This dataset contains background data and supplementary material for a methodological study on the use of ordinal response scales in linguistic research. For the literature survey reported in that study, which examines how rating scales are used in current linguistic research (4,441 papers from 16 linguistic journals, published between 2012 and 2022), it includes a tabular file listing the 406 research articles that report ordinal rating scale data. This file records annotated attributes of the studies and rating scales. Further the dataset includes summary data gathered in a review of the psychometric literature on the interpretation of quantificational expressions that are often used to build graded scales. Empirical findings are collected for five rating scale dimensions: agreement (1 study), intensity (3 studies), frequency (17 studies), probability (11 studies), and quality (3 studies). Finally, the post includes new data from 20 informants on the interpretation of the quantifiers "few", "some", "many", and "most". Abstract: Related publication Ordinal scales are commonly used in applied linguistics. To summarize the distribution of responses provided by informants, these are usually converted into numbers and then averaged or analyzed with ordinary regression models. This approach has been criticized in the literature; one caveat (among others) is the assumption that distances between categories are known. The present paper illustrates how empirical insights into the perception of response labels may inform the design and analysis stage of a study. We start with a review of how ordinal scales are used in linguistic research. Our survey offers insights into typical scale layouts and analysis strategies, and it allows us to identify three commonly used rating dimensions (agreement, intensity, and frequency). We take stock of the experimental literature on the perception of relevant scale point labels and then demonstrate how psychometric insights may direct scale design and data analysis. This includes a careful consideration of measurement-theoretic and statistical issues surrounding the numeric-conversion approach to ordinal data. We focus on the consequences of these drawbacks for the interpretation of empirical findings, which will enable researchers to make informed decisions and avoid drawing false conclusions from their data. We present a case study on yous(e) in British and Scottish English, which shows that reliance on psychometric scale values can alter statistical conclusions, while also giving due consideration to the key limitations of the numeric-conversion approach to ordinal data analysis.

USAGE OF DISSIMILARITY MEASURES AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING FOR LARGE SCALE SOLAR DATA ANALYSIS Juan M Banda, Rafal Anrgyk ABSTRACT: This work describes the application of several dissimilarity measures combined with multidimensional scaling for large scale solar data analysis. Using the first solar _domain-specific benchmark data set that contains multiple types of phenomena, we investigated combination of different image parameters with different dissimilarity measure sin order to determine which combination will allow us to differentiate our solar data within each class and versus the rest of the classes. In this work we also address the issue of reducing dimensionality by applying multidimensional scaling to our dissimilarity matrices produced by the previously mentioned combination. By applying multidimensional scaling we can investigate how many resulting components are needed in order to maintain a good representation of our data (in an artificial dimensional space) and how many can be discarded in order to economize our storage costs. We present a comparative analysis between different classifiers in order to determine the amount of dimensionality reduction that can be achieved with said combination of image parameters, similarity measure and multidimensional scaling.

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Commercial Food Scales Market Size 2024-2028

The commercial food scales market size is forecast to increase by USD 129.26 million at a CAGR of 3.82% between 2024 and 2028. The market is seeing steady growth due to several key factors. One of the main drivers is the affordability and practicality of food scales, which are helping consumers focus on healthier eating habits and managing their weight. The increasing number of commercial food establishments, including restaurants and food processing businesses, is also creating a need for accurate and efficient food measurement tools. As awareness of the importance of proper portion control grows for both health and business reasons demand for commercial food scales continues to increase, supporting the market's ongoing development.

Market Analysis

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Commercial food scales are vital tools in both home and professional kitchens for accurately measuring ingredients. Advances in technology have led to the rise of digital scales, which are increasingly replacing mechanical scales in various commercial settings. These digital scales can measure in ounces and grams, providing versatility for a wide range of recipes and volume measurements. The North American market for food scales has seen significant growth in output and shipments, driven by the rising demand for food service across multiple sectors.

