After a period of gradual decline, the average annual rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage in the United States rose to 6.81 percent in 2023, up from the record-low 2.96 percent in 2021. The rate for 15-year fixed mortgages and five-year ARM mortgages followed a similar trend. This was a result of the Federal Reserve increasing the bank rate - a measure introduced to tackle the rising inflation. U.S. home prices going through the roof Mortgage rates have a strong impact on the market – the lower the rate, the lower the loan repayment. The rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage decreasing after the Great Recession has stimulated the market and boosted home sales. Another problem consumers face is the fact that house prices are rising at an unaffordable level. The median sales price of a new home sold surged in 2021, while the median weekly earnings of a full-time employee maintained a more moderate increase. What are the differences between 15-year and 30-year mortgages? Two of the most popular loan terms available to homebuyers are the 15-year fixed-rate mortgage and the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage. The 30-year option appeals to more consumers because the repayment is spread out over 30 years, meaning the monthly payments are lower. Consumers choosing the 15-year option will have to pay higher monthly payments but benefit from lower interest rates.

The 10-year treasury constant maturity rate in the U.S. is forecast to decline by 0.8 percent by 2026, while the 30-year fixed mortgage rate is expected to fall by 1.6 percent. From seven percent in the third quarter of 2023, the average 30-year mortgage rate is projected to reach 5.4 percent in 2026.

Graph and download economic data for 30-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the Southeast Freddie Mac Region (DISCONTINUED) (MORTGAGE30SE) from 1976-03-26 to 2015-12-31 about Southeast Freddie Mac Region, 30-year, fixed, mortgage, rate, and USA.

Mortgage rates increased at a record pace in 2022, with the 10-year fixed mortgage rate doubling between March 2022 and December 2022. With inflation increasing, the Bank of England introduced several bank rate hikes, resulting in higher mortgage rates. In September 2023, the average 10-year fixed rate interest rate reached 5.1 percent. As borrowing costs get higher, demand for housing is expected to decrease, leading to declining market sentiment and slower house price growth. How have the mortgage hikes affected the market? After surging in 2021, the number of residential properties sold declined in 2022, reaching close to 1.3 million. Despite the number of transactions falling, this figure was higher than the period before the COVID-10 pandemic. The falling transaction volume also impacted mortgage borrowing. Between the first quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the value of new mortgage loans fell year-on-year for fourth straight quarters in a row. How are higher mortgages affecting homebuyers? Homeowners with a mortgage loan usually lock in a fixed rate deal for two to ten years, meaning that after this period runs out, they need to renegotiate the terms of the loan. Many of the mortgages outstanding were taken out during the period of record-low mortgage rates and have since faced notable increases in their monthly repayment. About five million homeowners are projected to see their deal expire by the end of 2026. About two million of these loans are projected to experience a monthly payment increase of up to 199 British pounds by 2026.

Mortgage interest rates worldwide varied greatly in 2024, from less than four percent in many European countries, to as high as 44 percent in Turkey. The average mortgage rate in a country depends on the central bank's base lending rate and macroeconomic indicators such as inflation and forecast economic growth. Since 2022, inflationary pressures have led to rapid increase in mortgage interest rates. Which are the leading mortgage markets? An easy way to estimate the importance of the mortgage sector in each country is by comparing household debt depth, or the ratio of the debt held by households compared to the county's GDP. In 2023, Switzerland, Australia, and Canada had some of the highest household debt to GDP ratios worldwide. While this indicator shows the size of the sector relative to the country’s economy, the value of mortgages outstanding allows to compare the market size in different countries. In Europe, for instance, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France were the largest mortgage markets by outstanding mortgage lending. Mortgage lending trends in the U.S. In the United States, new mortgage lending soared in 2021. This was largely due to the growth of new refinance loans that allow homeowners to renegotiate their mortgage terms and replace their existing loan with a more favorable one. Following the rise in interest rates, the mortgage market cooled, and refinance loans declined.

