China's main stock market index, the SHANGHAI, fell to 3898 points on December 2, 2025, losing 0.42% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has declined 1.98%, though it remains 15.36% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from China. China Shanghai Composite Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

China Options: Shanghai Stock Exchange: 300ETF: Open Interest data was reported at 1,792.724 Contract th in 08 May 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,755.841 Contract th for 07 May 2020. China Options: Shanghai Stock Exchange: 300ETF: Open Interest data is updated daily, averaging 1,722.016 Contract th from Dec 2019 (Median) to 08 May 2020, with 89 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,170.133 Contract th in 17 Mar 2020 and a record low of 180.700 Contract th in 23 Dec 2019. China Options: Shanghai Stock Exchange: 300ETF: Open Interest data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZI: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Options: Open Interest: Daily.

Prices for China Stock Market Index (CH50) including live quotes, historical charts and news. China Stock Market Index (CH50) was last updated by Trading Economics this December 2 of 2025.

China Options: Shanghai Stock Exchange: 500ETF: Open Interest data was reported at 1,172.276 Contract th in 01 Dec 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,129.846 Contract th for 28 Nov 2025. China Options: Shanghai Stock Exchange: 500ETF: Open Interest data is updated daily, averaging 836.517 Contract th from Sep 2022 (Median) to 01 Dec 2025, with 775 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,558.274 Contract th in 21 Nov 2025 and a record low of 96.428 Contract th in 19 Sep 2022. China Options: Shanghai Stock Exchange: 500ETF: Open Interest data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZI: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Options: Open Interest: Daily.

Techsalerator offers an extensive dataset of End-of-Day Pricing Data for all 2037 companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (XSHG) in China. This dataset includes the closing prices of equities (stocks), bonds, and indices at the end of each trading session. End-of-day prices are vital pieces of market data that are widely used by investors, traders, and financial institutions to monitor the performance and value of these assets over time.

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Top 5 used data fields in the End-of-Day Pricing Dataset for China:

1. Equity Closing Price :The closing price of individual company stocks at the end of the trading day.This field provides insights into the final price at which market participants were willing to buy or sell shares of a specific company.

2. Bond Closing Price: The closing price of various fixed-income securities, including government bonds, corporate bonds, and municipal bonds. Bond investors use this field to assess the current market value of their bond holdings.

3. Index Closing Price: The closing value of market indices, such as the Botswana stock market index, at the end of the trading day. These indices track the overall market performance and direction.

4. Equity Ticker Symbol: The unique symbol used to identify individual company stocks. Ticker symbols facilitate efficient trading and data retrieval.

5. Date of Closing Price: The specific trading day for which the closing price is provided. This date is essential for historical analysis and trend monitoring.

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Top 5 financial instruments with End-of-Day Pricing Data in China:

Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Domestic Company Index: The main index that tracks the performance of domestic companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. This index provides an overview of the overall market performance in China.

Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) Domestic Company Index: The index that tracks the performance of domestic companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. This index reflects the performance of companies listed on the technology-focused exchange.

Company A: A prominent Chinese company with diversified operations across various sectors, such as technology, finance, or manufacturing. This company's stock is widely traded on either the Shanghai Stock Exchange or the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

Company B: A leading financial institution in China, offering banking, insurance, or investment services. This company's stock is actively traded on one of the major stock exchanges in China.

Company C: A major player in the Chinese agriculture sector or other industries, involved in the production and distribution of goods or services. This company's stock is listed and actively traded on either the Shanghai Stock Exchange or the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

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If you're interested in accessing Techsalerator's End-of-Day Pricing Data for China, please contact info@techsalerator.com with your specific requirements. Techsalerator will provide you with a customized quote based on the number of data fields and records you need. The dataset can be delivered within 24 hours, and ongoing access options can be discussed if needed.

