The Functional Water Market Report is Segmented by Product Type (Vitamin, Protein, Electrolyte/Mineral, and Others), Packaging (PET Bottle, Can, and Others), Flavor (Flavored, and Non-Flavored), Distribution Channel (Supermarkets/Hypermarkets, Convenience/Grocery Stores, and More); and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and More). The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

Functional Water Market size was valued at USD 14.11 billion in 2021 and is poised to grow from USD 15.1 billion in 2022 to USD 27.76 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 7% in the forecast period (2023-2030).

Global Bottled water Market to grow from US$ 267.15 Billion in 2023 to US$ 482.95 Billion by 2032, at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2024 - 2032

Bottled Functional Water Market Outlook

The global bottled functional water market size stood at approximately USD 8.3 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 17.9 billion by 2032, with a compelling compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.1%. This surge in market size is attributed to the increasing consumer demand for health-conscious beverages, coupled with rising awareness about the benefits of functional ingredients. The market's robust growth is propelled by factors such as the shift towards healthier lifestyle choices, increasing disposable incomes, and innovation in product offerings that appeal to health-savvy consumers. The convenience factor associated with bottled functional water, providing an easy way to consume nutrients on-the-go, further adds to its expanding market footprint.

One of the primary growth factors for the bottled functional water market is the heightened consumer awareness regarding health and wellness. As modern consumers become increasingly educated on the impacts of their dietary choices, there is a growing inclination towards products that offer additional health benefits. Functional waters, infused with vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other beneficial compounds, cater to this demand by providing essential nutrients in a convenient format. This trend is particularly evident among urban populations, where busy lifestyles often necessitate quick and easy access to health-enhancing products. Furthermore, functional water brands are leveraging social media and digital marketing strategies to educate consumers on the advantages of their products, thereby boosting consumer engagement and driving market growth.

Another significant driver of market expansion is the product innovation and diversification within the industry. Brands are continuously exploring new functional ingredients and flavor profiles to differentiate their offerings in a competitive marketplace. This innovation is not limited to the ingredients alone; it extends to packaging and branding strategies as well. For instance, sustainable and biodegradable packaging options are gaining traction, appealing to environmentally conscious consumers. Additionally, the introduction of smart packaging solutions, such as QR codes and augmented reality features that provide detailed product information and health tips, enhances the consumer experience and adds value to the product, thereby encouraging repeat purchases and fostering brand loyalty.

The growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases and the rising global health consciousness are also significant contributors to the marketÂ’s growth. As obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases become more common, there is a concerted effort among consumers to adopt preventative healthcare measures. Functional water, with its added health benefits, positions itself as an ideal alternative to sugary and carbonated drinks, aligning with the increasing preference for reduced-sugar and low-calorie options. This shift in consumer preferences is further supported by government initiatives and policies aimed at promoting healthier beverage choices, thereby fostering an environment conducive to the growth of the functional water market.

Fruit Infused Water is becoming an increasingly popular choice among health-conscious consumers seeking a refreshing and nutritious alternative to sugary beverages. This type of functional water is enhanced with natural fruit flavors, offering both hydration and a subtle taste of fruits like lemon, berries, or cucumber. The appeal of Fruit Infused Water lies in its ability to provide essential vitamins and antioxidants naturally derived from fruits, making it an attractive option for those looking to boost their daily nutrient intake without added sugars or artificial ingredients. As consumers continue to prioritize health and wellness, the demand for Fruit Infused Water is expected to grow, contributing to the overall expansion of the bottled functional water market.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific market is anticipated to experience significant growth during the forecast period. The rapid urbanization and growing middle-class population in countries such as China and India are driving the demand for health-oriented products, including functional water. North America, with its established market presence and high consumer awareness, continues to be a leading region in terms of market share. Europe also represents a mature market with steady growth, driven by increasing health consciousness and the trend towards premiumization of beverage products. Meanwhile,

The global Bottled Water Market size is expected to grow from USD 230 million in 2019 to USD 400 million by 2026, at a CAGR of 8% from 2020-2026

Bottled Water Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the global bottled water market size reached USD 342.5 billion in 2024, reflecting the growing consumer demand for convenient and healthy hydration options. The market is expected to expand at a robust CAGR of 6.2% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a forecasted value of USD 589.8 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily driven by increasing health consciousness, urbanization, and the rising preference for safe and contaminant-free drinking water worldwide.