Formal agreements between third-party food scale manufacturers and commercial kitchens help ensure a steady supply of high-quality scales for various processes, including preparation, serving, cleanup, consumption, and distribution. The storage and use of food ingredients are essential components of the food industry, and commercial food scales are critical for maintaining accuracy and efficiency in these operations. Digital scales provide several benefits, such as easy-to-read displays, quick tare functions, and calibration options, making them the preferred choice for many businesses in the commercial sector.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018 - 2022 for the following segments.

Type

  Mechanical
  Digital


Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Geography

  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe



  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The mechanical segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Commercial Food Scales are essential tools in the food industry, with both Mechanical and Digital scales holding significant market shares. Mechanical scales, also known as analog scales, operate without power and are widely used in the Domestic Kitchen and Commercial Kitchen for measuring food ingredients in Ounces and Grams. These scales employ a spring and pointer mechanism, with each unit of weight causing the pointer to move a specific distance. In addition, a beam with counterweights is utilized in the Commercial sector to maintain balance during measurements. Technological developments have led to the emergence of Digital scales, which offer increased accuracy and ease of use.

These scales are prevalent in Food service establishments, including formal contract catering, third-party food providers, and food distribution companies. Digital scales facilitate seamless customer experiences by providing precise Volume measurements for recipes and food preparations, servings, cleanup, and consumption. The North American market for Commercial Food Scales has shown substantial Output/shipments, driven by Food Scale manufacturers catering to the needs of various industries, such as child care centers, restaurants, hotels, cafés, and online delivery options. Worldwide strategic partnerships and alliances between these manufacturers and key players in the food industry have contributed to the growth of the market. In the commercial sector, food scales are indispensable for measuring ingredients in food production, ensuring consistency and accuracy in recipes.

For instance, in the production of Chicken McNuggets, precise measurements are crucial to maintain the desired texture and taste. Quick-service restaurants and full-service restaurants alike rely on these scales for efficient food preparation and serving.

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The mechanical segment was valued at USD 361.17 million in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Insights

APAC is estimated to contribute 40% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

For more insights

Conveyor Scales Market Outlook

The global conveyor scales market size was valued at approximately USD 1.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 2.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period. One of the key growth factors driving the market expansion is the increasing need for automation and efficiency in material handling processes across various industries.

A significant growth factor for the conveyor scales market is the rising demand for precision in weight measurement and material monitoring in the mining and logistics sectors. The mining industry, in particular, requires accurate weight data to manage and optimize the transportation of materials, thus driving the adoption of advanced conveyor scales. Furthermore, the logistics sector is increasingly utilizing these scales to ensure accurate weight measurements, which are crucial for cost management and regulatory compliance.

Another crucial growth driver is the rapid advancements in technology, which have led to the development of more sophisticated and reliable conveyor scales. Innovations in sensor technology and digitalization have enabled the creation of scales that offer higher accuracy, durability, and ease of integration into existing material handling systems. As industries continue to embrace Industry 4.0, the integration of IoT and AI in conveyor scales is expected to further propel market growth by providing real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance capabilities.

The growing emphasis on sustainability and energy efficiency is also contributing to the market expansion. Conveyor scales help in optimizing material handling processes, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing waste. Industries such as food & beverages and chemicals are increasingly adopting these systems to improve their overall operational efficiency and environmental footprint. Additionally, stringent regulations regarding weight measurement and quality control in various sectors are fueling the demand for advanced conveyor scales.

From a regional perspective, North America and Europe are expected to dominate the conveyor scales market due to the presence of established industrial infrastructures and high adoption rates of advanced technologies. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by rapid industrialization, increasing investments in infrastructure development, and the growing need for automation in emerging economies such as China and India.

Product Type Analysis

The conveyor scales market is segmented into different product types, including Single Idler, Multi Idler, and Others. The Single Idler segment is widely adopted in industries where basic weight measurement is sufficient. These are typically used in applications where the material flow is steady and doesn't require complex monitoring. The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of single idler conveyor scales make them a popular choice for small to medium enterprises and light-duty applications.