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Data fields included:

Equity Ticker Symbol Equity Closing Price Bond Ticker Symbol Bond Closing Price Index Ticker Symbol Index Closing Price Date of Closing Price Equity Name Equity Volume Equity High Price Equity Low Price Equity Open Price Bond Name Bond Coupon Rate Bond Maturity Index Name Index Change Index Percent Change Exchange Currency Total Market Capitalization Dividend Yield Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E) ‍

Q&A:

1. How much does the End-of-Day Pricing Data cost in China ?

The cost of this dataset may vary depending on factors such as the number of data fields, the frequency of updates, and the total records count. For precise pricing details, it is recommended to directly consult with a Techsalerator Data specialist.

1. How complete is the End-of-Day Pricing Data coverage in China?

Techsalerator provides comprehensive coverage of End-of-Day Pricing Data for various financial instruments, including equities, bonds, and indices. Thedataset encompasses major companies and securities traded on China exchanges.

1. How does Techsalerator collect this data?

Techsalerator collects End-of-Day Pricing Data from reliable sources, including stock exchanges, financial news outlets, and other market data providers. Data is carefully curated to ensure accuracy and reliability.

1. Can I select specific financial instruments or multiple countries with Techsalerator's End-of-Day Pricing Data?

Techsalerator offers the flexibility to select specific financial instruments, such as equities, bonds, or indices, depending on your needs. While the dataset focuses on Botswana, Techsalerator also provides data for other countries and international markets.

1. How do I pay for this dataset?

T...

• Only market data, eg. stock price, transaction amount, turnover etc. No enterprise data or valuation data included.
• Only China A-stock is included, B/H stock or ETF or HK listed is out of scope.
• In China stock market, the small capital stock price fluctuate heavily. It is not effective for long term analysis or modeling. This dataset only contains the stocks whose market capital larger than 3 billion CNY (eqv 500m USD)
• The data set are split into 4 csv files by market capital at snapshot 2021-12-31 approximately. Please combine them together if you don't have preference on the market capital breakdown.
• In the label files, label_f{}t{} means whether the stock price change exceed the threshold(t) in future(f) days. eg. label_f5t10 means the price raises over 10% in 5 days after current date(row date).

The dataset used in this paper is a collection of financial time series data, including daily open price, high price, low price, close price, and trading volume.

Hong Kong's main stock market index, the HK50, rose to 26095 points on December 2, 2025, gaining 0.24% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has declined 0.24%, though it remains 32.15% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Hong Kong. Hong Kong Stock Market Index (HK50) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

A50: China's Stock Market Enigma

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

N is the total number of trading days with limit hits. ⟨N⟩ is the average number of limit-hitting days for individual stocks. Ncon is the number of limit-hitting days with continued next-day opening prices (up-limit days with the next-day opening prices higher than the closing prices and down-limit days with the next-day opening price lower than the closing prices). Nrev is the number of limit-hitting days with price reversal on the next day. Nopen, Nam, Npm and Nclose are respectively the numbers of days with limit hits occurred in the opening call auction, in the continuous double auction in the morning, in the continuous double auction in the afternoon and at the closure of the trading days. Nclose,con and Nclose,rev are the numbers of trading days that closed at limit prices and the price continued rising or falling on the successive trading days.

As of September 2023, the manufacturing sector represented the largest share of companies at the Shanghai Stock Exchange, accounting for ***** companies at the bourse. To attract upcoming start-ups, the stock exchange established the STAR 50 Market in 2019. The trading board has lower listing requirements which help young companies gain access to the capital market and thereby facilitate their growth.

Techsalerator's Corporate Actions Dataset in China offers a comprehensive collection of data fields related to corporate actions, providing valuable insights for investors, traders, and financial institutions. This dataset includes crucial information about the various financial instruments of all 2037 companies traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (XSHG).

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Top 5 used data fields in the Corporate Actions Dataset for China:

• Dividend Declaration Date: The date on which a company's board of directors announces the dividend payout to its shareholders. This information is crucial for investors who rely on dividends as a source of income.

• Stock Split Ratio: The ratio by which a company's shares are split to increase liquidity and affordability. This field is essential for understanding changes in share structure.

• Merger Announcement Date: The date on which a company officially announces its intention to merge with another entity. This field is crucial for investors assessing the impact of potential mergers on their investments.

• Rights Issue Record Date: The date on which shareholders must be on the company's books to be eligible for participating in a rights issue. This data helps investors plan their participation in fundraising events.

• Bonus Issue Ex-Date: The date on which a company's shares start trading without the value of the bonus issue. This information is vital for investors to adjust their portfolios accordingly.

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Top 5 corporate actions in China:

Technology Innovation and Investments: Corporate actions related to technology companies, startups, and investments in innovation have been prominent in China, contributing to the country's advancements in sectors like e-commerce, artificial intelligence, and fintech.

Financial Market Reforms: China's financial market reforms, including the opening of its capital markets to foreign investment and the inclusion of Chinese companies in global indexes, have led to significant corporate actions within the financial sector.

Infrastructure Development: Corporate actions involving infrastructure projects, such as high-speed rail, transportation networks, and smart city initiatives, support China's urbanization and connectivity goals.

Renewable Energy and Sustainability: China's efforts to transition to clean energy have led to corporate actions in the renewable energy sector, including investments in solar and wind power projects.

Consumer Market Growth: Corporate actions related to consumer goods, retail, and e-commerce reflect China's expanding middle class and the rise of domestic consumption as a driver of economic growth.

Top 5 financial instruments with corporate action Data in China

Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Domestic Company Index: The main index that tracks the performance of domestic companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. This index would provide insights into the performance of the Chinese stock market.

Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Foreign Company Index: The index that tracks the performance of foreign companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, if foreign listings were present. This index would give an overview of foreign business involvement in China.

ChinaMart: A China-based supermarket chain with operations in multiple regions. ChinaMart focuses on providing essential products to local communities and contributing to the retail sector's growth.

FinServe China: A financial services provider in China with a focus on promoting financial inclusion and access to banking services, particularly among underserved communities.

AgriTech China: A company dedicated to advancing agricultural technology in China, focusing on optimizing crop yields and improving food security to support the country's agricultural sector.

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If you're interested in accessing Techsalerator's End-of-Day Pricing Data for China, please contact info@techsalerator.com with your specific requirements. Techsalerator will provide you with a customized quote based on the number of data fields and records you need. The dataset can be delivered within 24 hours, and ongoing access options can be discussed if needed.

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Data fields included:

Dividend Declaration Date Stock Split Ratio Merger Announcement Date Rights Issue Record Date Bonus Issue Ex-Date Stock Buyback Date Spin-Off Announcement Date Dividend Record Date Merger Effective Date Rights Issue Subscription Price ‍

Q&A:

How much does the Corporate Actions Dataset cost in China?

The cost of the Corporate Actions Dataset may vary depending on factors such as the number of data fields, the frequency of updates, and the total records count. For precise pricing details, it is recommended to directly consult with a Techsalerator Data specialist.

How complete is the Corporate Actions Dataset coverage in China?

Techsalerator provides comprehensive coverage of Corporate Actions Dat...

The most complete Chinese stock market historical price covering 5100 companies from 1990 - 2024 Covering Shenzhen Stock Market (SZ) and Shanghai Stock Market (SS) - 5103 companies - Start date: 1990-12-19 - End date: 2024-05-23

Context:

The provided dataset is extracted from yahoo finance using pandas and yahoo finance library in python. This deals with stock market index of the world best economies. The code generated data from Jan 01, 2003 to Jun 30, 2023 that’s more than 20 years. There are 18 CSV files, dataset is generated for 16 different stock market indices comprising of 7 different countries. Below is the list of countries along with number of indices extracted through yahoo finance library, while two CSV files deals with annualized return and compound annual growth rate (CAGR) has been computed from the extracted data.

Number of Countries & Index:

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F15657145%2F90ce8a986761636e3edbb49464b304d8%2FNumber%20of%20Index.JPG?generation=1688490342207096&alt=media" alt="">

Content:

Unit of analysis: Stock Market Index Analysis

This dataset is useful for research purposes, particularly for conducting comparative analyses involving capital market performance and could be used along with other economic indicators.