Mortgage rates in the Netherlands increased sharply in 2022 and 2023, after declining gradually between 2008 and 2021. In December 2022, the average interest rate for new mortgage loans stood at 1.65 percent, and by the end of 2023, it had risen to 4.13 percent. The 10-year interest rate was the lowest, at 2.96 percent; the floating and less than one-year interest rates amounted to 5.13 and 4.62 percent, respectively. In early 2024, mortgage rates decreased notably. Are mortgage rates in the Netherlands different from those in other European countries? When comparing this ranking to data that covers multiple European countries, the Netherlands’ mortgage rate was similar to the rates found in Spain, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. It was, however, a lot lower than the rates in Eastern Europe. Hungary and Romania, for example, had some of the highest mortgage rates. For more information on the European mortgage market and how much the countries differ from each other, please visit this dedicated research page. How big is the mortgage market in the Netherlands? The Netherlands has overall seen an increase in the number of mortgage loans sold and is regarded as one of the countries with the highest mortgage debt in Europe. The reason behind this is that Dutch homeowners were able to for many years to deduct interest paid from pre-tax income (a system known in the Netherlands as hypotheekrenteaftrek). Total mortgage debt of Dutch households has been increasing year-on-year since 2013.

The Latin America Home Mortgage Finance Market is segmented by type (Fixed-rate Mortgage, Adjustable-rate Mortgage), by Tenure (Up to 5 Years, 6 - 10 Years, 11 - 24 Years, and 25 - 30 Years), and by Geography (Brazil, Chile, Peru, Colombia, and the Rest of Latin America). The report offers market size and forecasts for Latin America Home Mortgage Finance Market in value (USD Billion) for all the above segments.

Qatar's Mortgage/Loan Brokers Market is Segmented by Type of Mortgage Loan (Conventional Mortgage Loan, Jumbo Loan, Government-Insured Mortgage Loan, Other Types of Mortgage Loans ), by Mortgage Loan Terms (30-Year Mortgage, 20- Year Mortgage, 15-Year Mortgage, Other Mortgage Loan Terms), by Interest Rate (Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loan, Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Loan) and by Provider (Primary Mortgage Lender, Secondary Mortgage Lender). The Report Offers Market Size and Values in (USD) During the Forecasted Years for the Above Segments.

The benchmark interest rate in Sweden was last recorded at 2.25 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sweden Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

China Mortgage/Loan Brokers Market is Segmented by Type of Mortgage Loan (Conventional Mortgage Loan, Jumbo Loan, Government-Insured Mortgage Loan, Other Types of Mortgage Loan), by Mortgage Loan Terms (30-Year Mortgage, 20- Year Mortgage, 15-Year Mortgage, Others), by Interest Rate (Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loan, Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Loan) and by Provider (Primary Mortgage Lender, Secondary Mortgage Lender). The Report Offers Market Size and Forecasts for the China Mortgage/Loan Brokers Market in Value (USD) for all the Above Segments.

The Brazil Home Loan Market is segmented By Source (Bank and Housing Finance Companies), By Interest Rate (Fixed Rate and Floating Rate), and By Tenure (Up to 5 Years, 6 - 10 Years, 11 - 24 Years, and 25 - 30 Years). The report offers market size and forecasts in value (USD) for all the above segments.

After a period of record-low mortgage interest rates, the cost of mortgage borrowing in Germany surged in 2022. In 2019, mortgage rates declined notably, falling as low as 1.16 percent in December 2020. This downward trend reversed in 2021, as mortgage rates started to gradually pick up. Five-to-ten-year mortgage loans had the lowest rates in October 2023 at 3.85 percent, while floating rate mortgages up to one year were the most expensive at 5.53 percent. Mortgages with over 10-year fixed period – the most popular loan type among homebuyers - had an interest rate of 3.9 percent.

Why did mortgage rates in Germany increase?

In 2022, the yearly inflation rate in Germany experienced a swift rise, prompting the central bank to raise interest rates to counter this surge. The European Central Bank (ECB) is responsible for determining Germany's central bank interest rate. In July 2022, following a prolonged period of stability, the average interest rates in Germany began a steady rise, which persisted consistently thereafter.  This increase is intended to stabilize prices, but it also means higher borrowing costs for those seeking mortgages.

Downturn in Germany's home loan borrowing

From 2022 onward, the gross residential mortgage lending in Germany fell dramatically. Besides the higher interest rates, the downturn can be explained by the slowed pace of economic growth, which makes individuals and businesses more cautious about big investments such as buying a home. Additionally, the German housing market suffers a chronic undersupply, meaning that homebuyers often struggle to find an affordable home to purchase.

Indonesia's Mortgage/Loan Brokers Market is Segmented by Type of Mortgage Loan (Conventional Mortgage Loan, Jumbo Loan, Government-Insured Mortgage Loan, Other Types of Mortgage Loan), by Mortgage Loan Terms (30-Year Mortgage, 20- Year Mortgage, 15-Year Mortgage, Other Mortgage Loan Terms), by Interest Rate (Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loan, Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Loan) and by Provider (Primary Mortgage Lender, Secondary Mortgage Lender). The Report Offers Market Size and Forecasts for the Indonesia Mortgage/Loan Brokers Market in Value (USD) for all the Above Segments.

The average mortgage interest rate decreased in nearly every country in Europe between 2012 and 2021, followed by an increase in response to inflation. In Hungary, Poland, Czechia, and Romania, mortgage rates peaked in late 2022 and the beginning of 2023, followed by a gradual decline until the first quarter of 2024. The rest of the countries under observation, including the biggest mortgage markets - the UK and Germany, saw a continued increase in interest rates until the fourth quarter of 2023. In the first quarter of 2024, mortgage interest rates declined quarter-on-quarter across almost all markets in focus, marking a long awaited easing of monetary policy.

Home Loan Market is Segmented by Provider (Banks, Housing Finance Companies, and Others), by Interest Rate (Fixed Interest Rate and Floating Interest Rate), by Tenure (Less Than 5 Years, 6-10 Years, 11-24 Years, and 25-30 Years), by Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle-East and Africa, Latin America). The Report Offers Market Size and Forecasts for the Home Loan Market in Value (USD Billion) for all the Above Segments.

The India Home Mortgage Finance Market Report is Segmented by Source (Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) and Banks), by Interest Rate (Fixed Rate and Floating Rate), and by Tenure (Up To 5 Years, 6 - 10 Years, 11 - 24 Years, and 25 - 30 Years). The Report Offers Market Size and Forecasts for India Home Mortgage Finance Market in Value (USD Million) for all the Above Segments.

As of March 2025, the maximum interest rate for 21 to 35-year fixed-rate Flat 35 housing loans with a loan-to-value ratio of 90 percent or less in Japan stood at 3.69 percent. This represented an increase compared to 3.57 percent in December 2024.

The average price per square foot of floor space in new single-family housing in the United States decreased after the great financial crisis, followed by several years of stagnation. Since 2012, the price has continuously risen, hitting 168 U.S. dollars per square foot in 2022. In 2024, the average sales price of a new home exceeded 500,000 U.S. dollars. Development of house sales in the U.S. One of the reasons for rising property prices is the gradual growth of house sales between 2011 and 2020. This period was marked by the gradual recovery following the subprime mortgage crisis and a growing housing sentiment. Another significant factor for the housing demand was the growing number of new household formations each year. Despite this trend, housing transactions plummeted in 2021, amid soaring prices and borrowing costs. In 2021, the average construction cost for single-family housing rose by nearly 12 percent year-on-year, and in 2022, the increase was even higher, at close to 17 percent. Financing a house purchase Mortgage interest rates in the U.S. rose dramatically in 2022 and remained elevated until 2024. In 2020, a homebuyer could lock in a 30-year fixed interest rate of under three percent, whereas in 2024, the average rate for the same mortgage type was more than twice higher. That has led to a decline in homebuyer sentiment, and an increasing share of the population pessimistic about buying a home in the current market.

Mortgage interest rates in Europe soared in 2022 and remained elevated in 2023. In many countries, this resulted in interest rates more than doubling. In Denmark, the average mortgage interest rate rose from 0.67 percent in 2021 to 4.98 percent in 2023. Why did mortgage interest rates increase? Mortgage rates have risen as a result of the European Central Bank (ECB) interest rate increase. The ECB increased its interest rates to tackle inflation. As inflation calms, the ECB is expected to cut rates, which will allow mortgage lenders to reduce mortgage interest rates. What is the impact of interest rates on homebuying? Lower interest rates make taking out a housing loan more affordable, and thus, encourage homebuying. That can be seen in many countries across Europe: In France, the number of residential properties sold rose in the years leading up to 2021, and fell as interest rates increased. The number of houses sold in the UK followed a similar trend.

Key information about China Long Term Interest Rate

• China Treasury Bond Yield: Interbank: Spot Yield: 10 year was reported at 1.64 % pa in Jan 2025, compared with 1.69 % pa in the previous month.
• China Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jul 2008 to Jan 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4.63 % pa in Dec 2013 and a record low of 1.64 % pa in Jan 2025.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by National Interbank Funding Center.

• In the latest reports, China Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: SHIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 1.70 % pa in Jan 2025.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: China: Rediscount Rate) was set at 2.65 % pa in Jun 2023.
• China Exchange Rate against USD averaged 7.16 (USD/RMB) in Jun 2023.