In 2025, there were around 1.53 billion people worldwide who spoke English either natively or as a second language, slightly more than the 1.18 billion Mandarin Chinese speakers at the time of survey. Hindi and Spanish accounted for the third and fourth most widespread languages that year. Languages in the United States The United States does not have an official language, but the country uses English, specifically American English, for legislation, regulation, and other official pronouncements. The United States is a land of immigration, and the languages spoken in the United States vary as a result of the multicultural population. The second most common language spoken in the United States is Spanish or Spanish Creole, which over than 43 million people spoke at home in 2023. There were also 3.5 million Chinese speakers (including both Mandarin and Cantonese),1.8 million Tagalog speakers, and 1.57 million Vietnamese speakers counted in the United States that year. Different languages at home The percentage of people in the United States speaking a language other than English at home varies from state to state. The state with the highest percentage of population speaking a language other than English is California. About 45 percent of its population was speaking a language other than English at home in 2023.

As of February 2025, English was the most popular language for web content, with over 49.4 percent of websites using it. Spanish ranked second, with six percent of web content, while the content in the German language followed, with 5.6 percent. English as the leading online language United States and India, the countries with the most internet users after China, are also the world's biggest English-speaking markets. The internet user base in both countries combined, as of January 2023, was over a billion individuals. This has led to most of the online information being created in English. Consequently, even those who are not native speakers may use it for convenience. Global internet usage by regions As of October 2024, the number of internet users worldwide was 5.52 billion. In the same period, Northern Europe and North America were leading in terms of internet penetration rates worldwide, with around 97 percent of its populations accessing the internet.

In 2023, around 43.37 million people in the United States spoke Spanish at home. In comparison, approximately 998,179 people were speaking Russian at home during the same year. The distribution of the U.S. population by ethnicity can be accessed here. A ranking of the most spoken languages across the world can be accessed here.

As of 2024, JavaScript and HTML/CSS were the most commonly used programming languages among software developers around the world, with more than 62 percent of respondents stating that they used JavaScript and just around 53 percent using HTML/CSS. Python, SQL, and TypeScript rounded out the top five most widely used programming languages around the world. Programming languages At a very basic level, programming languages serve as sets of instructions that direct computers on how to behave and carry out tasks. Thanks to the increased prevalence of, and reliance on, computers and electronic devices in today’s society, these languages play a crucial role in the everyday lives of people around the world. An increasing number of people are interested in furthering their understanding of these tools through courses and bootcamps, while current developers are constantly seeking new languages and resources to learn to add to their skills. Furthermore, programming knowledge is becoming an important skill to possess within various industries throughout the business world. Job seekers with skills in Python, R, and SQL will find their knowledge to be among the most highly desirable data science skills and likely assist in their search for employment.

Mexico is the country with the largest number of native Spanish speakers in the world. As of 2024, 132.5 million people in Mexico spoke Spanish with a native command of the language. Colombia was the nation with the second-highest number of native Spanish speakers, at around 52.7 million. Spain came in third, with 48 million, and Argentina fourth, with 46 million. Spanish, a world language As of 2023, Spanish ranked as the fourth most spoken language in the world, only behind English, Chinese, and Hindi, with over half a billion speakers. Spanish is the official language of over 20 countries, the majority on the American continent, nonetheless, it's also one of the official languages of Equatorial Guinea in Africa. Other countries have a strong influence, like the United States, Morocco, or Brazil, countries included in the list of non-Hispanic countries with the highest number of Spanish speakers. The second most spoken language in the U.S. In the most recent data, Spanish ranked as the language, other than English, with the highest number of speakers, with 12 times more speakers as the second place. Which comes to no surprise following the long history of migrations from Latin American countries to the Northern country. Moreover, only during the fiscal year 2022. 5 out of the top 10 countries of origin of naturalized people in the U.S. came from Spanish-speaking countries.

Papua New Guinea is the most linguistically diverse country in the world. As of 2025, it was home to 840 different languages. Indonesia ranked second with 709 languages spoken. In the United States, 335 languages were spoken in that same year.

