Looking at national tax revenues as a share of the gross domestic product (GDP) in *** countries and territories worldwide, Denmark had the highest revenue as a share of its national GDP, with almost **** of its GDP coming from taxes. In Equatorial Guinea, on the other, on the other hand, only *** percent of the national GDP came from taxes.

The average for 2022 based on 110 countries was 17.45 percent. The highest value was in Norway: 31.34 percent and the lowest value was in the United Arab Emirates: 0.58 percent. The indicator is available from 1972 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2022, tax revenues in Brazil represented 33.3 percent of its GDP. This made it the country with the largest volume of taxes in relation to gross domestic product in Latin America and the Caribbean. In Barbados and Argentina, tax revenue was equal to approximately one third of GDP. Guyana, on the other hand, was the nation with the lowest share of tax to GDP, at only 10.6 percent, almost eleven percentage points below the regional average, 21.5 percent.

Key information about US Tax revenue: % of GDP

• United States Tax revenue: % of GDP was reported at 16.5 % in Dec 2024.
• This records an increase from the previous number of 16.1 % for Dec 2023.
• US Tax revenue: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 18.0 % from Dec 1968 to 2024, with 57 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 19.5 % in 2000 and a record low of 13.7 % in 2009.
• US Tax revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Tax Revenue: % of Nominal GDP: Annual.

CEIC calculates annual Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Tax Revenue and annual Nominal GDP. Tax Revenue is calculated as the sum of Individual Income Taxes, Corporation Income Taxes, Social Insurance Taxes, Excise Tax, Estate and Gift Taxes and Customs Duties. The Bureau of the Fiscal Service provides Tax Revenue in USD. The Bureau of Economic Analysis provides Nominal GDP in USD.

Denmark is the European country with the highest top statutory income tax rate as of 2025, with the Nordic country having a top taxation band of **** percent. Other countries with high taxes on top earners included France, with a top rate of **** percent, Austria, with a top rate of ** percent, and Spain, with a top rate of ** percent. Many countries in Europe have relatively high top income tax rates when compared with other regions globally, as these countries have relatively generous social systems funded by tax incomes. This is particularly the case in Western, Northern, and Central Europe, where the social state is generally stronger. On the other hand, formerly communist countries in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region tend to have lower top income tax rates, with Romania and Bulgaria having the lowest rates in Europe in 2024, with their top income tax brackets both being only ** percent. These countries often have less well-developed social systems, as well as the fact that they must compete to retain their workers against other European countries with higher average wages. In spite of low-income taxes, these countries may take other deductions from employee's wages such as pension and healthcare payments, which may not be included in income taxation as in other European countries.

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Governments around the world rely on tax revenues as a primary means to sustainably finance their operations, including providing infrastructure, public services, and paying for their employees. However, the extent to which countries collect taxes varies significantly, as illustrated by data from the United Nations showing government tax revenues as a share of gross domestic product (GDP).

In many European nations, tax revenues represent over a third of GDP, with countries like France and Denmark reaching levels as high as about half. These figures underscore the significant role of taxation in funding public expenditures in these countries.

Conversely, in most other parts of the world, tax revenues constitute a smaller portion of GDP. In some countries, taxes make up only a few percent of GDP, reflecting lower levels of government intervention in the economy or differing tax structures.

It's essential to recognize that variations in tax revenues are not solely attributable to differences in the capacity to collect taxes. While some variations may indeed reflect disparities in administrative capabilities or enforcement mechanisms, others stem from deliberate policy choices and political preferences regarding the level of taxation.

Moreover, reliance on alternative revenue sources, such as revenues from natural resources or foreign aid, can introduce volatility and uncertainty into a government's fiscal position. Therefore, the ability to effectively collect taxes remains crucial for ensuring stability and predictability in financing government activities.

Taxation also serves broader economic and social objectives beyond revenue generation. For instance, progressive taxation can contribute to reducing income inequality by redistributing wealth and funding social welfare programs. Conversely, lower tax rates may stimulate economic growth by incentivizing investment and consumption.

