A set of 3D digital maps show the interior structure of a building or a venue. It includes floors, units, place-of-interest and other indoor map features which supports indoor navigation, indoor spatial analysis, etc.
This layer shows the 3D indoor map of some buildings' interior structures in Hong Kong. It is a set of the data made available by Lands Department under the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the "Government") at https://portal.csdi.gov.hk ("CSDI Portal"). The source data has been processed and converted into Esri File Geodatabase format and then uploaded to Esri’s ArcGIS Online platform for sharing and reference purpose. The objectives are to facilitate our Hong Kong ArcGIS Online users to use the data in a spatial ready format and save their data conversion effort.For details about the data, source format and terms of conditions of usage, please refer to the website of Hong Kong CSDI Portal at https://portal.csdi.gov.hk.
This layer shows the 3D indoor map of some buildings' interior structures in Hong Kong. It is a set of the data made available by Lands Department under the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the "Government") at https://portal.csdi.gov.hk ("CSDI Portal"). The source data has been processed and converted into Esri File Geodatabase format and then uploaded to Esri’s ArcGIS Online platform for sharing and reference purpose. The objectives are to facilitate our Hong Kong ArcGIS Online users to use the data in a spatial ready format and save their data conversion effort.For details about the data, source format and terms of conditions of usage, please refer to the website of Hong Kong CSDI Portal at https://portal.csdi.gov.hk.
According to our latest research, the global 3D Mapping Robots for Interiors market size reached USD 1.19 billion in 2024, and is set to expand at a robust CAGR of 17.8% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 5.13 billion. This remarkable growth is primarily driven by the increasing adoption of automation and digitalization across architecture, construction, and facility management sectors, where high-precision interior mapping has become indispensable for optimizing workflows and enhancing spatial analytics.
One of the most significant growth factors for the 3D Mapping Robots for Interiors market is the rising demand for efficient and accurate indoor mapping solutions in the commercial and industrial sectors. Businesses are increasingly recognizing the value of high-resolution, three-dimensional spatial data for applications such as facility management, real estate visualization, and interior renovations. The integration of advanced technologies like LiDAR and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) has dramatically improved the precision and speed of interior mapping, reducing human error and manual labor. As a result, organizations are able to streamline their operations, improve asset utilization, and make data-driven decisions, fueling further market expansion.
Another pivotal driver is the rapid advancement in robotics and artificial intelligence, which has enabled the development of autonomous and semi-autonomous 3D mapping robots. These robots are capable of navigating complex indoor environments with minimal human intervention, providing real-time spatial data and high-definition maps. The proliferation of smart buildings and the increasing need for digital twins in urban development have further accelerated the adoption of 3D mapping robots. Additionally, the growing trend of remote monitoring and predictive maintenance in facility management is pushing organizations to invest in these innovative solutions, thereby contributing to the market’s sustained growth.
Consumer expectations in the residential and real estate sectors are also reshaping the 3D Mapping Robots for Interiors market. Homeowners, property developers, and real estate agents are leveraging 3D mapping robots to create immersive virtual tours and precise floor plans, enhancing the buying and selling experience. The increasing popularity of online property listings and virtual walkthroughs is driving demand for high-quality interior maps, which only advanced 3D mapping robots can deliver. This shift is opening up new revenue streams for manufacturers and service providers, as the technology becomes more accessible and affordable for smaller enterprises and individual users.
From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the 3D Mapping Robots for Interiors market, owing to early adoption of advanced robotics, a strong presence of key industry players, and significant investments in smart infrastructure projects. Europe follows closely, driven by stringent regulations on building safety and energy efficiency, which necessitate accurate interior mapping. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest CAGR of 21.3% through 2033, fueled by rapid urbanization, large-scale construction activities, and increasing technological adoption in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America are also showing promising growth, albeit from a smaller base, as digital transformation initiatives gain momentum in these regions.