Japan Centre of Excellence (JACEEX), is a brand under Jaceex Ventures LLP. Jaceex has been formed with a vision to create a world class workforce with skill sets, work and business ethics, sincerity and devotion as well as other great positive traits found in the Japanese workforce which has been responsible for having built world class Enterprises. For the Indian Students and youths stepping into this world, our objective is to provide life changing opportunity in the form of skill and work in Japan Japan Centre of Excellence (JACEEX) provides an integrated course schedule of learning through exploration, scrutiny and self reflection. We are offering Japanese Language and Culture training-Basic, Intermediate and High Levels. Our training is designed to make the trainee eligible to certify themselves with the globally recognised Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) Examination . This will help in building careers with Japanese companies in Japan , in India and also self employment.We also have the facility of Virtual Live class platform

The statistic reflects the distribution of languages in Canada in 2022. In 2022, 87.1 percent of the total population in Canada spoke English as their native tongue.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Language Learning App market size is USD 3258.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1303.3 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD 977.5 million.
Asia Pacific held the market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 749.4 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America market of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 162.9 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa held the market of around 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 65.2 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The Offline Type held the highest Language Learning App market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Language Learning App Market

Key Drivers for Language Learning App Market

Rise in Online Education to Increase the Demand Globally

The rise in online education is a significant driver of the Language Learning App Market. As traditional education moves towards digital platforms, there is a growing demand for convenient and accessible language learning solutions. Language learning apps offer flexibility, allowing users to learn at their own pace and schedule, without the constraints of traditional classroom settings. Moreover, the availability of a wide range of languages and learning materials on these apps caters to diverse learner needs and preferences. Additionally, the interactive and engaging nature of language learning apps, with features such as quizzes, games, and multimedia content, enhances user engagement and motivation. With the increasing popularity of online education, language learning apps are poised to experience continued growth as essential tools for language acquisition in the digital age.

Increasing Focus on Skill Development to Propel Market Growth

The increasing focus on skill development, particularly in an ever-evolving job market, is driving the Language Learning App Market. Employers increasingly value language proficiency as a valuable skill, especially in multinational and diverse workplaces. As a result, individuals are seeking efficient and accessible ways to acquire new language skills to enhance their employability and career prospects. Language learning apps offer a convenient and flexible solution, allowing users to learn languages at their own pace and convenience. Moreover, these apps often provide interactive and engaging learning experiences, with features such as quizzes, games, and real-world scenarios, making language learning more enjoyable and effective. With the growing emphasis on skill development, the demand for language learning apps is expected to continue to rise as individuals seek to expand their linguistic abilities for personal and professional growth.

Restraint Factor for the Language Learning App Market

Engagement and Retention

Engagement and retention pose significant challenges in the Language Learning App Market. Sustaining user interest and motivation over the long term is essential for effective language acquisition, yet many users experience difficulty maintaining consistency in their learning habits. Language learning can be a daunting and time-consuming endeavor, leading to user fatigue and drop-off rates. Additionally, competing demands on users' time and attention, as well as the abundance of alternative learning resources, further exacerbate these challenges. Language learning apps must continuously innovate to provide engaging and personalized learning experiences, incorporating features such as gamification, social interaction, and progress tracking to enhance user engagement and retention. Moreover, effective communication strategies and targeted interventions are necessary to re-engage users who may become disengaged or inactive, thereby improving overall retention rates in the Language Learning App Market.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Language Learning App Market

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the Language Learni...

As of 2022, there were over 2,000 living languages in Africa. With 520 languages, Nigeria accounted for around a fourth of the total languages spoken in Africa. Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo followed, each with over 200 living languages.

Africa's linguistic diversity

Africa boasted a repertoire of more than 2,000 living languages as of 2021. The continent had more than 900 classified as vigorous due to their widespread usage in face-to-face communication across all age groups. A regional perspective on the matter revealed that East Africa was Africa's most linguistically diverse region.