One of the principal growth factors for the bottled water market is the rising awareness regarding the health risks associated with contaminated tap water. In both emerging and developed economies, consumers are increasingly prioritizing health and wellness, leading to a shift towards bottled water as a safer alternative. This trend is further amplified by frequent reports of waterborne diseases and the inadequacy of municipal water treatment infrastructure in several regions. The proliferation of health and fitness trends, coupled with the perception of bottled water as a premium and pure hydration source, has significantly bolstered market demand. Furthermore, the marketing efforts of leading brands emphasizing purity, mineral content, and added functional benefits have played a crucial role in shaping consumer preferences.

Urbanization and the fast-paced lifestyle of modern consumers have also contributed to the burgeoning demand for bottled water. With the rapid expansion of urban centers, particularly in Asia Pacific and Africa, access to clean and potable tap water remains a challenge for many. Bottled water provides a convenient and reliable solution, especially for on-the-go consumption. The widespread availability of bottled water across diverse retail channels, including supermarkets, convenience stores, and online platforms, has further facilitated its adoption. Additionally, the growing penetration of international and local bottled water brands in rural and semi-urban markets is expanding the consumer base, making bottled water accessible to a broader demographic.

Another significant driver is the innovation in packaging and product offerings. The introduction of flavored and functional water variants, such as vitamin-infused, electrolyte-enhanced, and alkaline bottled waters, has diversified the market and attracted a new segment of health-conscious consumers. These value-added products cater to specific consumer needs, such as hydration during sports, weight management, and immune support. Sustainable packaging initiatives, including the use of recycled PET bottles and biodegradable materials, are also gaining traction, addressing environmental concerns and appealing to eco-conscious consumers. As a result, bottled water brands are investing heavily in R&D and marketing to differentiate their products in an increasingly competitive landscape.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific dominates the bottled water market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, driven by the massive population base, rapid urbanization, and rising disposable incomes in countries like China and India. North America and Europe also represent significant markets, underpinned by strong health awareness, high per capita consumption, and well-established retail infrastructure. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America are witnessing accelerated growth due to increasing tourism, hot climatic conditions, and improving distribution networks. The regional dynamics are further influenced by regulatory frameworks, cultural preferences, and the penetration of international brands, shaping the competitive landscape and growth prospects across different geographies.

Product Type Analysis

The bottled water market is segmented by product type into still water, sparkling water, flavored water, and functional water. Still water remains the dominant segment, representing over 60% of the global market share in 2024. This is primarily due to its widespread availab

Learn more about Market Research Intellect's Bottled Functional Water Market Report, valued at USD 12.5 billion in 2024, and set to grow to USD 22.3 billion by 2033 with a CAGR of 8.5% (2026-2033).

The Global Bottled Water Market Report is Segmented by Type (Still Water, Sparkling Water, and Functional/Flavored Water), Distribution Channel (Off-Trade and On-Trade), and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle-East and Africa). The Report Offers Market Size and Forecast in Value Terms in USD for all the Above Segments.

Flavored and Functional Water Market size worth at USD 13.41 Billion in 2023 and projected to USD 24.03 Billion by 2032, with a CAGR of around 6.7%.

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Bottled Water market size is USD 304154.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.20% from 2024 to 2031.