The Product Type segment of the 3D Mapping Robots for Interiors market is categorized into Autonomous 3D Mapping Robots, Semi-Autonomous 3D Mapping Robots, and Manual 3D Mapping Robots. Among these, Autonomous 3D Mapping Robots have emerged as the leading segment, accounting for over 47% of the market share in 2024. Their ability to operate independently, navigate co
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The 3D Wayfinding Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for enhanced user experience and improved navigation in complex environments. The market, estimated at $1.5 billion in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several factors, including the proliferation of smartphones and mobile applications, the rising adoption of indoor mapping and navigation technologies in various sectors like retail, healthcare, and transportation, and the increasing need for accessible wayfinding solutions for individuals with disabilities. The diverse range of applications, from mobile apps to kiosk-based systems, caters to a wide spectrum of users and environments, further boosting market expansion. Key market trends include the integration of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies for more immersive and interactive wayfinding experiences, the development of sophisticated analytics capabilities to track user behavior and optimize navigation systems, and a growing focus on cloud-based solutions for improved scalability and accessibility. While the market exhibits significant potential, certain restraints hinder its complete realization. These include the high initial investment costs associated with implementing 3D wayfinding systems, the need for accurate and regularly updated map data, and potential challenges related to data privacy and security. Nevertheless, the overall market outlook remains positive, driven by the continuous technological advancements and the expanding adoption of innovative solutions across a wide array of industries and geographic locations. The significant number of companies involved highlights the competitive landscape, but also showcases the widespread interest and belief in the future of this rapidly evolving sector. This competitive landscape promotes innovation and the development of diverse and specialized solutions to suit various market needs.
This layer shows the Floor Plan of a 3D Intelligent Map in an area of To Kwa Wan in Hong Kong. It is a set of data made available by the Urban Renewal Authority under the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the "Government") at https://GEODATA.GOV.HK/ ("Hong Kong Geodata Store"). The source data is in GML format and has been processed and converted into Esri File Geodatabase format and uploaded to Esri's ArcGIS Online platform for sharing and reference purpose. The objectives are to facilitate our Hong Kong ArcGIS Online users to use the data in a spatial ready format and save their data conversion effort.For details about the data, source format and terms of conditions of usage, please refer to the website of Hong Kong Geodata Store at https://geodata.gov.hk.
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According to our latest research, the global Indoor Mapping for First Responders market size reached USD 1.47 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust adoption rate driven by increasing demand for advanced emergency response technologies. The market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 13.8% during the forecast period, with the value anticipated to reach USD 4.26 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily propelled by the rising prevalence of smart building infrastructures, heightened focus on public safety, and the integration of real-time location and mapping solutions to enhance first responder efficiency and outcomes.
The accelerating adoption of digital transformation across emergency response sectors is a significant growth driver for the Indoor Mapping for First Responders market. As urban environments become more complex, first responders face increasing challenges in navigating unfamiliar indoor spaces during critical incidents. The implementation of indoor mapping technologies, such as real-time location systems (RTLS) and 3D mapping, enables responders to access detailed building layouts, identify the quickest routes, and locate individuals in distress with greater precision. These advancements not only reduce response times but also improve operational safety, making indoor mapping solutions indispensable tools for firefighting, law enforcement, and emergency medical services. Furthermore, the proliferation of IoT devices and sensors within modern buildings is facilitating seamless data integration, further enhancing the accuracy and utility of indoor maps for first responders.
Another pivotal factor fueling market expansion is the increasing collaboration between technology providers, public safety organizations, and government agencies. Many governments are investing in smart city initiatives and public safety infrastructure upgrades, which often include the deployment of indoor mapping and positioning systems. These initiatives are supported by policy frameworks that mandate the integration of advanced navigation tools in commercial buildings, hospitals, and critical infrastructure. The heightened emphasis on disaster preparedness and the need for coordinated emergency responses are compelling stakeholders to adopt comprehensive indoor mapping solutions. As a result, vendors are focusing on developing interoperable platforms that can seamlessly integrate with existing emergency management systems, ensuring that first responders have access to real-time, actionable information during emergencies.
The growing awareness of the benefits associated with indoor mapping technologies is also contributing to market growth. End-users, particularly in high-risk environments such as hospitals, airports, and large commercial complexes, are recognizing the value of equipping first responders with precise indoor navigation tools. This trend is further supported by advancements in cloud computing and mobile connectivity, which enable real-time updates and remote access to critical mapping data. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms is enhancing the predictive capabilities of indoor mapping systems, allowing responders to anticipate hazards and make informed decisions under pressure. These technological innovations are expected to drive further adoption and spur continuous development within the Indoor Mapping for First Responders market.