Embracing diversity: Africans welcome ethnic diversity in neighbors

In terms of cultural diversity, in 2021, the Republic of Chad held the title of being Africa's and the world's most culturally diverse nation. It obtained a cultural diversity index score of 0.85, with Cameroon and Nigeria following closely behind, scoring 0.84 and 0.83, respectively. The index measures diversity on a scale from zero to one, where one signifies the highest diversity level, while zero indicates the lowest level. Moreover, a survey conducted between 2019 and 2021 showed that Africans would be happy to have neighbors of different ethnicity.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Document Translation Services market size is USD XX million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.50% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 0.7% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD XX million.
Asia Pacific held the market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America market of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.9% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa held the major market ofaround 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.2% from 2024 to 2031.
The software held the highest Document Translation Services market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Document Translation Services Market

Key Drivers of Document Translation Services Market

Growing Globalization and International Trade to Increase the Demand Globally

The increasing globalization of businesses and expansion of international trade activities serve as key drivers for the document translation services market. As companies venture into new markets and target diverse customer bases worldwide, the need for accurate and culturally sensitive translation services rises. Document translation facilitates seamless communication across linguistic barriers, enabling companies to effectively engage with stakeholders, enter new markets, and establish a global presence. Moreover, with the rise of e-commerce and digital communication channels, there is a growing demand for translated content to support online transactions, customer support, and marketing efforts in multiple languages.

Legal and Regulatory Compliance Requirements to Propel Market Growth

Another significant driver for the document translation services market is the increasing emphasis on legal and regulatory compliance across industries and jurisdictions. Businesses operating in multinational environments must adhere to various laws, regulations, and standards, often requiring the translation of legal documents, contracts, and compliance materials into different languages. Additionally, industries such as healthcare, finance, and manufacturing must ensure that their documentation meets regulatory requirements in target markets, necessitating accurate and certified translations. As regulatory complexity continues to grow, document translation services play a crucial role in helping organizations navigate legal challenges, mitigate risks, and maintain compliance with local laws and regulations.

Restraint Factors of Document Translation Services Market

Linguistic and Cultural Complexity to Limit the Sales

One key restraint in the document translation services market is the inherent linguistic and cultural complexity involved in translating content across different languages and regions. Languages vary significantly in terms of grammar, syntax, idiomatic expressions, and cultural nuances, making accurate translation a challenging task. Translators must possess not only linguistic proficiency but also cultural understanding to ensure that the translated content resonates with the target audience. Moreover, certain languages may lack direct equivalents for certain terms or concepts, requiring translators to employ creative strategies to convey the intended meaning accurately.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Document Translation Services Market

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the document translation services market, leading to both challenges and opportunities. With the widespread adoption of remote work and digital communication, there has been an increased demand for translation services to facilitate multilingual communication in virtual settings. Businesses and organizations worldwide have relied on document translation to ensure effective communication with global partners, clients, and remote teams. However, the pandemic has also disrupted traditional workflows, causing delays in project timelines, fluctuations...

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global font library market size will be USD XX million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD XX million.
Asia Pacific held a market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America's market has more than 5% of the global revenue, with a market size of USD XX million in 2024, and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.4% from 2024 to 2031.
The Middle East and Africa held the major markets, accounting for around 2% of the global revenue. The market was USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The research type segment held the highest Font library market revenue share in 2024

Market Dynamics of Font Library Market

Key Drivers for Font Library Market

Growing Need for Fonts Supporting Various Languages to Increase the Demand Globally

One key driver in the Font library market is the growing need for fonts supporting various languages. It is fueled by the expansion of online content, international marketing efforts, and the imperative to foster inclusivity. Consequently, font libraries offering extensive language support become indispensable tools for designers and developers striving to create inclusive and accessible content across various platforms, driving the growth of the font market.

Increase in the proliferation of content creation platforms to Propel Market Growth

Another key driver in the font library market is the increase in the proliferation of content creation platforms. As these platforms expand, there's an increasing demand for diverse fonts to cater to various creative needs. Consequently, font libraries have become essential resources, offering a wide range of styles, from classic to avant-garde, to meet these evolving demands. This trend fuels the expansion of the font library market, providing opportunities for font designers and businesses alike.

Restraint Factor for the Font Library Market

Price Sensitivity to Limit the Sales

One key restraint in the font library market is the challenge of price sensitivity. It limits the ability of font libraries to set higher prices or implement significant price increases without risking customer attrition. Consequently, font libraries must carefully balance pricing strategies to remain competitive while ensuring profitability. Meeting the diverse needs of customers at varying price points becomes crucial in navigating this restraint effectively.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Font Library Market

The font library market has experienced both challenges and opportunities due to the impact of COVID-19. While there was increased demand for digital communication tools, leading to a surge in online font usage, many businesses reduced discretionary spending, affecting font purchases. Additionally, disruptions in supply chains and production processes impacted font developers and distributors. Overall, the market faced challenges but also opportunities for innovation and adaptation amidst the pandemic's uncertainties. Introduction of the Font Library Market