Railroad Track Scales play a pivotal role in industries where the transportation of heavy materials is frequent and requires precise weight measurement. These scales are specifically designed to weigh rail cars and are crucial for maintaining the efficiency and safety of rail transport systems. In the context of the conveyor scales market, the integration of railroad track scales can significantly enhance the accuracy of weight data, especially in sectors like mining and logistics where rail transport is a key component of the supply chain. The ability to provide accurate measurements ensures compliance with industry regulations and helps in optimizing the loading and unloading processes, thus contributing to operational efficiency.

On the other hand, Multi Idler conveyor scales are designed for more complex and demanding environments. These scales provide higher accuracy and are capable of handling variable material flow rates. Industries such as mining, where precise weight measurement is critical, significantly benefit from multi idler conveyor scales. The ability to provide detailed data analytics and integrate with automated systems makes them an appealing option for large-scale operations.

The "Others" category includes various specialized conveyor scales designed for unique applications. These may include portable conveyor scales

Cronbach’s alpha (coefficient α) is the conventional statistic communication scholars use to estimate the reliability of multi-item measurement instruments. For many, if not most communication measures, α should not be calculated for reliability estimation. Instead, coefficient omega (ω) should be reported as it aligns with the definition of reliability itself. In this primer, we review α and ω, and explain why ω should be the new ‘gold standard’ in reliability estimation. Using Mplus, we demonstrate how ω is calculated on an available data set and show how preliminary scales can be revised with ‘ω if item deleted.’ We also list several easy-to-use resources to calculate ω in other software programs. Communication researchers should routinely report ω instead of α.

BackgroundNational Health Systems managers have been subject in recent years to considerable pressure to increase concentration and allow mergers. This pressure has been justified by a belief that larger hospitals lead to lower average costs and better clinical outcomes through the exploitation of economies of scale. In this context, the opportunity to measure scale efficiency is crucial to address the question of optimal productive size and to manage a fair allocation of resources.Methods and findingsThis paper analyses the stance of existing research on scale efficiency and optimal size of the hospital sector. We performed a systematic search of 45 past years (1969–2014) of research published in peer-reviewed scientific journals recorded by the Social Sciences Citation Index concerning this topic. We classified articles by the journal’s category, research topic, hospital setting, method and primary data analysis technique. Results showed that most of the studies were focussed on the analysis of technical and scale efficiency or on input / output ratio using Data Envelopment Analysis. We also find increasing interest concerning the effect of possible changes in hospital size on quality of care.ConclusionsStudies analysed in this review showed that economies of scale are present for merging hospitals. Results supported the current policy of expanding larger hospitals and restructuring/closing smaller hospitals. In terms of beds, studies reported consistent evidence of economies of scale for hospitals with 200–300 beds. Diseconomies of scale can be expected to occur below 200 beds and above 600 beds.

This study developed interval-level measurement scales for evaluating police officer performance during real or simulated deadly force situations. Through a two-day concept mapping focus group, statements were identified to describe two sets of dynamics: the difficulty (D) of a deadly force situation and the performance (P) of a police officer in that situation. These statements were then operationalized into measurable Likert-scale items that were scored by 291 use of force instructors from more than 100 agencies across the United States using an online survey instrument. The dataset resulting from this process contains a total of 685 variables, comprised of 312 difficulty statement items, 278 performance statement items, and 94 variables that measure the demographic characteristics of the scorers.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to show the first pieces of evidence on the validity of two scales for favoring the development of pedagogical contents in sports among children and youths (development of motor and strategic skills). To do so, their internal structures were estimated, their stabilities were tested, and their internal consistencies were assessed. A sample of 210 coaches and Physical Education teachers aged between 20 and 75 years old, both males and females, answered the scales referring to development of motor and tactical-strategic skills, whose structures were composed of three factors, with significant saturations (Satf > 0.40) and respectively explaining 70.19% and 74.29% of the total variance of the constructs. Results for model goodness-of-fit were overall satisfactory (χ2/gl < 1.567; AGFI = 1.000; RMSEA < 0.052; CFI > 0.995). Results concerning internal consistency analyses (0.736 < α < 0.908 for factors; αMS = 0.869; αTS = 0.921) ensure the accuracy of the measurements and the reliability of their use as to the purposes for which they are intended. The results meet the research general and specific objectives and indicate the possibility of a safe use of both scales.

