instruments include:

• The background questionnaire developed by the World Bank (WB) STEP team
• Reading Literacy Assessment developed by Educational Testing Services (ETS).

All countries adapted and translated both instruments following the STEP technical standards: two independent translators adapted and translated the STEP background questionnaire and Reading Literacy Assessment, while reconciliation was carried out by a third translator.

The survey instruments were piloted as part of the survey pre-test.

The background questionnaire covers such topics as respondents' demographic characteristics, dwelling characteristics, education and training, health, employment, job skill requirements, personality, behavior and preferences, language and family background.

The background questionnaire, the structure of the Reading Literacy Assessment and Reading Literacy Data Codebook are provided in the document "Colombia STEP Skills Measurement Survey Instruments", available in external resources.

Cleaning operations

STEP data management process:

1) Raw data is sent by the survey firm 2) The World Bank (WB) STEP team runs data checks on the background questionnaire data. Educational Testing Services (ETS) runs data checks on the Reading Literacy Assessment data. Comments and questions are sent back to the survey firm. 3) The survey firm reviews comments and questions. When a data entry error is identified, the survey firm corrects the data. 4) The WB STEP team and ETS check if the data files are clean. This might require additional iterations with the survey firm. 5) Once the data has been checked and cleaned, the WB STEP team computes the weights. Weights are computed by the STEP team to ensure consistency across sampling methodologies. 6) ETS scales the Reading Literacy Assessment data. 7) The WB STEP team merges the background questionnaire data with the Reading Literacy Assessment data and computes derived variables.

Detailed information on data processing in STEP surveys is provided in "STEP Guidelines for Data Processing", available in external resources. The template do-file used by the STEP team to check raw background questionnaire data is provided as an external resource, too.`

Response rate

An overall response rate of 48% was achieved in the Colombia STEP Survey.