Regionally, North America dominates the market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and the Asia Pacific. The presence of leading technology vendors, well-established public safety frameworks, and significant investments in emergency response infrastructure contribute to North America's leadership. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is witnessing the fastest growth, propelled by rapid urbanization, government-led smart city projects, and increasing investments in public safety technologies. Europe continues to see steady adoption, driven by regulatory mandates and cross-border emergency response collaborations. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also emerging as promising markets, supported by efforts to modernize emergency response systems and improve disaster resilience.
The Component segment of the Indoor Mapping for First Responders market is categorized into software, hardware, and services, each playing a crucial
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The Artificial Intelligence based Indoor Navigation System using Augmented Reality (AIINS) helps the person to make use of the AIINS to navigate the unknown places easily without deviating to wrong path using 3D map. The person can take a photo about an object/scenery, etc. If the person don™t know how to reach that target location of the taken photo then they can send that taken photo to the cloud server. The cloud server will process the data of photo based on past history or previous database and it will generate a 3D map from the source person to the target. That 3D map will be send by cloud server to the source person. Then the person can use that 3D map to navigate that target location easily and on time. The intelligent AIINS control unit helps the person to navigate the unknown places and support the successful functioning of the whole AIINS system. By using this AIINS, the person to make use of the AIINS to navigate the unknown places easily without deviating to wrong path using 3D map
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The Indoor Location-based Services Market size was valued at USD 17.99 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 45.29 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 14.1 % during the forecasts period. The Indoor Location-based Service (ILBS) market comprises range technologies that are used for location detection and for navigation of indoor infrastructure through services like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, RFID and GPS. They are employed in various industries including retail, healthcare, third-party logistics and transportation with the view of improving on customer experience, operations and safety respectively. Uses include location-based service and optimization; embracing use of indoor navigation, identification of assets, location of analytics, and proximity marketing to enable timely offering of services as well as efficiency in service delivery. Some of the trends in the ILBS market currently are enhanced by the use of augmented reality, especially for way-finding, the growth in the use of IoT devices, and the improvement of machine learning algorithms for precise positioning. With the growth of urbanisation, demand for Indoor Navigation System solutions will be very high. Recent developments include: In December 2022, Oriient New Media Ltd, a software-based IndoorGPS provider that utilizes Earth's magnetic field, launched its solution on the Google Cloud Marketplace. It enables customers with existing commitments on the platform to procure and receive consolidated billing through a single channel conveniently. The availability of Oriient's solution on the marketplace aims to assist retailers in enhancing the in-store shopping experience by incorporating additional digital touchpoints and leveraging customer journey analytics for operational improvements and increased profitability. , In September 2022, Inpixon, an indoor intelligence company, joined forces with Schauenburg Systems, an OEM specializing in mine safety systems and equipment. The collaboration aims to promote Inpixon's real-time location technologies to mining companies operating in South Africa. The agreement focuses on selling numerous nanoLOC chips and other core technologies from Inpixon that provide collision avoidance, offering real-time tracking and proximity applications for the mining industry. , In July 2022, Esri, a geographic information system company, launched ArcGIS IPS, an indoor positioning system designed for facility wayfinding. This innovative solution empowers organizations to incorporate indoor location services throughout their facilities and campuses. By utilizing ArcGIS IPS, maintenance workers can efficiently review service requests and promptly identify and navigate to specific locations inside buildings where repairs are required. , In January 2022, HERE, a location data and technology platform, launched Indoor Map as a service. This comprehensive solution for indoor mapping is made possible through a partnership with Navenio, a software company. By leveraging this technology, businesses can create high-definition, 3D indoor maps of their buildings, accurately representing real-world data. .