However, the optimal level and structure of taxation are subjects of ongoing debate and vary depending on economic conditions, societal preferences, and political ideologies. Governments must strike a balance between raising sufficient revenue to finance public expenditures and minimizing distortions and inefficiencies caused by taxation.

Furthermore, tax policies should be designed with consideration for their potential impact on economic behavior, investment decisions, and international competitiveness. International cooperation and coordination are also essential, particularly in addressing issues such as tax evasion, avoidance, and base erosion in an increasingly interconnected global economy.

In conclusion, while countries differ significantly in the extent to which they collect taxes, taxation remains a fundamental tool for financing government activities and achieving broader economic and social objectives. Effective tax policies must strike a balance between revenue generation, economic efficiency, equity, and international competitiveness to ensure sustainable fiscal outcomes and support inclusive growth and development.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Receipts as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYFRGDA188S) from 1929 to 2024 about receipts, federal, GDP, and USA.

This horizontal bar chart displays tax revenue (% of GDP) by country using the aggregation average, weighted by gdp. The data is about countries.

In 2022, tax revenues accounted for 29.6 percent of Argentina's gross domestic product, a slight increase from 29.1 percent a year earlier. The country has one of the highest tax revenues as share of GDP in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The Tax Foundation’s publication Corporate Tax Rates around the World shows how statutory corporate income tax rates have developed since 1980, with data for over 200 jurisdictions for the year 2023. The dataset we compiled for the years 1980 to 2023 is made available as a resource for research.

Scope

The dataset compiled for this publication includes the 2023 statutory corporate income tax rates of 225 sovereign states and dependent territories around the world. Tax rates were researched only for jurisdictions that are among the around 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (The jurisdictions Netherland Antilles (which was split into different jurisdictions in 2010) and Kosovo (which has not yet officially been assigned a country code) were added to the dataset.) As a result, zones or territories that are independent taxing jurisdictions but do not have their own country code are generally not included in the dataset.

In addition, the dataset includes historic statutory corporate income tax rates for the time period 1980 to 2022. However, these years cover tax rates of fewer than 225 jurisdictions due to missing data points. Please let Tax Foundation know if you are aware of any sources for historic corporate tax rates that are not mentioned in this report, as we constantly strive to improve our datasets.

To be able to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates weighted by GDP, the dataset includes GDP data for 181 jurisdictions. When used to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates, either weighted by GDP or unweighted, only these 181 jurisdictions are included (to ensure the comparability of the unweighted and weighted averages).

Definition of Selected Corporate Income Tax Rate

The dataset captures standard top statutory corporate income tax rates levied on domestic businesses. This means:

The dataset does not reflect special tax regimes, including but not limited to patent boxes, offshore regimes, or special rates for specific industries. A number of countries levy lower rates for businesses below a certain revenue threshold. The dataset does not capture these lower rates. A few countries levy gross revenue taxes on businesses instead of corporate income taxes. Since the tax rates of a corporate income tax and a gross revenue tax are not comparable, these countries are excluded from the dataset. Some countries have a separate tax rate for nonresident companies. This dataset does not consider nonresident tax rates that differ from the general corporate rate.

Explanation of Files

source-data

• country_codes.csv Dataset that includes all 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Includes official country names in various languages, ISO country codes, continents, and further geographical information.

• data_rates_1980_2022.csv Tax Foundation's dataset of statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2022. This dataset has been built in stages since 2015.

• RealGDPValues.xlsx U.S. Department of Agriculture's dataset of historical and projected real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and growth rates of GDP for 181 countries and various regions (in billions of 2015 dollars) for the years 1970 to 2032.

intermediate-ouptuts

• gdp_iso.csv GDP data paired with ISO country codes for the years 1980 to 2023.

• rates_final.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of all countries for which data was available in 2023 (data from OECD, KPMG, and researched individually).