There are 18 distinct CSV files associated with this dataset. First 16 CSV files deals with number of indices and last two CSV file deals with annualized return of each year and CAGR of each index. If data in any column is blank, it portrays that index was launch in later years, for instance: Bse500 (India), this index launch in 2007, so earlier values are blank, similarly China_Top300 index launch in year 2021 so early fields are blank too.

The extraction process involves applying different criteria, like in 16 CSV files all columns are included, Adj Close is used to calculate annualized return. The algorithm extracts data based on index name (code given by the yahoo finance) according start and end date.

Annualized return and CAGR has been calculated and illustrated in below image along with machine readable file (CSV) attached to that.

To extract the data provided in the attachment, various criteria were applied:

1. Content Filtering: The data was filtered based on several attributes, including the index name, start and end date. This filtering process ensured that only relevant data meeting the specified criteria.

2. Collaborative Filtering: Another filtering technique used was collaborative filtering using yahoo finance, which relies on index similarity. This approach involves finding indices that are similar to other index or extended dataset scope to other countries or economies. By leveraging this method, the algorithm identifies and extracts data based on similarities between indices.

In the last two CSV files, one belongs to annualized return, that was calculated based on the Adj close column and new DataFrame created to store its outcome. Below is the image of annualized returns of all index (if unreadable, machine-readable or CSV format is attached with the dataset).

Annualized Return:

As far as annualised rate of return is concerned, most of the time India stock market indices leading, followed by USA, Canada and Japan stock market indices.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F15657145%2F37645bd90623ea79f3708a958013c098%2FAnnualized%20Return.JPG?generation=1688525901452892&alt=media" alt="">

Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR):

The best performing index based on compound growth is Sensex (India) that comprises of top 30 companies is 15.60%, followed by Nifty500 (India) that is 11.34% and Nasdaq (USA) all is 10.60%.

The worst performing index is China top300, however this is launch in 2021 (post pandemic), so would not possible to examine at that stage (due to less data availability). Furthermore, UK and Russia indices are also top 5 in the worst order.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F15657145%2F58ae33f60a8800749f802b46ec1e07e7%2FCAGR.JPG?generation=1688490409606631&alt=media" alt="">

Geography: Stock Market Index of the World Top Economies

Time period: Jan 01, 2003 – June 30, 2023

Variables: Stock Market Index Title, Open, High, Low, Close, Adj Close, Volume, Year, Month, Day, Yearly_Return and CAGR

File Type: CSV file

Inspiration:

• Time series prediction model
• Investment opportunities in world best economies
• Comparative Analysis of past data with other stock market indices or other indices

Disclaimer:

This is not a financial advice; due diligence is required in each investment decision.

CN: Options: Shanghai Stock Exchange: 500ETF: Open Interest: Put data was reported at 671.068 Contract th in 02 Dec 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 676.995 Contract th for 01 Dec 2025. CN: Options: Shanghai Stock Exchange: 500ETF: Open Interest: Put data is updated daily, averaging 461.303 Contract th from Sep 2022 (Median) to 02 Dec 2025, with 776 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 873.581 Contract th in 18 Aug 2025 and a record low of 54.416 Contract th in 19 Sep 2022. CN: Options: Shanghai Stock Exchange: 500ETF: Open Interest: Put data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZI: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Options: Open Interest: Daily.

The data for this study consist of the daily opening, highest, lowest and closing prices of 10 industry indices, including the energy industry index (EII), raw material industry index (RMII), industrial sector index (ISI), optional consumer industry index (OCII), major consumer industry index (MCII), medical and health industry index (MHII), financial real estate industry index (FEII), information technology industry index (ITII), telecom business industry index (TBII) and utilities industry index (UII) of the Shanghai stock exchange (SSE). The Shanghai Stock Exchange Industry Index can reflect the overall performance of the stocks of companies in different sectors of the Shanghai stock market and provide a target for the development of indexed investment products, especially ETF. The base period was December 31, 2013 with a base point of 1000, which was started in January 9, 2009. The sample period is January 9, 2009 to June 29, 2018 and includes a total of 2303 groups of daily data. These data sets were extracted from the Wind information database. The rates of returns are calculated from yesterday’s and today’s closing prices in the form of a logarithmic expression. The realized range fluctuation rates are calculated using the range estimation method based on the stochastic volatility model.

Techsalerator offers an extensive dataset of End-of-Day Pricing Data for all 2597 companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (XHKG) in Hong Kong. This dataset includes the closing prices of equities (stocks), bonds, and indices at the end of each trading session. End-of-day prices are vital pieces of market data that are widely used by investors, traders, and financial institutions to monitor the performance and value of these assets over time.

Top 5 used data fields in the End-of-Day Pricing Dataset for Hong Kong:

1. Equity Closing Price :The closing price of individual company stocks at the end of the trading day.This field provides insights into the final price at which market participants were willing to buy or sell shares of a specific company.

2. Bond Closing Price: The closing price of various fixed-income securities, including government bonds, corporate bonds, and municipal bonds. Bond investors use this field to assess the current market value of their bond holdings.

3. Index Closing Price: The closing value of market indices, such as the Botswana stock market index, at the end of the trading day. These indices track the overall market performance and direction.

4. Equity Ticker Symbol: The unique symbol used to identify individual company stocks. Ticker symbols facilitate efficient trading and data retrieval.

5. Date of Closing Price: The specific trading day for which the closing price is provided. This date is essential for historical analysis and trend monitoring.

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Top 5 financial instruments with End-of-Day Pricing Data in Hong Kong:

Hang Seng Index: The main index that tracks the performance of major companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. This index provides an overview of the overall market performance in Hong Kong.

Hang Seng China Enterprises Index (HSCEI): The index that tracks the performance of mainland Chinese companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. This index reflects the performance of Chinese companies with significant operations in Hong Kong.

Company A: A prominent Hong Kong-based company with diversified operations across various sectors, such as finance, real estate, or retail. This company's stock is widely traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

Company B: A leading financial institution in Hong Kong, offering banking, insurance, or investment services. This company's stock is actively traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

Company C: A major player in the Hong Kong property development or other industries, involved in the construction and management of real estate projects. This company's stock is listed and actively traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

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If you're interested in accessing Techsalerator's End-of-Day Pricing Data for Hong Kong, please contact info@techsalerator.com with your specific requirements. Techsalerator will provide you with a customized quote based on the number of data fields and records you need. The dataset can be delivered within 24 hours, and ongoing access options can be discussed if needed.

‍

Data fields included:

Equity Ticker Symbol Equity Closing Price Bond Ticker Symbol Bond Closing Price Index Ticker Symbol Index Closing Price Date of Closing Price Equity Name Equity Volume Equity High Price Equity Low Price Equity Open Price Bond Name Bond Coupon Rate Bond Maturity Index Name Index Change Index Percent Change Exchange Currency Total Market Capitalization Dividend Yield Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E) ‍

Q&A:

1. How much does the End-of-Day Pricing Data cost in Hong Kong ?

The cost of this dataset may vary depending on factors such as the number of data fields, the frequency of updates, and the total records count. For precise pricing details, it is recommended to directly consult with a Techsalerator Data specialist.

1. How complete is the End-of-Day Pricing Data coverage in Hong Kong?

Techsalerator provides comprehensive coverage of End-of-Day Pricing Data for various financial instruments, including equities, bonds, and indices. Thedataset encompasses major companies and securities traded on Hong Kong exchanges.

1. How does Techsalerator collect this data?

Techsalerator collects End-of-Day Pricing Data from reliable sources, including stock exchanges, financial news outlets, and other market data providers. Data is carefully curated to ensure accuracy and reliability.

1. Can I select specific financial instruments or multiple countries with Techsalerator's End-of-Day Pricing Data?

Techsalerator offers the flexibility to select specific financial instruments, such as equities, bonds, or indices, depending on your needs. While the dataset focuses on Botswana, Techsalerator also provides data for other countries and international markets.

1. How do I pay for this dataset?

Techsalerator accepts various payment methods, including credit cards, direct tr...

In January 2023, a total of ** companies from mainland China finished their initial public offering (IPO) in China and abroad. Despite the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, IPO numbers and volumes remained robust in 2020. In that year, the annual number of Chinese IPOs reached *** in 2021, of which *** were listed at stock markets in mainland China and *** in Hong Kong or other overseas destinations.

Stock markets in mainland China

Mainland China has two stock exchanges, the Shanghai stock exchange (SSE) and the Shenzhen stock exchange (SZSE). Both rank among the largest stock exchanges in the world. While more large state-owned enterprises are listed in Shanghai, the stock exchange in Shenzhen is home to many technology driven companies, including Huawei and Tencent. Stocks on the Shanghai exchange are distributed across two boards, the Main Board and the Sci-Tech Innovation Board (Star Market), which was newly established in 2019. The Shenzhen exchange has also two boards, the main board and the Growth Enterprises Board (ChiNext). In 2021, a larger number of IPOs were listed at the newer ChiNext and Star Market, and less at the older SME and Shanghai Main Board.

Chinese IPOs abroad

As domestic Chinese stock markets are still not completely open to foreign investors and regulation on the mainland is less stringent, Chinese companies rely on overseas exchanges to attract international investors. Some of the largest global IPOs were those of Chinese companies going public at foreign stock exchanges. The Hong Kong Exchange and Clearing Market (HKEX) is a preferred place for mainland companies to get an international listing.

In 2025, stock markets in the United States accounted for roughly ** percent of world stocks. The next largest country by stock market share was China, followed by the European Union as a whole. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ are the largest stock exchange operators worldwide. What is a stock exchange? The first modern publicly traded company was the Dutch East Industry Company, which sold shares to the general public to fund expeditions to Asia. Since then, groups of companies have formed exchanges in which brokers and dealers can come together and make transactions in one space. Stock market indices group companies trading on a given exchange, giving an idea of how they evolve in real time. Appeal of stock ownership Over half of adults in the United States are investing money in the stock market. Stocks are an attractive investment because the possible return is higher than offered by other financial instruments.

In December 2023, the ChiNext Price Index of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China had a value of ******** points. The ChiNext Price Index summarizes the performance of the one hundred largest shares traded on the ChiNext Board of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Almost ** percent of companies listed were in the manufacturing industry, followed by the IT sector which represented around ** percent of enterprises. The Chinese NASDAQ The Shenzhen Stock Exchange has three market tiers, the Main Board, the SME-Board, and ChiNext. The Main Board is home to large companies like Ping An Bank, BOE Technology, and Yanjing Beer. The SME-Board was designated for small and medium-sized enterprises that had consolidated their market position and had stable profitability. In contrast to that, The ChiNext Board’s purpose was to provide access to capital for young, innovative companies. That is why ChiNext’s regulations and standards are more lenient than the other markets. For instance, companies do not have to be profitable to be listed and IPO-listings do not require approval by regulators but instead followed a registration-style approval process. In this regard, ChiNext is very similar to the NASDAQ or its Chinese counterpart the Star Market at the stock market in Shanghai. Bringing Chinese Unicorns home Deregulation of the stock market was part of a broader strategy to make domestic capital more attractive to Chinese companies. The primary source of financing for many companies in China is through banks, which are notoriously cautious of young, privately-owned companies. At the same time, China is home to some of the world’s largest and most valuable technology companies. However, many Chinese companies decide to go public in the United States instead of their homeland, like Alibaba Group, Baidu, and JD.com. Hence, the Chinese government has been willing to give up some market control in return for a higher appeal of the domestic capital markets for home-grown start-ups. The Shanghainese equivalent Star Market was rumored to attract the IPOs of tech-unicorns ByteDance, maker of TikTok, and the “most-valuable” start-up DiDi Chuxing. ChiNext, however, had not yet been able to deliver comparable results.