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Components: Hardware: Includes mobile mapping systems, sensors, and other equipment Software: Includes software for data collection, processing, and visualization Services: Includes data collection, processing, and analysis servicesSolutions: Location-based: Provides location-based information and services Indoor mapping: Creates maps of indoor spaces Asset management: Helps manage assets and track their location 3D mapping: Creates 3D models of buildings and infrastructureApplications: Land surveys: Used for surveying land and creating maps Aerial surveys: Used for surveying areas from the air Real estate & construction: Used for planning and designing buildings and infrastructure IT & telecom: Used for network planning and management Recent developments include: One of the pioneers in wearable mobile mapping technology, NavVis, revealed the NavVis VLX 3, their newest generation of wearable technology. As the name suggests, this is the third version of their wearable VLX system; the NavVis VLX 2 was released in July of 2021, which is over two years ago. In their news release, NavVis emphasises the NavVis VLX 3's improved accuracy in point clouds by highlighting the two brand-new, 32-layer lidars that have been "meticulously designed and crafted" to minimise noise and drift in point clouds while delivering "high detail at range.", According to the North American Mach9 Software Platform, mobile Lidar will produce 2D and 3D maps 30 times faster than current systems by 2023., Even though this is Mach9's first product launch, the business has already begun laying the groundwork for future expansion by updating its website, adding important engineering and sales professionals, relocating to new headquarters in Pittsburgh's Bloomfield area, and forging ties in Silicon Valley., In order to make search more accessible to more users in more useful ways, Google has unveiled a tonne of new search capabilities for 2022 spanning Google Search, Google Lens, Shopping, and Maps. These enhancements apply to Google Maps, Google Shopping, Google Leons, and Multisearch., A multi-year partnership to supply Velodyne Lidar, Inc.'s lidar sensors to GreenValley International for handheld, mobile, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 3D mapping solutions, especially in GPS-denied situations, was announced in 2022. GreenValley is already receiving sensors from Velodyne., The acquisition of UK-based GeoSLAM, a leading provider of mobile scanning solutions with exclusive high-productivity simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) programmes to create 3D models for use in Digital Twin applications, is expected to close in 2022 and be completed by FARO® Technologies, Inc., a global leader in 4D digital reality solutions., November 2022: Topcon donated to TU Dublin as part of their investment in the future of construction. Students learning experiences will be improved by instruction in the most cutting-edge digital building techniques at Ireland's first technical university., October 2022: Javad GNSS Inc has released numerous cutting-edge GNSS solutions for geospatial applications. The TRIUMPH-1M Plus and T3-NR smart antennas, which employ upgraded Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, UHF, and power management modules and integrate the most recent satellite tracking technology into the geospatial portfolio, are two examples of important items.. Key drivers for this market are: Improvements in GPS, LiDAR, and camera technologies have significantly enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of mobile mapping systems. Potential restraints include: The initial investment required for mobile mapping equipment, including sensors and software, can be a barrier for small and medium-sized businesses.. Notable trends are: Mobile mapping systems are increasingly integrated with cloud platforms and AI technologies to process and analyze large datasets, enabling more intelligent mapping and predictive analytics.
This layer shows the 3D indoor map of some buildings' interior structures in Hong Kong. It is a set of the data made available by Lands Department under the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the "Government") at https://portal.csdi.gov.hk ("CSDI Portal"). The source data has been processed and converted into Esri File Geodatabase format and then uploaded to Esri’s ArcGIS Online platform for sharing and reference purpose. The objectives are to facilitate our Hong Kong ArcGIS Online users to use the data in a spatial ready format and save their data conversion effort.For details about the data, source format and terms of conditions of usage, please refer to the website of Hong Kong CSDI Portal at https://portal.csdi.gov.hk.
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Digital Map Market Size 2025-2029
The digital map market size is forecast to increase by USD 31.95 billion at a CAGR of 31.3% between 2024 and 2029.
The market is driven by the increasing adoption of intelligent Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and the availability of location-based services. PDAs, such as smartphones and smartwatches, are becoming increasingly integrated with digital map technologies, enabling users to navigate and access real-time information on-the-go. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) enables remote monitoring of cars and theft recovery. Location-based services, including mapping and navigation apps, are a crucial component of this trend, offering users personalized and convenient solutions for travel and exploration. However, the market also faces significant challenges.
Ensuring the protection of sensitive user information is essential for companies operating in this market, as trust and data security are key factors in driving user adoption and retention. Additionally, the competition in the market is intense, with numerous players vying for market share. Companies must differentiate themselves through innovative features, user experience, and strong branding to stand out in this competitive landscape. Security and privacy concerns continue to be a major obstacle, as the collection and use of location data raises valid concerns among consumers.
What will be the Size of the Digital Map Market during the forecast period?
Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the market, cartographic generalization and thematic mapping techniques are utilized to convey complex spatial information, transforming raw data into insightful visualizations. Choropleth maps and dot density maps illustrate distribution patterns of environmental data, economic data, and demographic data, while spatial interpolation and predictive modeling enable the estimation of hydrographic data and terrain data in areas with limited information. Urban planning and land use planning benefit from these tools, facilitating network modeling and location intelligence for public safety and emergency management.
Spatial regression and spatial autocorrelation analyses provide valuable insights into urban development trends and patterns. Network analysis and shortest path algorithms optimize transportation planning and logistics management, enhancing marketing analytics and sales territory optimization. Decision support systems and fleet management incorporate 3D building models and real-time data from street view imagery, enabling effective resource management and disaster response. The market in the US is experiencing robust growth, driven by the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and advanced computer technology into various industries.
How is this Digital Map Industry segmented?
The digital map industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.
Application
Navigation
Geocoders
Others
Type
Outdoor
Indoor
Solution
Software
Services
Deployment
On-premises
Cloud
Geography
North America
US
Canada
Europe
France
Germany
UK
APAC
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
South Korea
Rest of World (ROW)
By Application Insights
The navigation segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Digital maps play a pivotal role in various industries, particularly in automotive applications for driver assistance systems. These maps encompass raster data, aerial photography, government data, and commercial data, among others. Open-source data and proprietary data are integrated to ensure map accuracy and up-to-date information. Map production involves the use of GPS technology, map projections, and GIS software, while map maintenance and quality control ensure map accuracy. Location-based services (LBS) and route optimization are integral parts of digital maps, enabling real-time navigation and traffic data.
Data validation and map tiles ensure data security. Cloud computing facilitates map distribution and map customization, allowing users to access maps on various devices, including mobile mapping and indoor mapping. Map design, map printing, and reverse geocoding further enhance the user experience. Spatial analysis and data modeling are essential for data warehousing and real-time navigation. The automotive industry's increasing adoption of connected cars and long-term evolution (LTE) technologies have fueled the demand for digital maps. These maps enable driver assistance applications,
This layer shows the 3D indoor map of some buildings' interior structures in Hong Kong. It is a set of the data made available by Lands Department under the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the "Government") at https://portal.csdi.gov.hk ("CSDI Portal"). The source data has been processed and converted into Esri File Geodatabase format and then uploaded to Esri’s ArcGIS Online platform for sharing and reference purpose. The objectives are to facilitate our Hong Kong ArcGIS Online users to use the data in a spatial ready format and save their data conversion effort.For details about the data, source format and terms of conditions of usage, please refer to the website of Hong Kong CSDI Portal at https://portal.csdi.gov.hk.
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LoD3 (Level of Detail 3) Road Space Models is CityGML dataset which contains road space models (over 50 building models) in the area of Ingolstadt.
There are several approaches to model Building in CityGML 2.0 (e.g. see Biljecki et al.). In our case, due to the acquisition geometry of MLS point clouds, the building objects consist of a very detailed representation of facade elements but on the other hand, it might lack roof elements and entities located in the Building's backyard. Thus, we encourage to see the list below for a detailed description of the Building in our Ingolstadt LoD3 dataset:
The building consists of:
Building does NOT consist of:
The terminology according to SIG3D.
To ensure the highest accuracy geometrically as well as semantically, the dataset was manually modeled based on the mobile laser scannings (MLS) provided by the company 3D Mapping Solutions GmbH (relative accuracy in the range of 1-3cm). Moreover, a complementary OpenDRIVE dataset is available, which includes the road network, traffic lights, fences, vegetation and so on:
Further Information:
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The 3D Mapping and 3D Modelling Software Market is estimated to be valued at USD 5.16 Billion in 2022 and is expected to reach USD 16.26 Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of 15.4% during a forecast period of 2023-2030. What are the factors impacting the growth of 3D Mapping and 3D Modelling Software Market?
3D-enabled display devices for advanced and better navigation are increasing the demand for 3D Mapping and 3D Modelling Market
The increasing need for HD experience is anticipated to spike the development of 3D maps. 3D technology in previous years available to the users was not that satisfactory. Consumers need the finest viewing experience of perceived 3D pictures that look like things. 3D mapping and 3D modeling provide real-life experiences of the surrounding buildings and landscape by seeing them through 3D-enabled devices like tablets, smartphones, and personal computers are projected to rise in the upcoming years. The increasing development in technology, more knowledge of advanced products, and changing lifestyles are surging the demand for 3D-enabled gadgets. Furthermore, the growing need for crisp and realistic picture representation, outstanding 3D effects, and an exceptional mapping and navigation experience is propelling the 3D mapping and 3D modeling market.