• rates_preliminary.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of countries for - which OECD data was available for the year 2023. Does not include countries for which the rate was researched and added individually.

final-data

• final_data_2023.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Only includes countries for which both the corporate income tax rates and GDP data were available.

• final_data_2023_gdp_incomplete.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Includes all countries for which we have data for the corporate income tax rate, including countries for which we do not have GDP data.

• final_data_long.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of all countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes all countries that have an ISO countr...

Between 2010 and 2024, France constantly had the highest total government revenue of the G7 countries in terms of share of gross domestic product (GDP). In 2024, its total income amounted to an estimated ** percent of its GDP. It was also the G7 country with the highest government spending over the same period. On the other hand, the United States had the lowest government income that year at ** percent of its GDP.

The tax ratio as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP) in Sweden was at its highest in 2016 and 2017, reaching over 44 percent these years. In 2022, it was at 41.8 percent. Moreover, the GDP in the country increased since 2010, despite a decrease in 2020 after the outbreak of COVID-19.

Increase in government revenues

The increase of the GDP generated a constant central government revenue in Sweden. In 2021, the revenue of the Government of Sweden reached nearly 1.2 trillion Swedish kronor.

 Source of income

The largest source of the central government’s income came from tax from direct labor. This amounted to nearly 690 billion Swedish kronor in 2021. Tax from consumption and income generated the second highest income for the Swedish central government at above 650 billion Swedish kronor.

Israel Tax Rate: Maximum Personal Income data was reported at 50.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 50.000 % for 2015. Israel Tax Rate: Maximum Personal Income data is updated yearly, averaging 50.000 % from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2016, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 60.000 % in 1986 and a record low of 45.000 % in 2011. Israel Tax Rate: Maximum Personal Income data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Israel. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.F004: Tax Rates.

Description

This comprehensive dataset provides a wealth of information about all countries worldwide, covering a wide range of indicators and attributes. It encompasses demographic statistics, economic indicators, environmental factors, healthcare metrics, education statistics, and much more. With every country represented, this dataset offers a complete global perspective on various aspects of nations, enabling in-depth analyses and cross-country comparisons.

Key Features

• Country: Name of the country.
• Density (P/Km2): Population density measured in persons per square kilometer.
• Abbreviation: Abbreviation or code representing the country.
• Agricultural Land (%): Percentage of land area used for agricultural purposes.
• Land Area (Km2): Total land area of the country in square kilometers.
• Armed Forces Size: Size of the armed forces in the country.
• Birth Rate: Number of births per 1,000 population per year.
• Calling Code: International calling code for the country.
• Capital/Major City: Name of the capital or major city.
• CO2 Emissions: Carbon dioxide emissions in tons.
• CPI: Consumer Price Index, a measure of inflation and purchasing power.
• CPI Change (%): Percentage change in the Consumer Price Index compared to the previous year.
• Currency_Code: Currency code used in the country.
• Fertility Rate: Average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime.
• Forested Area (%): Percentage of land area covered by forests.
• Gasoline_Price: Price of gasoline per liter in local currency.
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product, the total value of goods and services produced in the country.
• Gross Primary Education Enrollment (%): Gross enrollment ratio for primary education.
• Gross Tertiary Education Enrollment (%): Gross enrollment ratio for tertiary education.
• Infant Mortality: Number of deaths per 1,000 live births before reaching one year of age.
• Largest City: Name of the country's largest city.
• Life Expectancy: Average number of years a newborn is expected to live.
• Maternal Mortality Ratio: Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
• Minimum Wage: Minimum wage level in local currency.
• Official Language: Official language(s) spoken in the country.
• Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (%): Percentage of total health expenditure paid out-of-pocket by individuals.
• Physicians per Thousand: Number of physicians per thousand people.
• Population: Total population of the country.
• Population: Labor Force Participation (%): Percentage of the population that is part of the labor force.
• Tax Revenue (%): Tax revenue as a percentage of GDP.
• Total Tax Rate: Overall tax burden as a percentage of commercial profits.
• Unemployment Rate: Percentage of the labor force that is unemployed.
• Urban Population: Percentage of the population living in urban areas.
• Latitude: Latitude coordinate of the country's location.
• Longitude: Longitude coordinate of the country's location.