North America Market held 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 91246.26 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe Bottled Water Market held 30% of the global market size of USD 85163.18 million in 2024.
Asia Pacific Bottled Water Market held 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 109495.51 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2% from 2024 to 2031.
South America Bottled Water market held 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 15207.71 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa Bottled Water Market held the major market of around 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 3041.54 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.9% from 2024 to 2031.
The demand for bottled water among customers who are health-conscious has been driven by factors such as the expanding urban population, rising disposable income, greater consumer health consciousness, and growing awareness of waterborne illnesses. 
In addition, producers are being pushed to use more PET and plant-based water bottles in order to attain sustainability due to growing worries about the plastic waste coming from the bottled water sector.
The Still Bottled Water held the highest Bottled Water market revenue share in 2024.

Key Dynamics of

Bottled Water Market

Key Drivers of

Bottled Water Market

Increasing Health Awareness Among Consumers: A growing number of consumers are opting for bottled water instead of sugary drinks due to heightened awareness regarding health and wellness. This transition is driven by changes in lifestyle, fitness trends, and worries about obesity and diabetes.

Substandard Quality of Tap Water in Developing Areas: In numerous nations, the limited availability of clean drinking water has resulted in an increased dependence on bottled water. Concerns regarding safety, frequent contamination, and inadequate filtration infrastructure are propelling this demand.

Convenience and Portability Aspect: Bottled water provides unparalleled convenience for hydration on the move. Its extensive presence in retail stores, vending machines, and restaurants facilitates impulse purchases and enhances sales in urban and travel-oriented areas.

Key Restraints for

Bottled Water Market

Environmental Concerns and Plastic Waste Issues: Growing criticism regarding plastic pollution and the carbon footprint linked to bottled water production is exerting pressure on brands. Governments and environmental organizations are advocating for a reduction in single-use plastic consumption.

Higher Cost Compared to Tap Water: The comparatively elevated price of bottled water—particularly for premium and imported brands—restricts its accessibility for low-income consumers. This sensitivity to price can hinder extensive market penetration.

Presence of Alternative Hydration Options: The market is contending with competition from other functional and flavored beverages such as enhanced water, electrolyte drinks, and reusable filtered water bottles. These alternatives frequently provide comparable benefits at a reduced environmental impact.

Key Trends in

Bottled Water Market

Surge in Demand for Flavored and Functional Waters: Consumers are increasingly opting for flavored bottled waters that are fortified with vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes. These offerings appeal to health-conscious individuals and provide advantages that extend beyond mere hydration.

Shift Toward Sustainable Packaging Solutions: Companies are focusing on biodegradable bottles, plant-derived plastics, and recycled PET materials to minimize their ecological footprint. This trend towards sustainability is becoming integral to brand identity and fostering customer loyalty.

Growth in Premium and Mineral Water Segments: There is a growing interest in premium water products such as natural spring water, mineral water, and alkaline water. These products are promoted as luxury lifestyle options, particul...

The global flavored and functional water market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing health consciousness and a shift towards healthier beverage alternatives. The market's value, while not explicitly stated, can be reasonably estimated based on the presence of major players like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and Nestle, indicating a significant market size likely in the billions of dollars. A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) – let's assume a conservative 7% based on industry trends – projects substantial expansion over the forecast period (2025-2033). Key drivers include the rising demand for convenient and healthier hydration options, the increasing prevalence of health-conscious consumers seeking added functional benefits (vitamins, electrolytes, antioxidants), and the growing popularity of flavored waters catering to diverse taste preferences. Market trends point towards innovation in flavor profiles, the use of natural ingredients, and a focus on sustainability and eco-friendly packaging. Constraints may include fluctuating raw material prices, intense competition from established beverage companies, and regulatory hurdles concerning labeling and ingredient claims. Segmentation likely includes categories based on flavor type (fruit, herbal, etc.), functional benefits (electrolytes, vitamins), packaging (bottles, cans), and distribution channels. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of large multinational corporations and smaller specialized brands. Major players leverage their established distribution networks and brand recognition to maintain market share. However, smaller players focusing on niche segments like organic or specific functional benefits are also gaining traction. The regional breakdown (while not provided) would likely show significant presence in developed markets like North America and Europe, with emerging markets in Asia and Latin America demonstrating high growth potential. The historical period (2019-2024) likely saw considerable growth influenced by evolving consumer preferences and rising disposable incomes. The forecast period suggests continued expansion, though the actual growth rate will depend on several factors including economic conditions and the successful launch of innovative products.

The global bottled functional water market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing health consciousness and a rising demand for convenient hydration solutions. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market value of $25 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key trends, including the proliferation of enhanced water varieties with added vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes, appealing to health-conscious consumers seeking performance enhancement and better hydration. Furthermore, the growing popularity of functional beverages, coupled with rising disposable incomes in emerging markets, is significantly contributing to market growth. The market is segmented by various functional ingredients (e.g., vitamin-enhanced, electrolyte-enhanced), packaging types, and distribution channels. Major players like PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, and Suntory are actively investing in research and development to launch innovative products and expand their market share, fostering competition and further driving market expansion. However, the market also faces certain challenges. Pricing pressures, particularly for premium functional waters, coupled with concerns about the environmental impact of plastic bottles, represent significant restraints. Regulatory scrutiny regarding health claims and ingredient labeling adds another layer of complexity for market players. To overcome these hurdles, companies are increasingly focusing on sustainable packaging options, such as recyclable bottles and eco-friendly materials, as well as transparent labeling and ingredient sourcing. This focus on sustainability and transparency is crucial for maintaining consumer trust and supporting long-term market growth. The regional distribution of the market likely shows a higher concentration in developed economies, such as North America and Europe, due to higher disposable incomes and greater health consciousness, but emerging markets in Asia and Latin America are showing promising growth potential.

The premium bottled water market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing health consciousness, a preference for premiumization across consumer goods, and rising disposable incomes globally. The market, estimated at $50 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $90 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key trends: the burgeoning popularity of functional waters infused with vitamins, minerals, or electrolytes; a growing demand for sustainable and ethically sourced products, pushing companies to adopt eco-friendly packaging and responsible sourcing practices; and a shift towards convenient, on-the-go consumption, boosting sales in convenience stores and supermarkets. While challenges exist, such as fluctuating raw material costs and increasing competition, the overall market outlook remains positive. The segmentation of the premium bottled water market reveals a clear preference for flavored varieties, which consistently outperform unflavored options. Supermarkets remain the dominant distribution channel, followed by convenience stores, reflecting consumer purchasing habits. Key players like Danone, Nestle, and Coca-Cola dominate the market, leveraging their established brands and distribution networks. Regional variations exist, with North America and Europe currently holding significant market share; however, Asia Pacific is expected to show substantial growth potential driven by increasing affluence and rising demand in emerging economies like China and India. Successful companies will need to focus on innovation, sustainable practices, and targeted marketing campaigns to capture market share in this dynamic and competitive landscape.