[English description below] Estos son los datos para Colombia de la Encuesta de Dinámicas Territoriales y Bienestar 2017-2018, parte del Programa Transformando Territorios de Rimisp, financiado por IDRC y realizado en colaboración, para su componente de investigación, con la Universidad Iberoamericana de México y la Universidad de los Andes de Colombia. La Encuesta de Dinámicas Territoriales y Bienestar (EDTB) es una encuesta de hogares aplicada en territorios rural-urbanos de Chile, Colombia y México durante el 2017 y 2018, en una muestra de cerca de 12 mil hogares entre los tres países. Es comparable entre los tres países. En el caso de Colombia, la encuesta es representativa de la población que vive en territorios funcionales rural-urbanos dentro de cada país, esto es, ciudades pequeñas y medianas (entre 15 mil y 350 mil habitantes) funcionalmente integradas con los municipios rurales colindantes. Estos territorios funcionales representan areas con una alta frecuencia de interacciones sociales y económicas, y con vínculos socio-espaciales complejos entre sus habitantes, organizaciones y firmas. El 33% de la población de Colombia vive en estos territorios. La muestra total para el país es de 4.497 hogares, siendo una muestra representativa de los habitantes de territorios rural-urbanos. Además, en Colombia, la EDTB es la primera encuesta de hogares representativa de los 7 millones de personas que viven en los municipios priorizados por las iniciativas de política del post-conflicto. La EDTB-Colombia incluye un módulo sobre el post-conflicto para obtener información sobre la reincorporación de personas desmovilizadas y reconciliación, incluyendo la percepción de las condiciones de los desmovilizados y los beneficios de la desmovilización, la voluntad a reconciliarse y a compartir actividades diarias con desmovilizados, además de la situación de victimización de los entrevistados o sus conocidos. La EDTB incluye, además de los tradicionales módulos socioeconómicos y demográficos de las encuestas de estándares de vida, módulos innovadores sobre autoempleo, movilidad intergeneracional, aspiraciones, capital social, y relaciones con instituciones locales y nacionales. También incluye información detallada en la distribución espacial de las actividades de los hogares y sus medios de vida: dónde viven, dónde estudian sus hijos, adónde realizan su trabajo, venden sus productos y realizan sus compras, y en dónde acceden a bienes y servicios. La encuesta permite mapear flujos rural-urbanos recíprocos de personas, bienes y servicios, y analizar su correlación con características del hogar, características de su medio y trayectorias de crecimiento inclusivo. De manera importante, la información de la EDTB no incluye solo flujos de zonas rurales a urbanas, sino también de zonas urbanas a rurales. Este nivel de detalle permite también estudiar los resultados en bienestar en relación con la intensidad de los vínculos rural-urbanos y la participación de las personas en estos vínculos. Más aún, el uso de datos de hogares ofrece información sobre las heterogeneidades que existen entre diferences grupos de personas (como los hogares en distintos grupos socioeconómicos y miembros del hogar por género y edad), lo que permite un mejor entendimiento del impacto diferencial que las distintas intervenciones de política territoriales podrían tener para diferentes grupos de la población. La información contenida en la EDTB sobre movimientos relacionados con trabajos, educación , salud y alimentación, pueden guiar la planificación de la inversión y y la coordinacio´n entre unidades administrativas. Nuestros datos se encuentran registrados en 7 archivos diferentes, tanto en formato DTA (para uso con Stata 15) como en CSV: Base hogar ("b1_colombia_base_hogar"): Contiene todas las preguntas de los módulos básicos de la encuesta que consideran al hogar como unidad básica. Base individual ("b2_colombia_base_individual"): Contiene preguntas dirigidas a los distintos miembros del hogar como individuos, principalmente relacionadas con sus actividades laborales y sus características sociodemográficas. Base autoempleado no silvoagropecuario ("b3_colombia_base_autoempleado_no_silvoagropecuario"): Contiene información sobre las actividades autoempleadas de los miembros del hogar, en sectores distintos a la agricultura, ganadería y silvicultura. Base autoempleado silvoagropecuario ("b4_colombia_base_autoempleado_silvoagropecuario"): Contiene información sobre las actividades autoempleadas de los miembros del hogar en agricultura, ganadería y silvicultura. Módulo especial 1 ("e1_colombia_especiales_1"): Contiene información sobre los otros módulos especiales: movilidad intergeneracional, bienestar psicosocial, instituciones públicas y capital social, y percepción del entorno. Además incluye el módulo sobre post-conflicto. 6. Módulo especial 2 ("e2_colombia_especiales_2"): Contiene información sobre los módulos de migración de miembros del hogar. Módulo otros migrantes ("e3_colombia_otros_migrantes"): Contiene información sobre antiguos miembros del hogar que han migrado recientemente. Se pueden encontrar, junto con estos datos, los documentos sobre metodología de muestreo, cuestionarios y diccionarios de variables, en formato PDF. ****************************************************** These are the datasets of the Territorial Dynamics and Wellbeing Household Survey 2017-2018 for Colombia, part of the Transforming Territories Program from Rimisp, financed by IDRC and developed collaboratively, in its research component, with the Universidad Iberoamedicana in Mexico and the Universidad de los Andes in Colombia. The Territorial Dynamics and Wellbeign Household Survey (TDWHS) is a household survey applied in rural-urban territories in Chile, Colombia and Mexico around 2018 on a sample of aproximately 12,000 households for the three countries. Is comparable between the three countries. In the case of Colombia, the survey is representative of the population living in rural-urban functional territories in each country, that is, small and medium cities (between 15 thousand and 350 thousand inhabitants approximately) that are functionally integrated with surrounding rural municipalities. 33% of the population in Colombia lives in those territories. In addition to the typical modules of living standard surveys, the TDWHS includes innovative modules on self-employment, inter-generational mobility, aspirations,social capital, and relationship with local and national institutions. It also includes detailed information on the spatial distribution of household activities and livelihood strategies: where people live and their children go to school, where they work and sell their products, where they buy food and access public goods andservices. Furthermore, in Colombia, the TDWHS is also the first representative household survey of the 7 million people living in the municipalities that were prioritized by the post-conflict policy initiatives. The TDWBHS-Colombia includes a post conflict module to learn about the reincorporation of demobilized people and reconciliation, including theperception of the conditions of the demobilized people and the benefits of demobilization, the willingness to reconcile and to share daily activities with demobilized people, as well as respondents’ victimization or the victimization of their acquaintances. The TDWHS allows to map reciprocal rural-urban flows of people, goods and services, and analyze their correlation with household characteristics, place characteristics and trajectories of inclusive growth. Importantly, the information of the TDWHS does not only include flows from rural to urban, but also from urban to rural. This level of detail also allows investigating people’s welfare outcomes in relation to the intensity of local rural-urban linkages and people’s participation in them. Moreover, the use of household data offers insights on the heterogeneities that exist among different groups of people (such as households in different socioeconomic groups and household members by gender and age), which in turn provides a better understanding of the differential impact that different territorial policy interventions may have for different groups of the population. The information contained in the T&BHS on movements related to jobs, education, health, and food, can guide investments planning and coordination among administrative units. Our data is stored in 7 separated archives per country, available both in DTA (for Stata 15) and in CSV: Household data ("b1_colombia_base_hogar"): Contains all questions in our questionnaire that considered the household as the fundamental unit. Individual data ("b2_colombia_base_individual"): Contains the data asked for different members of the household as individuals, mainly data about jobs and sociodemographic characteristics. Self-employed activities outside agriculture, livestock and forestry ("b3_colombia_base_autoempledo_no_silvoagropecuario"): This dataset contain information about the self-employed activities of household members in any activity other than agrarian, forestry and livestock activities. Self-employed activities outside agriculture, livestock and forestry ("b3_colombia_base_autoempledo_no_silvoagropecuario"): This dataset contain information about the self-employed activities of household members agrarian, forestry and livestock activities. Special modules 1 ("e1_colombia_especiales_1"): Contains information about other special modules: inter-generational mobility, psychosocial wellbeing, political institutions and social capital, and perception of living environment. Also, this file includes the post-conflict module. Special modules 2 ("e2_colombia_especiales_2"): This dataset contains information about migration from household members. Other migrant

Medellín in Colombia was the favorite city among female digital nomads worldwide as of April 2024, being rated with four out of five points. Three of the five cities in the list are European.

As recorded by the source, Moroccans ranked as the foreign nationality with more residents in Spain in 2023, closely followed by Romanians. After years of losing its foreign population, Spain’s immigration figures started to pick up in 2015, with the number of people that moved to the Mediterranean country surpassing the number of foreigners that decided to leave.

A matter of balance The net migration rate of Spain changed its course mainly due to the great inflow of foreigners that move to reside in the Mediterranean country. Spain’s immigration flow slowed down after the 2008 financial crisis, albeit the number of foreigners that opted to change their residence saw a significant growth in the last years. In 2022, Colombians ranked first as the foreign nationality that most relocated to Spain, distantly followed by Moroccans and Ukranians.

Spain does not have the highest number of immigrants in Europe In recent years, the European Union confronted a rising number of refugees arriving from the Middle East. Migration figures show that Germany accommodated approximately 15 million foreign-born citizens, ranking it as the country that most hosted immigrants in Europe in 2022. By comparison, Spain’s foreign population stood slightly over seven million, positioning the Western Mediterranean country third on the European list of foreign-born population. Unfortunately, thousands of persons have died ore gone missing trying to reach Spanish territory, as more and more irregular migrants opt to use dangerous maritime routes to arrive at Southern Europe from Africa's coasts.