Rising corruption and theft concerns are the hurdles to the growth of the 3D Mapping and 3D Modeling Software Market.
The animation industry is still vulnerable to corruption and piracy. Companies' software installations are targeted, and pirated copies are sold on the black market. As a result, the industry suffers massive financial losses. Companies have developed surveillance and monitoring techniques to prevent illicit downloads of 3D mapping and modeling software in order to combat piracy. As a result, people have been encouraged to use lawful digital content. In recent years, government policies and regulatory reforms have been put in place to combat piracy. However, adaptable business plans are required to establish mitigation methods and to take proactive steps such as forming anti-piracy cells and promoting awareness. Moreover, in many countries, there is only one policy to avoid theft is to restrict the sites and penalties to illegal users. Thus, theft is the major hurdle in the growth of the 3D Mapping and 3D Modeling Software Market.
Impact of COVID-19 on the 3D Mapping and 3D Modelling Software Market:
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the consumer demand for 3D mapping and 3D modeling software. Logistics, online learning, healthcare, e-commerce, and other various online business, collaborations experienced significant expansion, well exceeding the limits of their internal and customer-facing applications. For example, iMap9 is a floor-cleaning robot that can explore and clean floors without the need for human assistance. It uses 3D mapping technology to clean the floors. To manage huge volumes of geographical data while satisfying customer requirements, organizations deploy 3D mapping and modeling software solutions. What is 3D Mapping and 3D Modelling Software?
3D mapping software uses machine vision to help in profiling objects in 3D to map them with the real world, offering the recent technical methods, giving the most advanced technical approaches for visualization and information collecting.3D mapping imaging technology and other plenoptic techniques are also utilized to create the 3D effects by finding the light field. 3D modeling is the method of creating a mathematical representation of a three-dimensional object using software. The resulting product is called a 3D model, and these 3-dimension models are used in various different industries. Increasing demand for 3D animation in mobile applications and the development of 3D-enabled display devices for advanced and better navigation are boosting the growth of the 3D mapping and 3D modeling software market.
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This paper presents a custom made small rover based surveying, mapping and building information modeling solution. Majority of the commercially available mobile surveying systems are larger in size which restricts their maneuverability in the targeted indoor vicinities. Furthermore their functional cost is unaffordable for low budget projects belonging to developing markets. Keeping in view these challenges, an economical indigenous rover based scanning and mapping system has developed using orthogonal integration of two low cost RPLidar A1 laser scanners. All the instrumentation of the rover has been interfaced with Robot Operating System (ROS) for online processing and recording of all sensorial data. The ROS based pose and map estimations of the rover have performed using Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technique. The perceived class 1 laser scans data belonging to distinct vicinities with variable reflective properties have been successfully tested and validated for required structural modeling. Systematically the recorded scans have been used in offline mode to generate the 3D point cloud map of the surveyed environment. Later the structural planes extraction from the point cloud data has been done using Random Sampling and Consensus (RANSAC) technique. Finally the 2D floor plan and 3D building model have been developed using point cloud processing in appropriate software. Multiple interiors of existing buildings and under construction indoor sites have been scanned, mapped and modelled as presented in this paper. In addition, the validation of the as-built models have been performed by comparing with the actual architecture design of the surveyed buildings. In comparison to available surveying solutions present in the local market, the developed system has been found faster, accurate and user friendly to produce more enhanced structural results with minute details.
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This document describes two datasets collected at Tampere University facilities with samples taken from a Wi-Fi network interface for experiments with indoor positioning based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting.
To reference this dataset, please use
E.S. Lohan et al. “Additional TAU datasets for Wi-Fi fingerprinting-based positioning” 10.5281/zenodo.3819917
Additional reference using these datasets
Torres-Sospedra, J.; Quezada-Gaibor, D.; Mendoza-Silva, G. M.; Nurmi, J.; Koucheryavy, Y. and Huerta, J. New Cluster Selection and Fine-grained Search for k-Means Clustering and Wi-Fi Fingerprinting Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS), 2020.