A font library is a collection of typefaces available for use in various design projects. It encompasses a range of fonts, from serif to sans-serif, script, and decorative styles. These libraries serve as repositories for designers, providing access to diverse typographical options to enhance visual communication across print and digital media. One of the key drivers bolstering the growth of the font library market is the adoption of flexible licensing models. These models offer customers a variety of options to access fonts, such as subscription-based services or pay-per-use arrangements. This shift meets the evolving needs of designers and businesses, providing them with greater flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability in managing their font assets. As a result, the market for fonts is experiencing growth as more users embrace these adaptable licensing models to obtain the fonts th...

■Objectives Based on the Tourism Vision to Support Japan's Tomorrow, the Ministry of the Environment is promoting the "National Park Enjoyment Project" to brand Japan's national parks as world-class national parks. In order to increase the time spent by tourists visiting national parks and to secure repeat visitors, it is essential to improve the satisfaction level of experience stays through the preparation of easy-to-understand and attractive explanations in multiple languages from the perspective of foreigners regarding information boards, visitor centers, and other exhibits. The objective of this project is to improve the user satisfaction of national parks, quasi-national parks, and long-distance nature trails (a long-distance nature trail based on the long-distance nature trail development plan provided by the Department of Nature and Environment of the Ministry of the Environment, or a long-distance nature trail managed or operated by a local government, etc.;) by providing support for the development of multilingual explanations of natural tourism resources in national parks, quasi-national parks, and long-distance nature trails using advanced, high-dimensional technology, and to make Japan's national parks, quasi-national parks, and long-distance nature trails a desirable tourist destination for people around the world.

■ Areas It is desirable to install information boards, digital signage, and displays in each national park, quasi-national park, and long-distance nature trail area. However, in light of the purpose of the project, if the information includes information related to national parks, quasi-national parks, and long-distance nature trails and encourages people to visit national parks, quasi-national parks, and long-distance nature trails, it will be subsidized not only in the national park, quasi-national park, and long-distance nature trail area, but also in public facilities and spaces that serve as bases for people to visit national parks, such as stations, bus terminals, roadside stations, and tourist information centers located outside the area.

■ Overview The following projects will use ICT to prepare easy-to-understand and attractive explanations in English, Korean, Chinese, and other languages for exhibits such as information boards and visitor centers in 34 National Parks, 58 Quasi-National Parks, and 10 Long Distance Nature Trail. The target content includes not only information on tourist facilities and scenic spots, but also information on activities, information on blooming, animal sightings, information on mountain trails, and other real-time information, as well as information on dangerous organisms.

A Development of Information Transmission Media (1) Guide and Instructional Boards In addition to construction costs for newly installing or renovating guide and instructional boards, costs for dismantling and removing old guide boards, etc. and costs related to actual design

(2) Signs Limited to those that are integrated with guide and instructional boards. In addition to construction costs for newly installing or renovating signs, expenses for dismantling and removing old signs for implementing this construction, expenses related to practical design

(3) Exhibition at Visitor Centers, etc. In addition to construction costs for newly installing or renovating displays at exhibition facilities such as Visitor Centers, information centers, etc., expenses for dismantling and removing old exhibits for implementing this construction, expenses related to practical design

(4) Digital Signage Limited to those introduced in conjunction with "b. Content Creation." Information on national parks, etc. is provided to users of national parks, quasi-national parks, and long-distance nature trails, including foreign visitors, at exhibition facilities such as visitor centers, information centers, etc.

(5) Tablet Limited to those introduced in conjunction with (a) Content Creation. Information on national parks, etc. is provided to users of national parks, quasi-national parks, and long-distance nature trails, including foreign visitors, at exhibition facilities such as visitor centers, information centers, etc.

(6) Website Must be implemented in conjunction with Content Invocation. This service, which includes support for smartphones, provides information on national parks, etc. to users of national parks, quasi-national parks, and long-distance nature trails, including foreign visitors to Japan.

(7) Posters, brochures, leaflets, etc. Limited to those introduced in conjunction with "C. Calling Content." Posts, etc. to provide information on national parks, etc. to users of national parks, etc. including foreign visitors to Japan. Including digital pamphlets, etc.