The global food kitchen scales market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing health consciousness among consumers, a surge in home cooking activities, and the rising adoption of precise cooking methods. The market, segmented by application (household and commercial) and scale capacity (less than 5kg, 5-50kg, and more than 50kg), shows strong potential across various regions. The household segment dominates, fueled by individual demand for accurate portion control and healthy eating. The commercial segment, although smaller, is witnessing growth due to increased demand in restaurants, bakeries, and other food service establishments needing accurate ingredient measurements for consistency and cost control. Technological advancements like digital displays, Bluetooth connectivity, and user-friendly interfaces are enhancing consumer experience and driving market adoption. While pricing remains a potential restraint for some consumers, the growing affordability of digital kitchen scales is steadily expanding the market’s reach. Leading brands like Ozeri, Mettler Toledo, and Ohaus Corporation are driving innovation and competition, contributing to a dynamic market landscape. Geographic analysis reveals strong performance in North America and Europe, attributable to high disposable income and established consumer preferences for convenience and healthy lifestyles. However, growth opportunities are also present in rapidly developing economies in Asia-Pacific and other regions, which will expand market size in the coming years. The overall market outlook is positive, indicating significant growth trajectory over the forecast period. The forecast period (2025-2033) projects continued market expansion, with the CAGR (assume 5% based on typical consumer electronics growth) suggesting significant annual increases in market value. While specific figures for market size and CAGR are not provided, the combination of factors including rising consumer demand, technological innovation, and expanding market penetration, indicates considerable future growth. Competition will intensify, prompting brands to improve features, functionality, and marketing strategies to maintain their market share. The market’s success hinges on continuous innovation, adapting to evolving consumer needs, and addressing the challenges of production, distribution, and competition. Expansion into emerging markets, strategic alliances, and the development of new, specialized kitchen scales are likely to shape the future of the industry.

The dataset includes detailed information about the survey scales for measuring information privacy concerns (IPCs) on social network sites (SNSs) as generated according to the COnsesnsus-based Standards for the evaluation of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology (www.cosmin.nl). Once the associated article based upon this data is published, the data will be linked to the article, where a detailed description of the methods is described.

This record provides raw and post-processed data used in the associated paper "A technique for in-situ displacement and strain measurement with laboratory-scale X-ray Computed Tomography." The codes used are provided in a separate software publication "SerialTrackXR", also referenced. The data consist of 3D X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) scans, projection images, and load/displacement data of two additively manufactured tensile test coupons made from IN718 with different processing conditions. The 3D images were collected in-situ at progressively increasing levels of applied displacement. The projection images track this displacement both total and as surface maps. Load/displacement data from the load frame used to apply displacement are also provided. A displacement tracking validation dataset, consisting of known rigid body displacements imposed on a nominally un-deformed third test specimen is also included.The X-ray CT data are rather large, each .tiff stack being about 2 GB; the displacement and strain map files are also >1 GB. Other data are relatively smaller. The dataset consists of 170 files, totaling 69.9 GB (as noted above, much of this space is in 3D images and raw data for the 3D images - most users will not need to interact with those raw data).

CERN-LHC. A measurement of the splitting scales, as defined by the kT clustering algorithm, for final states containg a W boson produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy 7 TeV. The measurements uses the full 2010 data sample with a total integrated luminsoity of 36 pb-1. The measurements are made separately for W bosons decaying into electron and muuon final states. Details of the splitting scale variable d_k are described in the paper. Data on the four hardest splitting scales d0,d1,d2 and d3 are presented together with their ratios.

IntroductionDespite the rapid growth of interdisciplinary resilience research in Chinese contexts, no study has systematically reviewed individual-level measurement scales for Chinese-speaking populations. We report a systematic review of scales developed for or translated/adapted to Chinese-speaking contexts, where we assessed how widely used scales fare in terms of their psychometric qualities.MethodsStudies included in this review must have been published in peer-reviewed English or Chinese journals between 2015-2020 and included self-reported resilience scales in Chinese-speaking populations. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, CNKI (completed in May 2021), and PubMed (completed in January 2024). We developed coding schemes for extracting relevant data and adapted and applied an existing evaluation framework to assess the most frequently used resilience scales by seven methodological criteria.ResultsAnalyses of 963 qualified studies suggested that Chinese resilience scales were used in a diverse range of study contexts. Among 85 unique kinds of resilience measures, we highlighted and evaluated the three most frequently used translated scales and three locally developed scales (nine scales in total including variations such as short forms). In short, resilience studies in Chinese contexts relied heavily on the translated 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, which scored moderately on the overall quality. The locally developed Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents and Essential Resilience Scale received the best ratings but could use further development.DiscussionWe discussed how future work may advance widely used scales, and specified seven methodological recommendations for future resilience scale development with existing and new scales in and beyond the Chinese study contexts. We further addressed issues and challenges in measuring resilience as a process and called on researchers to further develop/evaluate process measures for Chinese-speaking populations.

This research project was about developing and validating a new scale, named the Romance Quotient (RQ), which aimed to measure varying levels of romantic traits. Individuals who were 18-years-old or above and with English literacy were recruited online to complete a survey. The sample size is 812; this is the number of cases in the dataset "FinalData_RQ_SubApril2025". All variables' information is available in the dataset.

The global drum weighing scales market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across various industries. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $500 million, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. The rise of e-commerce and the resulting need for efficient and accurate weight measurement in logistics and warehousing is a significant driver. Furthermore, stringent regulatory compliance requirements in industries such as food and pharmaceuticals necessitate precise weighing solutions, boosting demand for drum weighing scales. The increasing adoption of automation and Industry 4.0 technologies within manufacturing and processing plants further contributes to market expansion, as integration with existing systems becomes crucial for optimized production workflows. Technological advancements, such as the development of more durable and accurate scales with advanced features like data logging and connectivity, also contribute to the market's positive trajectory. The market is segmented by type (analog, digital), capacity (light, medium, heavy-duty), application (food and beverage, chemical, pharmaceutical), and region. Key players in the market include Avery Weigh-Tronix (ITW), OHAUS (Mettler Toledo), Optima Scale, CAS Corporation, Fairbanks Scales, Eagle Microsystems, Arlyn Scales, Rice Lake Weighing Systems, B-TEK Scales, DETECTO, Adam Equipment, Sterling Scale, and Pennsylvania Scale. These companies are constantly innovating and expanding their product lines to meet the diverse needs of various industries. The competitive landscape is characterized by intense competition, with companies focusing on product differentiation, technological advancements, and strategic partnerships to gain market share. Geographic expansion into emerging markets with growing industrialization is also a key strategic focus for market leaders. While certain economic downturns could temporarily restrain growth, the long-term outlook for the drum weighing scales market remains highly positive, driven by the aforementioned factors.

The global barrel and drum scales market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing automation in warehousing and logistics, stringent regulatory compliance requirements in industries like chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and a rising demand for accurate weight measurement in diverse sectors. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $1.5 billion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by the expansion of e-commerce and the associated need for efficient and precise order fulfillment, coupled with advancements in scale technology offering improved accuracy, durability, and connectivity features. The adoption of stainless steel scales is increasing due to their superior corrosion resistance, particularly within the food and beverage and chemical industries. Meanwhile, the brewery sector remains a significant contributor to market growth, consistently demanding precise measurements for raw materials and finished goods. The increasing focus on industrial safety and efficiency across various sectors further bolsters the demand for reliable and accurate weighing equipment. Growth across regions is expected to vary, with North America and Europe holding significant market shares initially. However, the Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, is projected to show substantial growth due to rapid industrialization and rising manufacturing activities. This expansion will be driven by the growing adoption of advanced technologies like IoT-enabled scales and increased investments in warehouse automation across emerging economies. While challenges remain, such as the high initial investment cost of advanced scales and potential competition from cheaper alternatives, the overall market outlook remains positive, with continued growth expected throughout the forecast period. The market segmentation by material type (stainless steel and low-carbon steel) and application (brewery, chemical industry, industrial warehouse, and others) reveals diverse opportunities for manufacturers to cater to specific industry needs.

Micro Scales Market Outlook

The global micro scales market size was valued at USD 450 million in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 780 million by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5% over the forecast period. The growing emphasis on precision measurement across various industries, including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and chemical sectors, is a critical driver of this growth. The rise in research and development activities in these sectors is bolstering the demand for micro scales, which are essential for accurate and minute measurements.

One of the primary growth factors propelling the micro scales market is the increasing need for high-precision measurement in laboratory settings. As scientific research intensifies, the demand for instruments that can provide reliable and highly accurate measurements has surged. Analytical micro scales, in particular, have become indispensable in laboratories for weighing minute quantities of substances with high precision. The pharmaceutical industry's rigorous standards for drug formulation and quality control further amplify the need for these scales, thereby driving market growth.

Another significant growth factor is the technological advancements in micro scale designs and functionalities. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on incorporating features such as digital displays, enhanced sensitivity, and connectivity options like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. These advancements not only improve the user experience but also expand the application scope of micro scales. Enhanced portability and ease of use are making these scales valuable tools in industrial and educational settings, thus broadening their market reach.

The growing adoption of micro scales in the food and beverage industry is also a notable growth driver. Ensuring the precise measurement of ingredients is essential for maintaining quality and consistency in food products. Regulatory standards and consumer demand for high-quality products are compelling food and beverage manufacturers to invest in advanced weighing instruments. The use of micro scales in quality control processes helps these manufacturers adhere to stringent regulations, thus fostering market growth.

Magnetic Scales are emerging as a significant innovation in the realm of precision measurement. These scales utilize magnetic fields to determine weight, offering a unique advantage in environments where traditional scales might be less effective. Their ability to function without direct contact with the measured object makes them particularly useful in sensitive laboratory settings and industrial applications where contamination must be minimized. The integration of magnetic technology in scales is enhancing accuracy and reliability, making them an attractive option for sectors requiring meticulous precision. As industries continue to evolve, the demand for such advanced measurement tools is expected to rise, further driving the growth of the micro scales market.

Regionally, North America holds the largest market share in the micro scales market, driven by a strong presence of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Europe follows closely, with significant contributions from research institutions and industrial sectors. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth, attributable to the increasing number of laboratories and research institutions, particularly in countries like China and India. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America, though currently smaller markets, are also expected to grow steadily, driven by rising industrial activities and educational initiatives.

Product Type Analysis

The micro scales market is segmented into analytical micro scales, precision micro scales, and portable micro scales. Analytical micro scales are designed for highly accurate measurements and are indispensable in laboratories and research institutions. They offer the highest precision, often measuring down to micrograms, and are crucial for applications requiring meticulous accuracy. The increasing focus on scientific research and stringent quality control in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology is driving the demand for analytical micro scales. These scales are equipped with advanced features such as automatic calibration and digital interfaces, which enhance their usability and accuracy.

Precision micro scales are another significant segment within the micro scales market. These scales are typica

Economic empowerment is a promising intervention to address intimate partner violence (IPV). Recently, financial education programs have been developed and tested with survivors of IPV. However, only a few rigorous evaluations of economic empowerment interventions exist with survivors of IPV in the U.S., and none assess the language and cultural differences among Spanish-speaking survivors. This study tested and validated measures related to financial empowerment and partner violence with English and Spanish-speaking IPV survivors to address this gap. The specific objectives of the project were to: (1) Test and revise financial and abuse scales which were pre-existing or adapted from scales used in the general population for use with IPV survivors in both English and Spanish utilizing a secondary dataset, and (2) Further test and validate measures analyzed as part of Objective One with a similar sample of IPV survivors in both English and Spanish to determine if these scales are appropriate for use with IPV populations. This study was conducted in two phases to address each of its objectives. The first objective was completed during Phase I, and the second objective during Phase II. Data for Phase II was gathered through individual interviews, either face-to-face or over the phone. Interviewers used a structured questionnaire, with the nine financial and abuse scales, in the participant's preferred language, English or Spanish. These nine scales were: Financial Knowledge Scale - to determine survivors' knowledge about financial management. Financial Management Attitudes Scale - to determine survivors' attitudes about financial management. Scale of Economic Self-Efficacy - to determine survivors' confidence in their financial management abilities. Scale of Financial Behaviors - to determine survivors' actual financial management behaviors. Scale of Financial Intentions - to determine survivors' intentions to perform particular financial behaviors. Scale of Economic Self-Sufficiency - to determine survivors' abilities to accomplish financial tasks. Financial Strain Survey - to determine survivors' strain in managing their financial health. Abusive Behavior Inventory - to determine survivors' experiences with physical, emotional, and sexual violence. Scale of Economic Abuse-12 - to determine survivors' experiences with economic abuse. In addition, the questionnaire gathered demographic information including: age, ethnicity, employment status, education level, marital status, and annual income.

Digital Industrial Scales Market Outlook

The global digital industrial scales market size was valued at approximately $3.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $6.7 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period. The primary growth factors driving this market include the increasing demand for precision and accuracy in various industrial operations and the technological advancements in digital weighing solutions.

One of the significant growth factors in the digital industrial scales market is the rising automation in manufacturing and industrial sectors. As industries continue to adopt automated processes to improve efficiency and reduce human error, the need for accurate and reliable weighing solutions becomes paramount. Digital industrial scales, with their ability to offer precise measurements and integrate seamlessly with automated systems, are becoming indispensable in modern industrial operations. Furthermore, the proliferation of IoT and connected devices enables continuous monitoring and data collection, further boosting the demand for digital industrial scales.

Another major driver for the market growth is the expansion of the logistics and transportation sector. With the global increase in e-commerce activities and the need for efficient supply chain management, accurate weight measurement is crucial for optimizing logistics operations. Digital industrial scales provide the necessary precision for weighing goods, ensuring compliance with regulations, and avoiding penalties. This sector's growth directly correlates with the rising demand for sophisticated weighing solutions that digital scales offer.

The food and beverage industry also significantly contributes to the market's growth. In this sector, adherence to stringent quality and safety standards is essential, and digital industrial scales help maintain these standards by providing precise weight measurements. The increasing focus on food safety and quality control, coupled with the rising consumption of packaged foods, drives the demand for digital weighing solutions. Additionally, the scales' ability to comply with various international standards and regulations makes them a preferred choice in the global food and beverage industry.

In the context of the commercial segment, Retail Scales play a pivotal role in ensuring accurate weight measurement in retail environments. These scales are essential for pricing accuracy and compliance with trade regulations, particularly in grocery stores and supermarkets where products are sold by weight. The integration of Retail Scales with point-of-sale (POS) systems enhances operational efficiency by automating the pricing process and reducing human error. As consumer expectations for transparency and accuracy in pricing continue to rise, the demand for advanced Retail Scales with digital displays and connectivity features is expected to grow. Retailers are increasingly adopting these scales to improve customer satisfaction and streamline their operations, making them a critical component of the commercial digital scales market.

Regionally, North America and Europe hold the largest shares in the digital industrial scales market, driven by the presence of key market players and the high adoption rate of advanced technologies in these regions. Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth rate due to rapid industrialization, expanding manufacturing sectors, and increasing investments in infrastructure development. The favorable government policies supporting industrial growth in countries like China and India further augment the market expansion in this region.