Dataset format
Two independent datasets are provided, they are in different folders, namely “Database_Building01” and “Database_Building02” respectively. Each dataset includes two sets of samples:
radio map – a set of Wi-Fi samples collected at a grid of points (reference points);
evaluation – a set of Wi-Fi samples randomly collected in the evaluation area.
Two files are provided for each set that include the rss vectors and the coordinates. For the radio map, the provided files have their names starting with “rm_”; for the evaluation, the evaluation files have their names starting with “eval_”. For instance, for the radio map they are:
rm_crd.csv: holds coordinates (x,y)and floor identifier (z) where the samples were collected;
rm_rss.csv: holds the measured RSSI values from each of the Access Points (AP) detected in each sample;
All the file are described in the same format, and all files are CSV – Comma Separated Values plain text (UTF-8).
Coordinates: Each sample is associated to a pair of coordinates in a 2D Euclidean reference system. The origin of the reference system was chosen arbitrarily for convenience. The units are meters. Therefore, distances between points can be easy calculated. Moreover, the floor identifier is included to enable 3D positioning.
RSSI values: The RSSI values provided as read from the Wi-Fi network interface through the Android API. In each sample, a value of +100 was assigned to each AP not detected during a measurement. No information is provided about the MAC addresses of the APs. However, in the files, the same order is used for all samples, meaning that the values in each column are all associated to the same AP.
Both datasets are independent and none of the provided files include an identifier for each sample. The values in the two provided files are associated by the line number, meaning that the coordinates and RSSI values in the same line, in each file, refer to the same sample.
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A 3D map of the Cooper Basin region has been produced over an area of 300 x 450 km to a depth of 20 km (Figure 1). The 3D map was constructed from 3D inversions of gravity data using geological data to constrain the inversions. It delineates regions of low density within the basement of the Cooper/Eromanga Basins that are inferred to be granitic bodies. This interpretation is supported by a spatial correlation between the modelled bodies and known granite occurrences. The 3D map, which also delineates the 3D geometries of the Cooper and Eromanga Basins, therefore incorporates both potential heat sources and thermally insulating cover, key elements in locating a geothermal play. This study was conducted as part of Geoscience Australia's Onshore Energy Security Program, Geothermal Energy Project.
This 3D data release constitutes the first version of the Cooper Basin region 3D map. A future data release (version 2 of the 3D map) will extend the area to the north and east to encompass the entire Queensland extension of the Cooper Basin. The version 2 3D map will incorporate more detailed 3D models of the Cooper and Eromanga Basins by delineating the major internal sedimentary sequences within the basins. Thermal properties will then be incorporated into the 3D map to produce a 3D thermal model. The goal is to produce a 3D thermal model of the Cooper Basin region that not only matches existing temperature and heat flow data in the region, but also predicts regions of high heat flow and elevated temperatures in regions where no heat flow or temperature data exists.
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The mobile map market share is expected to increase by USD 6.73 billion from 2020 to 2025, and the market’s growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 18.41%. This mobile map market research report provides valuable insights on the post COVID-19 impact on the market, which will help companies evaluate their business approaches. The mobile map market report also offers information on several market vendors, including Alibaba Group Holding Ltd., Alphabet Inc., Apple Inc., CE Info. Pvt. Ltd., Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc., HERE Global BV, Microsoft Corp., NavInfo Co. Ltd., TomTom International BV, and Verizon Communications Inc. among others. Furthermore, this report extensively covers mobile map market segmentation by application (outdoor mobile map and indoor mobile map), end-user (automotive navigation, mobile and internet, and public sector and enterprise), and geography (APAC, North America, Europe, South America, and MEA).
What will the Mobile Map Market Size be During the Forecast Period?
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Mobile Map Market: Key Drivers, Trends, and Challenges
Based on our research output, there has been a positive impact on the market growth during and post COVID-19 era. The increasing adoption of technologically advanced mobile devices is notably driving the mobile map market growth, although factors such as threat from open-source platform may impede market growth. Our research analysts have studied the historical data and deduced the key market drivers and the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the mobile map industry. The holistic analysis of the drivers will help in deducing end goals and refining marketing strategies to gain a competitive edge.