The size of the North American Bottled Water Market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 3.82% during the forecast period. The soybean refreshments advertise in Europe is centered around soy-based drinks such as soy drain and soy yogurt, known for their plenitude of protein and positive impacts on wellbeing. The advertise is developing relentlessly since of expanding wellbeing mindfulness and the require for plant-based alternatives. Soy drinks are significant for people who are bigoted to lactose and those who are looking for economical diets. The showcase is picking up preferences from the move towards wellbeing and wellness, as well as the developing nearness of soy beverag. The North American bottled water showcase centers on bundled drinking water, which can be still, shining, or utilitarian, and is esteemed for its comfort and wellbeing benefits. The advertise is encountering consistent development due to expanding wellbeing awareness and the request for convenient, secure drinking water. Bottled water is fundamental for customers looking for more beneficial options to sugary drinks. The showcase benefits from patterns towards wellbeing and wellness, and the rising ubiquity of utilitarian water enhanced with vitamins and minerals. In spite of challenges such as natural concerns over plastic squander, continuous advancements in eco-friendly bundling and item separation bolster a positive showcase viewpoint, highlighting bottled water's pivotal part in North America's refreshment industry. Recent developments include: In January 2023, Flow Beverage Corp. launched vitamin-infused water in Canada. It contains 120% of the daily recommended daily value of Vitamin C and is an excellent source of zinc. It has zero sugar, calories or preservatives, and is made with organic certified ingredients., In September 2022, Waterloo sparkling water launched its all-new spiced apple sparkling water with a blend of crisp apples, aromatic spices, and sweet cider in Texas and worldwide. It is free of calories, sugar, and sweeteners. The flavors are made with Non-GMO Project Verified natural flavors and purified carbonated water., In March 2021, Nestle USA acquired Essentia Water, a premium functional water brand. This acquisition enabled the corporation to position and develop its water business in the United States and around the globe for long-term profitable growth. It also adds to the company's premium water portfolio and strengthens its position in the fast-growing functional water market.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Health Concerns are Supporting the Market's Growth, Growing Consumer Preference for Convenience Seafood. Potential restraints include: Rising Concern About Quality and Safety Standards of Canned Tuna. Notable trends are: Increased Participation in the Sports Activities.

The North America Bottled Water Market Report is Segmented by Type (Still Water, Sparkling Water, and Functional/Flavored Water), Packaging Format (PET Bottles, Glass Bottles, and Cans), Category (Mass and Premium), Distribution Channel (On-Trade and Off-Trade), and Geography (United States, Canada, Mexico, and Rest of North America). The Market Forecast are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

The global flavored and functional water market, valued at $31.47 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing health consciousness and demand for healthier beverage alternatives. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from 2025 to 2033 indicates significant expansion opportunities. Key drivers include rising disposable incomes, particularly in emerging economies, fueling consumer spending on premium beverages. The growing popularity of fitness and wellness trends, coupled with increased awareness of hydration's importance, further propels market growth. Consumers are increasingly seeking convenient and flavorful options that cater to their health goals, leading to the rise of functional waters enriched with vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes. Flavored waters, offering a refreshing and less sugary alternative to carbonated drinks, also contribute significantly to market expansion. The market segmentation reveals strong demand across various distribution channels, including hypermarkets, convenience stores, specialty stores, and online channels, reflecting evolving consumer purchasing habits and increasing accessibility. Competitive rivalry among established players like Nestle, PepsiCo, and Coca-Cola, along with innovative entrants focusing on niche segments, further shapes the market landscape. Regional variations exist, with North America and Europe currently holding substantial market shares, while Asia-Pacific is poised for significant growth fueled by rising middle-class populations and changing consumer preferences. While potential restraints include fluctuating raw material prices and stringent regulatory landscapes concerning food and beverage products, the overall market outlook remains positive, fueled by consistent consumer demand for healthy and convenient hydration solutions. Despite the positive outlook, challenges remain. Price fluctuations of raw materials, such as fruits and sweeteners used in flavored waters, can impact profitability. Furthermore, evolving consumer preferences and the introduction of new regulations in various regions require companies to adapt quickly to stay competitive. The increasing focus on sustainability and ethical sourcing is also impacting the supply chain. This necessitates investments in innovative packaging, efficient supply chain management, and sustainable sourcing practices. Nonetheless, the ongoing trend toward health-conscious consumption, the burgeoning demand for functional beverages that address specific health needs, and the expansion into new markets suggest that this market will sustain its upward trajectory in the forecast period. Strategic partnerships, product innovation, and effective marketing strategies will be crucial for success in this dynamic market.

Global Bottled Functional Water market size 2025 was XX Million. Bottled Functional Water Industry compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2025 till 2033.

• Bottled Functional Water Market Scope:

Global Bottled Functional Water Market is estimated to be valued US$ XX.X million in 2019. The report on Bottled Functional Water Market provides qualitative as well as quantitative analysis in terms of market dynamics, competition scenarios, opportunity analysis, market growth, etc. for the forecast year up to 2029. The global bottled functional water market is segmented on the basis of type, application, and geography.

Europe market was valued at US$ XX.X million in 2018 and is projected to reach US$ XX.X million in 2029, and register a CAGR of X.X% during the forecast period, according to a new Market.us (Prudour Research) study. Read More

The APAC Bottled Water Market report segments the industry into Type (Still Water, Sparkling Water, Functional Water), Distribution Channel (On-Trade, Off-Trade), and Geography (China, Japan, India, Australia, Rest of Asia-Pacific). Get five years of historical data alongside five-year market forecasts.

Bottled Drinking Water Market Outlook

In 2023, the global bottled drinking water market size was valued at approximately USD 250 billion and is projected to reach around USD 425 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2%. The burgeoning demand for safe and clean drinking water, heightened health awareness among consumers, and the proliferation of convenience-based lifestyles are key factors propelling the market's growth.

The growing concern over water contamination and the inadequacies of public water supply systems have significantly contributed to the rising demand for bottled drinking water. Consumers are increasingly seeking safe and reliable sources of drinking water, especially in regions where water quality is compromised. This heightened awareness regarding the importance of drinking clean water is a major growth driver for the bottled water market. Moreover, the convenience offered by bottled water has made it an essential commodity for consumers on the go, further bolstering its market demand.

Health consciousness among consumers has also amplified the demand for bottled water. With an increasing focus on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, many individuals prefer bottled drinking water over sugary drinks and sodas. The association of bottled water with purity and health has led to its widespread acceptance and consumption. Additionally, the market has witnessed a surge in the demand for functional and flavored bottled water, which cater to the preferences of health-conscious consumers seeking additional nutritional benefits and enhanced taste.

The surge in urbanization and the growing adoption of convenience-oriented lifestyles have further fueled the bottled drinking water market. The increasing number of working professionals and the fast-paced urban lifestyles have significantly boosted the consumption of on-the-go bottled water. Furthermore, the expansion of retail chains and e-commerce platforms has made bottled water more accessible to a broader consumer base. The availability of bottled water in various retail outlets, supermarkets, and online stores has played a crucial role in driving its market growth.

To meet the growing demand for bottled water, companies are investing in advanced Bottled Water Processing Equipment. This equipment is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of bottled water, as it helps in the filtration, purification, and bottling processes. The technology used in these systems is continually evolving to enhance efficiency and sustainability. Modern equipment not only improves the production capacity but also reduces energy consumption and waste, aligning with the industry's shift towards eco-friendly practices. As the market expands, the role of sophisticated processing equipment becomes increasingly crucial in maintaining product standards and meeting regulatory requirements.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific stands as the largest and fastest-growing market for bottled drinking water. The region's rapid urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and growing health consciousness among consumers are key factors contributing to this market growth. Additionally, the presence of large populations in countries like China and India has created a substantial consumer base for bottled drinking water. North America and Europe also represent significant markets, driven by high consumer awareness and the established presence of key market players. However, the increasing environmental concerns related to plastic waste and stringent government regulations could pose challenges to the market's growth in these regions.

Product Type Analysis

The bottled drinking water market is segmented by product type into still water, sparkling water, functional water, and flavored water. Still water holds the largest market share due to its widespread acceptance and consumption. Consumers perceive still water as a basic necessity for hydration, leading to its extensive demand across various demographics. Its affordability and availability in different packaging sizes further contribute to its dominant market position. The simple and clean appeal of still water continues to attract a broad consumer base, making it a cornerstone of the bottled water market.

On the other hand, sparkling water has gained significant traction, particularly in regions where consumers seek an alternative to sugary carbonated beverages.