Product Type Analysis

The digital industrial scales market is segmented by product type into bench scales, floor scales, pallet scales, crane scales, and others. Bench scales are versatile and commonly used for precision weighing tasks in laboratories and small-scale industrial environments. These scales offer high accuracy and are often integrated with digital displays and connectivity options, making them suitable for various applications. The increasing need for precise measurements in quality control processes and the growing adoption of IoT in laboratory settings are driving the demand for bench scales.

Floor scales are designed to handle heavier loads and are widely used in warehouses, manufacturing plants, and freight terminals. These scales provide robust and durable solutions for wei

Kitchen Weighing Scales Market Outlook

The global kitchen weighing scales market size in 2023 is estimated to be USD 500 million, and it is projected to reach approximately USD 800 million by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.3%. The market's growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for precision in cooking, the rising popularity of baking as a hobby, and the trend towards healthy eating habits. As more consumers seek to replicate restaurant-quality meals at home, the demand for kitchen tools that offer accuracy and convenience, like kitchen weighing scales, continues to increase. Moreover, technological advancements in digital scales that offer greater precision and connectivity features are further fueling market growth.

One of the primary growth factors for the kitchen weighing scales market is the evolving consumer preference towards healthy and nutrient-specific diets. With the increase in lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, there is a growing awareness among consumers regarding the importance of precise ingredient measurements to maintain specific dietary requirements. Kitchen weighing scales provide the accuracy needed to follow diet plans strictly, especially for those counting calories or managing portions. Additionally, the rise of social media influencers and cooking shows that emphasize the importance of precise measurements in recipes has further propelled the demand for these scales. This trend is expected to continue, encouraging more households to acquire kitchen weighing scales for enhanced culinary experiences.

Another significant factor contributing to market expansion is the growth in the food and hospitality industry. As more restaurants and cafes emerge globally, the requirement for precise ingredient measurement becomes critical to maintain consistency and quality in food preparation. Commercial establishments are increasingly using kitchen weighing scales to ensure that their recipes are followed accurately, thereby maintaining the flavor and quality that customers expect. This demand from the commercial sector is augmented by the increasing number of culinary schools and training programs that emphasize the use of precise measurement tools to produce professional-grade outcomes. Consequently, kitchen weighing scales are becoming essential in commercial kitchens, driving further market growth.

Technological advancements in kitchen weighing scales have also played a pivotal role in driving market demand. Modern scales come with features such as digital displays, Bluetooth connectivity, and smartphone app integration, providing users with enhanced functionalities like nutritional tracking and recipe management. These advancements not only improve the user experience by offering convenience and precision but also appeal to the tech-savvy segment of the consumer base. Additionally, there is a rising trend towards adopting sustainable practices, and many manufacturers are responding by producing scales with eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient designs. Such innovations are expected to attract environmentally conscious consumers, further fueling market growth.

The Kitchen Food Scale has become an indispensable tool for many households seeking to enhance their culinary precision. As more people embrace cooking at home, the need for accurate measurement of ingredients has become increasingly important. Kitchen food scales offer the ability to measure ingredients down to the gram, ensuring that recipes are followed precisely and consistently. This is particularly beneficial for those who are health-conscious and want to manage their dietary intake with precision. The convenience of having a reliable kitchen food scale allows home cooks to experiment with new recipes and cuisines, making it an essential gadget in modern kitchens. As the trend of home cooking continues to rise, the demand for kitchen food scales is expected to grow, further driving the market for these practical devices.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness significant growth, primarily driven by the increasing urban population and rising disposable incomes. The burgeoning middle-class population in countries like China and India is adopting western cooking habits, which necessitates the use of precise culinary tools. Moreover, North America and Europe are mature markets where the demand for kitchen weighing scales remains steady due to a well-established culinary culture and continuous innovation in kitchen appliances. In contrast, the Middle East & Africa and Latin Amer