Potential Use Cases

• Analyze population density and land area to study spatial distribution patterns.
• Investigate the relationship between agricultural land and food security.
• Examine carbon dioxide emissions and their impact on climate change.
• Explore correlations between economic indicators such as GDP and various socio-economic factors.
• Investigate educational enrollment rates and their implications for human capital development.
• Analyze healthcare metrics such as infant mortality and life expectancy to assess overall well-being.
• Study labor market dynamics through indicators such as labor force participation and unemployment rates.
• Investigate the role of taxation and its impact on economic development.
• Explore urbanization trends and their social and environmental consequences.

The dataset, named "Tax Complexity and Economic Development Dataset," explores the relationship between tax complexity and the economic development of nations. The data covers the years 2016 to 2022 and comprises the following columns:

Country: Name of the country. Year: Year of the data. Tax Complexity Index: Index measuring the overall complexity of a country's tax system. Tax Complexity Index Rank: Rank of the country based on the Tax Complexity Index. Tax Code Complexity: Complexity inherent in different regulations of the tax code. Tax Code Complexity Rank: Rank of the country based on Tax Code Complexity. Tax Framework Complexity: Complexity arising from features and processes of a tax system. Tax Framework Complexity Rank: Rank of the country based on Tax Framework Complexity. Additional Taxes Complexity: Complexity of taxes levied on multinational corporations (MNCs) in addition to corporate income taxes. Additional Taxes Rank: Rank of the country based on Additional Taxes Complexity. (Alternative) Minimum Tax Complexity: Separate income tax regulations to ensure that an MNC pays at least a minimum amount of taxes. (Alternative) Minimum Tax Rank: Rank of the country based on (Alternative) Minimum Tax Complexity. Capital Gains Complexity: Complexity related to capital gains realized by an MNC on the disposal of non-inventory assets. Capital Gains Rank: Rank of the country based on Capital Gains Complexity. CFC-Rules Complexity: Regulations to combat profit shifting to companies in low- or no-tax jurisdictions controlled by an MNC. CFC-Rules Rank: Rank of the country based on CFC-Rules Complexity. Corporate Reorganization Complexity: Complexity related to the change in the structure or ownership of an MNC through reorganization. Corporate Reorganization Rank: Rank of the country based on Corporate Reorganization Complexity. Depreciation Complexity: Deductions for allocating the costs of assets over their useful lives. Depreciation Rank: Rank of the country based on Depreciation Complexity. Dividends Complexity: Complexity of cash dividends received or paid by an MNC. Dividends Rank: Rank of the country based on Dividends Complexity. General Anti-Avoidance Complexity: Broad regulations denying the benefit of a transaction designed to avoid taxes. General Anti-Avoidance Rank: Rank of the country based on General Anti-Avoidance Complexity. Group Treatment Complexity: Regime allowing the grouping of profits and losses of associated companies. Group Treatment Rank: Rank of the country based on Group Treatment Complexity. Interest Complexity: Complexity of interest payments received or paid by an MNC. Interest Rank: Rank of the country based on Interest Complexity. Investment Incentives Complexity: Measures designed to encourage investment and promote innovation. Investment Incentives Rank: Rank of the country based on Investment Incentives Complexity. Loss Offset Complexity: Form of relief for ordinary losses incurred. Loss Offset Rank: Rank of the country based on Loss Offset Complexity. Royalties Complexity: Complexity of payments for the use of intellectual property. Royalties Rank: Rank of the country based on Royalties Complexity. Statutory Tax Rate Complexity: Complexity of the tax rate that applies to MNCs' determined taxable income. Statutory Tax Rate Rank: Rank of the country based on Statutory Tax Rate Complexity. Transfer Pricing Complexity: Regulations to prevent prices from being charged to a subsidiary to excessively reduce taxable income. Transfer Pricing Rank: Rank of the country based on Transfer Pricing Complexity. Guidance Complexity: Guidance provided by the tax authority or other laws to resolve uncertain tax issues. Guidance Rank: Rank of the country based on Guidance Complexity. Enactment Complexity: Complexity of the formal process of how a tax proposal becomes law. Enactment Rank: Rank of the country based on Enactment Complexity. Payment & Filing Complexity: Process of preparing and filing a tax return as well as paying taxes. Payment & Filing Rank: Rank of the country based on Payment & Filing Complexity. Audits Complexity: Complexity of the examination and verification of a tax return carried out by the tax authority. Audits Rank: Rank of the country based on Audits Complexity. Appeals Complexity: Complexity of the process of challenging a tax assessment. Appeals Rank: Rank of the country based on Appeals Complexity. Country Code: Code representing the country. Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes): Percentage of total taxes levied on income, profits, and capital gains. GDP growth (annual %): Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market price...