Key Mobile Map Market Driver
The increasing adoption of technologically advanced mobile devices is one of the primary factors driving the mobile map market growth. The growing penetration of advanced mobile devices has increased the use of location-based services (LBS). To support this, mobile device manufacturers are introducing new devices that can integrate location-based applications such as GPS-enabled applications. In addition, individuals rely on such devices to obtain information such as traffic updates, directions to nearby locations, and real-time information such as weather forecasts. All these GPS-based applications are built on digital maps. Furthermore, the growth in connected devices will drive the demand for mobile maps globally to enable seamless navigation.
Key Mobile Map Market Trend
The development of indigenous mapping systems is one of the major mobile map market trends. This trend is growing significantly in Brazil, Russia, China, and India. Governments are encouraging regional mobile map makers to develop mobile map solutions that are country-specific. This trend is further supported by advanced mapping technology, which can develop accurate 3D digital maps.
Key Mobile Map Market Challenge
The growing popularity of open-source solutions has an adverse effect on the net sales of commercial mobile map solutions. The inflated cost of mobile map solutions has increased the demand for open-source mobile map applications in the market, especially in emerging countries such as China and India. These nations consist of many SMEs that require mobile map solutions but do not have sufficient capital to invest in customized mobile map technology. Therefore, open-source mobile map solutions have become a preferred choice among them. Many automobile companies also prefer open-source mobile map solutions in their vehicles. Large companies, as a part of the cost reduction, now prefer using open-source mobile map solutions compared with commercial mobile map solutions.
This mobile map market analysis report also provides detailed information on other upcoming trends and challenges that will have a far-reaching effect on the market growth. The actionable insights on the trends and challenges will help companies evaluate and develop growth strategies for 2021-2025.
Who are the Major Mobile Map Market Vendors?
The report analyzes the market’s competitive landscape and offers information on several market vendors, including:
Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
Alphabet Inc.
Apple Inc.
CE Info. Pvt. Ltd.
Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc.
HERE Global BV
Microsoft Corp.
NavInfo Co. Ltd.
TomTom International BV
Verizon Communications Inc.
This statistical study of the mobile map market encompasses successful business strategies deployed by the key vendors. The mobile mapping market is fragmented and the vendors are deploying growth strategies such as M&A activities to compete in the market.
To make the most of the opportunities and recover from post COVID-19 impact, market vendors should focus more on the growth prospects in the fast-growing segments
Three-dimensional (3D) maps of Galactic interstellar dust are a tool for a wide range of uses. We aim to construct 3D maps of dust extinction in the Local Arm and surrounding regions. To do this, Gaia EDR3 photometric data were combined with 2MASS measurements to derive extinction towards stars with accurate photometry and relative uncertainties on EDR3 parallaxes of less than 20%. We applied our hierarchical inversion algorithm adapted to inhomogeneous spatial distributions of target stars to this catalogue of individual extinctions.We present the updated 3D dust extinction distribution and provide an estimate of the error on integrated extinctions from the Sun to each area in the 3D map. The full computational area is similar to the one of the previous DR2 map, that is to say with a 6x6x0.8kpc^3^ volume around the Sun. Due to the addition of fainter target stars, the volume in which the clouds can be reconstructed has increased. Due to the improved accuracy of the parallaxes and photometric data in EDR3, extinctions among neighbouring targets are more consistent, allowing one to reach an increased contrast in the dense areas, while cavity contours are more regular. We show several comparisons with recent results on dust and star distributions. The wavy pattern around the Plane of the dust concentrations is better seen and exists over large regions. Its mean vertical peak-to-peak amplitude is of the order of 300pc; interestingly, it is similar to the vertical period of the spectacular snail-shaped stellar kinematical pattern discovered in Gaia data. The Gaia EDR3 catalogue allows for a significant improvement of the extinction maps to be made, both in extent and quality. The hierarchical technique confirms its efficiency in the inversion of massive datasets. Future comparisons between 3D maps of interstellar matter and stellar distributions may help to understand which mergers or internal perturbations have shaped the Galaxy within the first 3kpc.
A set of 3D digital maps show the interior structure of a building or a venue. It includes floors, units, place-of-interest and other indoor map features which supports indoor navigation, indoor spatial analysis, etc.