(8) Others Advanced Media Development The following expenses will not be subsidized for media development. ・ Expenses required for acquisition of land necessary for installation of guideboards, signs, etc. Expenses required for renovation of ・ multilingual explanation without clear functional improvement (Measures for breakdowns, aging, etc.) Expenses for maintenance of ・ communication expenses, etc. In addition, if revenue is expected from advertising in the subsidized media, it shall be in principle equivalent to the maintenance and management expenses of the subsidized media.

Content creation (1) Image content (movies and still images) (2) Audio content (3) Applications (guides), etc. Content creation costs related to advertising will not be subsidized.

E Content Calling (1) QR Code (2) AR Marker (3) Omega Code (4) Unicode, etc.

E Multilingual Explanatory Texts (1) Chinese, Korean, and other major foreign languages, and text supervision by experts. However, English explanations that are subject to the Japan Tourism Agency's Support Project for Multilingual Explanatory Development of Regional Tourism Resources (hereinafter referred to as "Japan Tourism Agency Multilingual Program") are excluded.

(2) English preparation of national parks, quasi-national parks and long-distance nature trails and supervision of text by experts However, when preparing English text, the "List of Experts for the Preparation of English Explanatory Text on Regional Tourism Resources" prepared by the Japan Tourism Agency and the following guidelines prepared by the Japan Tourism Agency's Multilingual Program shall be used. ・ "How To Multilingual Explanatory Text Development" and Explanatory Videos Writing Style Manual for English Explanatory Text of ・ Regional Tourism Resources Glossary for English Explanatory Text of ・ Regional Tourism Resources Examples of English Explanatory Text of ・ Regional Tourism Resources ・ Database of Glossary and Examples

For details of the above guidelines, please refer to the latest version of the website below.

< Support Project for the Development of Multilingual Explanations of Regional Tourism Resources by the Japan Tourism Agency > https://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/shisaku/kankochi/multilingual-kaisetsu.html

The above target project is based on the Plan for the Development of Multilingual Explanations in National Parks, Quasi-National Parks and Long-Distance Nature Trail, which is formulated by the applicant in order to promote the development of multilingual explanations of natural tourism resources in national parks, quasi-national parks and long-distance nature trails, and in cooperation with the Multilingual Project of the Japan Tourism Agency, to provide advanced and high-dimensional multilingual explanations (Development of multilingual explanations, establishment and renovation of multilingual information boards (including electronic information boards using ICT, etc.), multilingualization of exhibits, creation of multilingual explanation applications and contents, etc.) using ICT, etc. (The form of the development plan shall be determined in the Implementation Guidelines for the Development of Multilingual Explanations in National Parks, etc.). Prior coordination should be made with the the Ministry of the Environment National Park Division regarding the preparation of English language descriptions. In addition, it is limited to the case that it complies with the latest preparation guidelines, etc. prepared by the Japan Tourism Agency and utilizes human resources recommended by the Japan Tourism Agency for preparation and supervision. However, this shall not apply to a simple translation (such as a simple prohibition sign or notice).

Cooperation with the Japan Tourism Agency "Support Project for Development of Multilingual Explanations of Regional Tourism Resources" Cooperation with the Japan Tourism Agency Multilingual Program will be based on the following points.

(1) The English commentary produced by the Multilingual Program of the Japan Tourism Agency will be used for this project. It also includes the utilization of the results of the multilingual project of Japan Tourism Agency conducted from fiscal 2018 to fiscal 2022. This project also includes projects that utilize the deliverables in part. (Examples: Preparation of guide plates, pamphlets, signage contents, etc., which contain a mixture of explanatory text, cautionary statements, map information, etc., and integrated preparation of explanatory plates and signs, etc.)

(2) Japan Tourism Agency Multilingual Program Artifacts are copyrighted by Japan Tourism Agency and may be used without notifying Japan Tourism Agency if part or all of the text is used unchanged verbatim. Therefore, local governments that have not applied for the Japan Tourism Agency Multilingual Program from FY 2018 to this year will be able to use the deliverables to develop media in this program. (Example: In this project, local governments will utilize English explanations of national parks created for the the

JavaScript and Java were some of the most tested programming languages on the DevSkiller platform as of 2024. SQL and Python ranked second and fourth, with ** percent and ** percent of respondents testing this language in 2024, respectively. Nevertheless, the tech skill developers wanted to learn the most in 2024 was related to artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. At the same time, the fastest growing IT skills among DevSkiller customers were C/C++ and data science, while cybersecurity ranked third. Software skills When it came to the most used programming language among developers worldwide, JavaScript took the top spot, chosen by 62 percent of surveyed respondents. Most software developers learn how to code between 11 and 17 years old, with some of them writing their first line of code by the age of 5. Moreover, seven out of 10 developers learned how to program by accessing online resources such as videos and blogs. Software skills pay In 2024, the average annual software developer’s salary in the U.S. amounted to nearly ** thousand U.S. dollars, while in Germany, it totaled above ** thousand U.S. dollars. The programming languages associated with the highest salaries worldwide in 2024 were Clojure and Erlang.

The most popular programming language used in the past 12 months by software developers worldwide is JavaScript as of 2024, according to ** percent of the software developers surveyed. This is followed by Python at ** percent of the respondents surveyed.

As of 2023, more than ** percent of people in the United States spoke a language other than English at home. California had the highest share among all U.S. states, with ** percent of its population speaking a language other than English at home.

Singapore scored 631 out of a maximum of 800 points in the English Proficiency Index 2022, the highest score across the selected Asian countries and territories. In contrast, Thailand reached an English Proficiency Index score of 416 that year.

In July 2024, Duolingo was the most popular language learning app worldwide based on monthly downloads, with around 14.3 million users downloading the app to their mobile devices during the month. Lingutown was the second most popular language learning app in the examined period, with almost two million downloads. Language learning apps focusing on language acquisition for children were also popular, with children-specific app Buddy.ai: Buddy.ai: Fun Learning Games generating 1.63 million downloads worldwide. Language learning apps, which combine learning gamification with language acquisition, have become an increasingly popular method to learn and practice a foreign language for both adults and kids.

Abstract

Gallup Worldwide Research continually surveys residents in more than 150 countries, representing more than 98% of the world's adult population, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. Gallup typically surveys 1,000 individuals in each country, using a standard set of core questions that has been translated into the major languages of the respective country. In some regions, supplemental questions are asked in addition to core questions. Face-to-face interviews are approximately 1 hour, while telephone interviews are about 30 minutes. In many countries, the survey is conducted once per year, and fieldwork is generally completed in two to four weeks. The Country Dataset Details spreadsheet displays each country's sample size, month/year of the data collection, mode of interviewing, languages employed, design effect, margin of error, and details about sample coverage.

Gallup is entirely responsible for the management, design, and control of Gallup Worldwide Research. For the past 70 years, Gallup has been committed to the principle that accurately collecting and disseminating the opinions and aspirations of people around the globe is vital to understanding our world. Gallup's mission is to provide information in an objective, reliable, and scientifically grounded manner. Gallup is not associated with any political orientation, party, or advocacy group and does not accept partisan entities as clients. Any individual, institution, or governmental agency may access the Gallup Worldwide Research regardless of nationality. The identities of clients and all surveyed respondents will remain confidential.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLING AND DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY With some exceptions, all samples are probability based and nationally representative of the resident population aged 15 and older. The coverage area is the entire country including rural areas, and the sampling frame represents the entire civilian, non-institutionalized, aged 15 and older population of the entire country. Exceptions include areas where the safety of interviewing staff is threatened, scarcely populated islands in some countries, and areas that interviewers can reach only by foot, animal, or small boat.

Telephone surveys are used in countries where telephone coverage represents at least 80% of the population or is the customary survey methodology (see the Country Dataset Details for detailed information for each country). In Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in the developing world, including much of Latin America, the former Soviet Union countries, nearly all of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, an area frame design is used for face-to-face interviewing.

The typical Gallup Worldwide Research survey includes at least 1,000 surveys of individuals. In some countries, oversamples are collected in major cities or areas of special interest. Additionally, in some large countries, such as China and Russia, sample sizes of at least 2,000 are collected. Although rare, in some instances the sample size is between 500 and 1,000. See the Country Dataset Details for detailed information for each country.

FACE-TO-FACE SURVEY DESIGN

FIRST STAGE In countries where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of 100 to 135 ultimate clusters (Sampling Units), consisting of clusters of households. Sampling units are stratified by population size and or geography and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size, otherwise simple random sampling is used. Samples are drawn independent of any samples drawn for surveys conducted in previous years.

There are two methods for sample stratification:

METHOD 1: The sample is stratified into 100 to 125 ultimate clusters drawn proportional to the national population, using the following strata: 1) Areas with population of at least 1 million 2) Areas 500,000-999,999 3) Areas 100,000-499,999 4) Areas 50,000-99,999 5) Areas 10,000-49,999 6) Areas with less than 10,000

The strata could include additional stratum to reflect populations that exceed 1 million as well as areas with populations less than 10,000. Worldwide Research Methodology and Codebook Copyright © 2008-2012 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 8

METHOD 2:

A multi-stage design is used. The country is first stratified by large geographic units, and then by smaller units within geography. A minimum of 33 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), which are first stage sampling units, are selected. The sample design results in 100 to 125 ultimate clusters.

SECOND STAGE

Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day, and where possible, on different days. If an interviewer cannot obtain an interview at the initial sampled household, he or she uses a simple substitution method. Refer to Appendix C for a more in-depth description of random route procedures.

THIRD STAGE

Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Interviewers list all eligible household members and their ages or birthdays. The respondent is selected by means of the Kish grid (refer to Appendix C) in countries where face-to-face interviewing is used. The interview does not inform the person who answers the door of the selection criteria until after the respondent has been identified. In a few Middle East and Asian countries where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected using the Kish grid from among all eligible adults of the matching gender.

TELEPHONE SURVEY DESIGN

In countries where telephone interviewing is employed, random-digit-dial (RDD) or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In select countries where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random respondent selection is achieved by using either the latest birthday or Kish grid method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day. Appointments for callbacks that fall within the survey data collection period are made.

PANEL SURVEY DESIGN

Prior to 2009, United States data were collected using The Gallup Panel. The Gallup Panel is a probability-based, nationally representative panel, for which all members are recruited via random-digit-dial methodology and is only used in the United States. Participants who elect to join the panel are committing to the completion of two to three surveys per month, with the typical survey lasting 10 to 15 minutes. The Gallup Worldwide Research panel survey is conducted over the telephone and takes approximately 30 minutes. No incentives are given to panel participants. Worldwide Research Methodology and Codebook Copyright © 2008-2012 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Research instrument

QUESTION DESIGN

Many of the Worldwide Research questions are items that Gallup has used for years. When developing additional questions, Gallup employed its worldwide network of research and political scientists1 to better understand key issues with regard to question development and construction and data gathering. Hundreds of items were developed, tested, piloted, and finalized. The best questions were retained for the core questionnaire and organized into indexes. Most items have a simple dichotomous ("yes or no") response set to minimize contamination of data because of cultural differences in response styles and to facilitate cross-cultural comparisons.

The Gallup Worldwide Research measures key indicators such as Law and Order, Food and Shelter, Job Creation, Migration, Financial Wellbeing, Personal Health, Civic Engagement, and Evaluative Wellbeing and demonstrates their correlations with world development indicators such as GDP and Brain Gain. These indicators assist leaders in understanding the broad context of national interests and establishing organization-specific correlations between leading indexes and lagging economic outcomes.

Gallup organizes its core group of indicators into the Gallup World Path. The Path is an organizational conceptualization of the seven indexes and is not to be construed as a causal model. The individual indexes have many properties of a strong theoretical framework. A more in-depth description of the questions and Gallup indexes is included in the indexes section of this document. In addition to World Path indexes, Gallup Worldwide Research questions also measure opinions about national institutions, corruption, youth development, community basics, diversity, optimism, communications, religiosity, and numerous other topics. For many regions of the world, additional questions that are specific to that region or country are included in surveys. Region-specific questions have been developed for predominantly Muslim nations, former Soviet Union countries, the Balkans, sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, China and India, South Asia, and Israel and the Palestinian Territories.

The questionnaire is translated into the major conversational languages of each country. The translation process starts with an English, French, or Spanish version, depending on the region. One of two translation methods may be used.

METHOD 1: Two independent translations are completed. An independent third party, with some knowledge of survey research methods, adjudicates the differences. A professional translator translates the final version back into the source language.

METHOD 2: A translator

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