Key information about Sri Lanka Tax revenue: % of GDP

• Sri Lanka Tax revenue: % of GDP was reported at 15.8 % in Jun 2025.
• This records an increase from the previous number of 11.9 % for Mar 2025.
• Sri Lanka Tax revenue: % of GDP data is updated quarterly, averaging 11.9 % from Mar 2014 to Jun 2025, with 46 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 15.8 % in Jun 2025 and a record low of 6.7 % in Mar 2022.
• Sri Lanka Tax revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Tax Revenue: % of Nominal GDP: Quarterly.

CEIC calculates quarterly Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Tax Revenue and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Ministry of Finance provides Tax Revenue in local currency. The Department of Census and Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency. Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP prior to Q1 2015 is calculated from Nominal GDP based on old methodology.

In 2023, Slovenia achieved the highest tax revenues as a percentage of GDP among Central and Eastern European countries. Slovakia and Poland followed.

This article aims to map the political economy of top personal income tax rate setting. A much-discussed driving factor of top rate setting is the corporate tax rate: governments may prefer to limit the differential between both rates in order to prevent tax-friendly saving of labour incomes inside corporations. Recent studies have highlighted several other driving factors, including budgetary pressure, partisan politics and societal fairness norms. I compare these and other potential determinants in the long run (1981–2018) by studying tax reforms of 226 cabinets in 19 advanced OECD countries using regression models. I find little evidence for the effects of economic, political and institutional factors; instead, the main determinant of the top rate is the corporate tax rate. As corporate tax rates are still declining under competitive pressure, the recently set minimum rate of 15% will not stop tax competition from constraining progressive income taxation.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzed the impact of taxation on the investment in Brazil, focusing on the taxation of corporate income. Following the literature, it was used an economic model to calculate two indicators of effective tax rates - Effective Marginal Tax Rate (EMTR) and Effective Average Tax Rate (EATR). The EMTR measures the increase of the cost of capital due to corporate income tax. The EATR represents a measure of the average tax rate levied on an investment that has a pre-defined economic profit. The results suggest Brazil may face some difficulties to attract foreign investment. The country presents high rates for EATR and EMTR, higher than the average of the rich countries and well above the figures of development countries like Chile, Mexico, South Africa, Russia and China, potential competitors in attracting investments.

Key information about UK Tax revenue: % of GDP

• United Kingdom Tax revenue: % of GDP was reported at 28.6 % in Sep 2025.
• This records an increase from the previous number of 26.4 % for Jun 2025.
• UK Tax revenue: % of GDP data is updated quarterly, averaging 23.6 % from Mar 1955 to Sep 2025, with 283 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 44.2 % in Mar 1955 and a record low of 19.9 % in Jun 1960.
• UK Tax revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Tax Revenue: % of Nominal GDP: Quarterly.

CEIC calculates quarterly Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Tax Revenue and quarterly Nominal GDP. Tax Revenue is calculated as the sum of Taxes on Income and Wealth, Taxes on Production, Other Current Taxes and Taxes on Capital. Office for National Statistics provides Tax Revenue in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency.