This study is part of a quadrennial series designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces internationally and is comprised of two parts, the July 2008 and the September 2008 surveys. In particular, the July 2008 survey covers United States foreign policy, globalization, trade and immigration, the rise of China, and the United States-Japan relationship. Regarding United States foreign policy, respondents were asked to give their views on whether the United States should take an active part in world affairs, threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, treaties and agreements, the United Nations and the United Nations Security Council, conflict between Christians and Muslims, and combating terrorism. Additional questions included whether respondents favored the United States having military bases in other countries, their opinions about justifications for the use of United States troops abroad, the Iraq War, nuclear weapons and nuclear fuel, and participants' views on several countries and world organizations. Regarding globalization, trade, and immigration, respondents gave their opinions on whether globalization is good or bad for the United States, lowering trade barriers, the trade practices of various countries, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), economic competitiveness of the United States economy, and the future of United States power and the next generation of Americans. In addition, on the topic of globalization and immigration, queries included the importance of Asia and Europe, the pace of globalization, fairness of income distribution, foreign investments in American companies, the level of legal immigration into the United States and whether or not immigration is good. Concerning the rise of China, respondents were asked to compare the size and potential of the United States and China economies and their implications, loans between the countries, how to deal with China's increase in power, and whether China or Japan is more important to the United States. On the subject of the United States-Japan relationship, participants gave their opinions regarding the amending of Japan's constitution to allow for a wider range of military activities, Japan's development of nuclear weapons, and what factors contribute to Japan's global influence. Part 2, the September 2008 survey, commissioned to gauge whether any substantial changes in attitudes occurred due to the financial crisis, repeated a subset of questions from the July 2008 survey and focused on respondents' attitudes toward trade and globalization. Demographic and other background information includes age, race, gender, marital status, religious affiliation, political party affiliation, employment status, education, household composition, type of housing, state of residence, and access to the Internet.

Since 1996, the Center for Military History and Social Sciences of the Bundeswehr (ZMSBw) has conducted a representative survey of the German population on defense and security policy issues on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Defense. In 2017, this study was continued. For this purpose, N = 2.508 persons were interviewed on various issues from May 31, 2017 to July 02, 2017. The present survey focused in particular on population’s threat perception and sense of security, personal attitudes toward the Federal Armed Forces, the perception of the Federal Armed Forces as an attractive employer, the population´s knowledge of the tasks of the Federal Armed Forces, their number of personnel, and awareness of the Federal Armed Forces´ missions abroad.
1. Security and threat perception: assessment of the current security situation worldwide and in the Federal Republic of Germany as well as personal sense of security (split); sense of threat from: Job loss or difficulty in finding a job, insufficient financial security in old age, worldwide climate change due to global warming, major natural disasters, war in Europe, terrorist attacks in Germany, worldwide spread of a dangerous disease or epidemic, xenophobia in Germany, religious fundamentalism in Germany, immigration to Germany, rising prices, crime in one´s personal environment, malfunction in a nuclear power plant, tensions between the West and Russia, conflict in Iraq and Syria, Internet attack on infrastructure in Germany, disintegration of the EU, spread of fake news).

1. Security policy attitudes: increase vs. decrease in Germany´s responsibility at the international level; preference for an active vs. passive German international policy; agreement with various instruments of German foreign and security policy (development aid, acceptance of refugees, diplomatic negotiations, economic sanctions, military cooperation, arms deliveries to friendly states, combat missions of the Federal Armed Forces, stabilization missions of the Federal Armed Forces, training missions of the Federal Armed Forces, police missions); agreement with various statements on foreign and security policy (war necessary under certain conditions, in international crises economic power is more important than military power, Germany should play a more active role in world politics, German interests are best safeguarded by not interfering in the affairs of other states, in an international crisis Germany and its allies should agree on a common stance, Germany should primarily take care of its own security, in foreign policy matters Germany should act in concert with the U.S., Germany should be more assertive in representing its interests to the U.S., the German government should be able to act alone in military matters without the involvement of the Bundestag, soldiers of the Federal Armed Forces should only be sent on missions with the approval of the Bundestag, Germany should engage in security and defense policy primarily together with the states of the EU, the EU should act as an independent defense and security policy actor, Germany should engage in NATO as a priority in terms of security and defense policy, Germany must continue to belong to NATO to ensure its security, EU should have a common security and defense policy/ a common European army, EU citizens should be allowed to serve as soldiers in the Federal Armed Forces in the same way as German citizens); attitudes toward NATO, alliance defense, and Russia (concerns about a new ´Cold War´ between Russia and the West, Germany should limit its economic relations with Russia, Germany should be more understanding of Russia´s position, Russia´s military action in Ukraine or in Syria threatens Germany´s security, NATO should increase its military presence in Eastern Europe, Germany should provide military support to the Baltic states); attitudes toward NATO, alliance defense, and the U.S. (U.S. a reliable partner for Germany, Germany should limit its economic relations with the U.S., Germany should have more understanding of the U.S. position, U.S. stands behind its commitments to other NATO countries, U.S. military action in Syria threatens Germany´s security, U.S. foreign and security policy threatens NATO cohesion, U.S. should remain involved in the defense of Europe).

2. Attitude toward the Federal Armed Forces: associations with the Federal Armed Forces (open); personal attitude toward the Federal Armed Forces; importance of the Federal Armed Forces for Germany; reputation of the Federal Armed Forces by the respondent; reputation of the Federal Armed Forces by most other people in Germany; degree of recognition by the respondent and in our country for the service of servicemen and women; evaluation of the Federal Armed Forces with regard to: Its performance at home and abroad, equipment and armament, integration of the Federal Armed Forces into society, public appearance, and the training of soldiers; institutional trust...

Attitudes to questions on international policy. Questions on security policy.

Topics: Attitude to selected European countries, to the USA, the USSR as well as to the unification of Europe; judgement on the attitude of selected countries to the independence efforts of other countries; assessment of the danger of war; judgement on the peace efforts of the USSR and the USA; country responsible for the strained relations between the USA and the USSR; desired East-West-orientation of one´s own country; judgement on the Four-Power-Conference in Geneva; desired behavior of one´s own country in case of an attack on a partner country; confidence in the NATO partners; attitude to a demilitarized zone in Europe; preferred way to increase the security of one´s own country; attitude to NATO and judgement on membership of one´s country as well as judgement on the contribution in troops and finances; attitude to the abolition of NATO; attitude to the admission of China into the United Nations.

The following questions were not asked in all countries: judgement on the behavior of foreign powers in the Near-East-Conflict (not in Norway); attitude to Western arms deliveries to Israel (FRG and Great Britain only); judgement on Soviet as well as American customs in the treatment of foreign visitors in the country (not in France).

In France the following questions were additionally asked: attitude to the Saar referendum and judgement on foreign affairs implications; attitude to the stationing of foreign troops in one´s own country; judgement on the relation of the population with American troops.

In Great Britain the following question was additionally asked: most important problems in the country.

In Norway the following questions were additionally asked: interest in foreign policy; attitude to atomic energy; judgement on selected foreign broadcasting stations; judgement on cultural development in selected countries.

Abstract

The objective of the Population and housing census 2000 is to provide comprehensive and basic statistical data required to study changes in economic, social and demographic status of Mongolia for the last 11 years and its reasons and determinants, to plan economic and social development of the first years of next century and formulate state policies to implement such planned measures and make researches and analysis. As well as, it would be collected compiled new data required to assess a process of first stage of implementation and elaborate for the “Population Development Policy of Mongolia”, which approved by the parliament.

The advantage of census conducting is to be provided comprehensive information for summarizing and evaluating states of population growth, migration, settlement, education, employment, housing condition and behavior of the population groups processed and disaggregated by all administrative units compared with other population data sources. Moreover, census is significant to provide accurate data to international partners at the present time, which Mongolian foreign relations have expanding and collaboration with international organization has becoming more close. The census would be crucial for revision of accuracy and reality of annual population statistics.

Geographic coverage

All aimags, soums, districts, bags, horoos and capital city.

Analysis unit

• Households
• Houses
• Member of households

Universe

a.Population census

The census shall be covered the persons as followed:

• Citizens of Mongolia who are in the country at the time of census;
• Foreigners and persons without citizenship who are living in Mongolia for more than 183 days and foreigners persons without citizenship who are taking permission to stay for over 6 months from the authorized organizations;
• Citizens of Mongolia and their families who worked at the diplomatic representative offices, consulates and in the international organizations in foreign countries at the time of census;
• Citizens of Mongolia who are temporarily absent from Mongolia due to work, study and stay in overseas by personal reasons during the census period;

b.Housing census

The following types of living quarters shall be covered in the housing census: - House - Apartment - Students dormitory - Public dormitory - Other public apartment - Non-living quarters - All types of gers

Another important concept for the measurement of coverage related to the timing of the census. While the enumeration covered the seven-day period from 5-11 January 2000, it is important for the interpretation of the data that the census results relate to a more precise point in time. The night of 4th January 2000 was designated as census night. Generally, this concept of a fixed census night did not cause problems for respondents or enumerators. However, in the few cases where location on census night did introduce difficulty, where, for example, the respondent traveled during census night, the more precise time reference of midnight on census night was introduced.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

None sampled.

Sampling deviation

None reported

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The design of the population and housing questionnaire is fundamental to the census. A housing census was also conducted in which questions were posed that covered conventional and traditional housing (gers) and household characteristics. While most of the questions asked about conventional housing followed international recommendations, the questions about gers clearly reflected the uniqueness of the Mongolian culture. Population and housing census 2000 questionnaire included: 1 Social and demographic characteristics - Name - Relation to household head - Date of birth - Age - Sex - Marital status - Citizenship - Ethnicity 2 Geographical and migration characteristics - Residential status - Duration of residence - Place of birth - Place of residence five years ago 3 Educational characteristics - Educational level - Literacy - School attendance 4 Economic characteristics - Activity status - Occupation - Industry - Employment status - Unemployment

Questionnaire and Population and Housing Census 2000_ Enumerator_Manual are provided as external resources.

Cleaning operations

During the early planning stages it was clear that the existing hardware and peripherals in NSO were not sufficient to enable it to process a modern census. However, with the financial assistance of UNFPA, under the MON/97/P10 project, “Strengthening the Capacity of the National Statistical Office in Data Processing, Analysis and Dissemination”, and the MON/97/P04 project, “Strengthening the Population and Reproductive Health Database for Mongolia”, NSO was provided with new equipment, components and software. It was thus able to establish the basis for strengthening the technical capacity required for the 2000 census. The NSO purchased a range of equipment including 38 Compaq computers, two ACER server computers and other equipment.

On the software side, the NSO decided to process the census using IMPS (Integrated Microcomputer Processing System). Apart from the use of IMPS, the NSO developed other census applications, for example, using the CLIPPER and VISUAL BASIC languages. A special application to speed coding named SEARCH was also developed. Data entry was designed for LAN using a Windows NT Server V4.0 as the control center. The system facilitated data processing, restricting archiving and control functions to the server. Daily progress reports were also provided as part of the Data Control System. Editing was completed in two stages. In the first stage records were edited manually and in the second they were automatically edited using the editing module of the IMPS package, Concor. The BPCS staff monitored editing work. All editing was completed by 15 October 2000.

Response rate

None reported

Sampling error estimates

None reported

Data appraisal

None reported

This dataset covers ballots 901-12, spanning January-December 1989. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 901-1 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political, fiscal, and relationship issues. Topics of interest include: the Caribbean islands of Turks and Caicos joining Canada; the rights of English speaking vs French speaking Quebecers; the Meech Lake Accord and its effects; Quebec's inclusion in the constitution as a distinct society; whether the standards for social programs should be decided nationally or provincially; provision of childcare for working mothers; subsidizing pre-schools; language on signs; level of respect for and confidence in various institutions; opinions on the importance of self-expression, money, sexual freedom, traditional family ties, respect for authority, working hard, marijuana usage; the free trade agreement with the U.S.; voting choices, opinions on Brian Mulroney, John Turner, or Ed Broadbent as PM; past voting behavior; family savings; community business conditions; leisure purchases; knowledge of federal plans to change to tax system; opinions on the current tax system; government spending and the deficit; marital status; contentment in your current relationship; romantic habits; and importance of sex to the relationship. Basic demographic variables are also included. 901-r - January -February (Alberta Regional Survey) This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Albertans on predominantly political issues. Topics of interest include: the Senate; the new federal sales tax; which tax should be increased; party preferences in an Albertan election; opinion on the Progressive Conservative government in Edmonton; opinion on Don Getty, Ray Martin, and Lawrence Decore; past voting behavior; Ralph Klein; the Albertan government's handling of native land claims; and the federal vs provincial government. Basic demographic variables are also included. 902-2 - February This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social and political issues. The questions ask opinions on abortion, Canada's views on immigration and refugees, types and incidences of discrimination , who would make the best Prime Minister, and various social assistance/program questions. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as subsidized day-care, if Elvis Presley is still alive, whether or not the respondents team will win the Stanley Cup, and consumer purchasing. The respondents were also asked questions about their opinion of the Governor General and their local police. Questions were also asked so that respondents could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: abortion; discrimination; economic indicators; effects of government; election; Elvis Presley; family planning; government vs. private enterprise; Governor General; Immigration; local police; political leadership; social programs; Stanley Cup; and Unemployment Insurance. Basic demographic variables are also included. 903-1 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social and political issues. The questions ask opinions on South African relations, Canada's views on cruise missile testing in the north, health care service satisfaction, the Senate, and various questions relating to union activity. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as sunday shopping, whether or not a University Professor from Ontario should be fired for statements about genetic superiority of asians, the most important threat facing Canada, and questions related to acid rain. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: acid rain; threats to Canada; union activities; health care; cruise missile testing; South Africa relations; Canadian Senate; satisfaction with auto insurance and other service rates; Sunday shopping; and work/production. Basic demographic variables are also included. 904-1 - April This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly economic, social, and political issues. The questions ask opinions on business conditions in Canada, views on relations with the Palestine Liberation Organization, poverty and hunger, political leadership, Ben Johnson, and various questions relating to privatization of industries. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as Salman Rushdie's Satanic Verses, whether or not a national passenger train should be built, airport and airplane safety, and questions related to trust in companies. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: economy; airport safety; privatization of industries; hunger; foreign affairs; athletes and banned drugs; political leadership; satisfaction with cost of goods; trust in companies; military service; and Salman Rushdie's Satanic Verses. Basic demographic variables are also included. 905-3 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly economic, social, and political issues. The questions ask opinions on business conditions in Canada, views on relations with the Palestine Liberation Organization, poverty and hunger political leadership, Ben Johnson, and various questions relating to privatization of industries. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as Salman Rushdie's Satanic Verses, whether or not a national passenger train should be built, airport and airplane safety, and questions related to trust in companies. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: economy; airport safety; privatization of industries; hunger; foreign affairs; athletes and banned drugs; political leadership; satisfaction with cost of goods; trust in companies; military service; and Salman Rushdie's Satanic Verses. Basic demographic variables are also included. 906-1 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social, and political issues. The questions ask opinions on the Meech Lake Accord, whether or not certain professions are overpaid or underpaid, who would best deal with Canada - Quebec problems, political leadership, decriminalization of marijuana, and locating Canadian cities on a map. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as the Federal Finance Minister, incidences of objectionable sexual content on TV, in movies, and in magazines, eutheanasia, and questions related to political party preference. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: pollution; Meech Lake Accord; professional salaries; Canada and Quebec problems; eutheanasia; decriminalization of marijuana; political leadership; politics; objectionable sexual content; Canadian city locations; and Canadian provinces. Basic demographic variables are also included. 907-1 - July This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political, and social issues. The questions ask opinions on the Meech Lake Accord, the environment, acid rain, Quebec separation, political leadership, illegal drug use in Canada, and national, and subsidized day care. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as qualities that are important for a Prime Minister, likelihood of a recession, the threat of nuclear war, United States's influence on the Canadian way of life, and questions related to political party preference. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Future prospects for children of today; Meech Lake Accord; acid rain; Canada and Quebec; Quebec separation; illegal drug use; political leadership; political party preference; abortion; Canadian economy; and concern over the threat of nuclear war. Basic demographic variables are also included. 907-2 - July This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly historical and social issues. The questions ask opinions on feelings about people of other nationalities, knowledge of World War Two, family history in the war, incidences of death or injury in the war, the possibility of World War Three, causes of World War Two, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and willingness to fight for Canada. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Feelings about people's nationality; NATO; World War Two; willingness to fight for Canada; knowledge of World War Two; and the possibility of World War Three. Basic demographic variables are also included. 908-2 - August This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions on abortion, taxes, smoking habits, government spending, immigration policy, and work week preferences. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as church attendance, preferred measurement for temperature, federal government spending on poorer regions of Canada, province where the respondent spent most of their childhood, and questions related to political party preference. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Abortion; government taxes; smoking habits; church attendance; government spending; immigration policy; preferred measurement for temperature; political party preference; and province of childhood. Basic demographic variables are also included. 909-1 - September This Gallup

Opinions across Europe and the United States on various topics pertaining to foreign policy and international relations. The primary topics included: the state of relations between the European Union (EU) and the United States, the George W. Bush Administration´s handling of global affairs,) the functioning of the European Union (EU), the relevance of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), general opinions on various countries, institutions, and population groups, perception of potential international threats, China as an emerging power, Iran and its pursuit of nuclear weapons, civil liberties and national security, the compatibility of Islam and democracy, and the role of the EU and the United States in establishing democracy.

Topics: Respondents were asked about relations between the United States and Europe including whether it was desirable for the EU to exert strong leadership in the world, whether they were in favor of the United States exerting strong leadership in the world, whether relations between the United States and Europe had improved or gotten worse, and how relations between the United States and Europe regarding security and diplomatic affairs should evolve in the future. Respondents also were asked whether they approved or disapproved of the way George W. Bush was handling international policies. There were several questions that related to the functioning of the EU, such as whether the EU should have its own foreign minister, whether military or economic power is more important when dealing with international problems, whether the EU should seek to strengthen its military power, what effect Turkey´s membership would have on the EU, and how further enlargement would change the EU´s role in world affairs and its ability to promote peace and democracy. Respondents were questioned about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and whether they believed NATO was still essential to their country´s national security. Respondents were asked to give their opinions on the following countries, institutions, and population groups using a scale of 0 (very cold, unfavorable feeling) to 100 (very warm, favorable feeling): the United States, Russia, Israel, the European Union, Palestinians, Italy, Turkey, China, Iran, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Spain. Respondents were also asked about potential threats facing Europe and the United States such as international terrorism, the inflow of immigrants and refugees, Iran acquiring nuclear weapons, the spread of diseases like avian flu, a major economic downturn, global warming, the growing economic and military power of China, instability in Iraq, and Islamic fundamentalism. Respondents were then asked if they perceived these threats to be important in the next ten years. With respect to Iran, respondents were asked whether action should be taken to prevent it from obtaining nuclear weapons, what would be the best and worst options for preventing Iran from obtaining them, whether military action should be taken if diplomacy could not prevent Iran from obtaining them, and which country or organization was best suited for handling the issue of Iranian nuclear weapons. The survey contained a series of questions relating to national security and civil liberties. Opinions were sought on whether respondents would support the government taking actions such as monitoring phone calls, Internet communication, and banking transactions made by citizens, all in the name of preventing terrorism. Questions were also asked about Islam and democracy including whether the values of the two institutions were compatible or not, and if there were problems, whether they existed in Islam as a whole or just in certain Islamic groups. In addition, respondents were asked if the EU and the United States should help establish democracy in other countries, whether this help should be dependent on whether or not the countries would be more likely to oppose the EU and/or the United States, and whether the EU and United States should monitor elections in new democracies, support independent groups and political dissidents, impose political and/or economic sanctions, or intervene militarily in order to establish democracy. Finally, respondents were asked about their voting intentions for the next elections and what factors they took into consideration when deciding for which party to vote.

demography: gender, age, level of education, occupation, household size, region, and ethnicity.

This dataset covers ballots 363-71 spanning January, March, May-July, September-December 1974. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 363 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as the James Bay Indian conflict; the Canadian fuel policy and the accessibility of abortions. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the accessibility of abortions; allowing police to use wiretaps; allowing private contributions to political campaigns; approval of the Canadian fuel policy; broadcasting ads aimed at children; whether or not Canada is heading towards a depression; the amount of confidence there is in multinational oil companies; the distribution of seats in the Federal House of Commons; expropriating Indian lands; governmental set up of land banks; the James Bay Indian conflict; Liberals complying with NDP; limiting foreign investments; police protection of scabs and the problems facing the various provinces. Basic demographic variables are also included. 364 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The poll asks opinions about political issues such as the upcoming election, the effect of government and which political leader will make the best Prime Minister. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as questions about smoking, seatbelts and how strict schools are. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing euthanasia for the terminally ill; approval of Lewis as leader of the NDP; approval of Stanfield as leader of the opposition; approval of Trudeau as Prime Minister; biggest concern due to the rising prices; country most interested in visiting; whether or not the courts are treating criminals too harshly; the effects of American influence; possible fine for not wearing a seatbelt; giving workers the right to strike; the government's effect on life; the ideal number of children to have; the increasing amounts of political corruptness; which political leader will make the best Prime Minister; the main cause of energy problems in Canada; the most important problem facing Canada; opinions of the teaching profession; quality of US-Canada relations; rising prices; smoking in the past week; strictness of schools; the use of seatbelts; the use of alcohol; and what makes a good Prime Minister. Basic demographic variables are also included. 365 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on political and social issues. Opinions on topics such as inflation, oil and gas prices and whether or not UFOs exist are touched on in this poll. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: the amount of money spent on food; beliefs about UFOs; the causes of inflation; comparing the Roman Empire to Western Civilization; the decline in the Roman Empire; dieting; expanding the World Football League; growing vegetables in the summer; illegal strikes; impeaching President Nixon; learning second languages in school; opinions about weight; owing a car; the reasons for higher oil and gas prices; whether or not President Nixon should resign; who profits from higher oil and gas prices; types of cars and ways to control inflation. Basic demographic variables are also included. 366 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and the upcoming Federal election. There are also questions regarding compulsory military service, nuclear testing and what people fear. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the type of activities recently participated in; confidence levels of Canadian institutions; compulsory military service; conditions that warrant an election; being eligible to vote; what people fear; gaining a majority government; India's nuclear testing; interest in the Federal election; likelihood of voting; how long the respondent could live comfortably without an income; who the most sincere political leader is; whether or not a respondents name is on the voter's list; participation in sports; the political leader with the best campaign; preferred area of living; satisfaction levels; and summer holiday plans. Basic demographic variables are also included. 367 - July This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political parties, the election and other political issues within the country. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: the activities done during the 1874 election campaign; the difference between the political parties; the important jobs for the government after the election; overall interest in the election; voting eligibility; and voting intentions. Basic demographic variables are also included. 368 - September This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the past election and political leaders in Canada; as well as American politics. Questions also touched on subjects such as the benefits of marriage; the Old Age Pension and the metric system. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing abortions; the amount of money given by the Old Age Pension; the approval for lotteries; converting to the metric system; disapproval for lotteries; the effectiveness of police; the expectations of Gerald Ford as President; gaining from marriage; the government running lotteries; the involvement of churches in daily life; the loss of prestige in the United States due to Watergate; making French the sole official language in Quebec; passing Bill 22 in Quebec; the reasons for voting for a political leader; rising prices; setting maximum speed limits; wage and price controls; and who is to blame for violence in minor hockey. Basic demographic variables are also included. 369 - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. Topics of interest include: the most important problems facing the country; government intervention in wage; the influence of foreign (U.S.) capital; opinions on PM Trudeau, Minister of Finance Turner, Minister of Agriculture Whelan, current issues in the agricultural sector; over-coverage of U.S. news; safety regulations; sense of increasing violence; Gerald Ford; the possibility of an imminent economic depression; political leanings and voting behavior. Basic demographic variables are also included. 370 - November This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about government salaries and the past election. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as the effect of women in the RCMP and predictions for 1975. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: only admitting immigrants with prearranged jobs; allowing organ donations; attending the 1976 Olympics in Montreal; the effects of where you live on wealth; the effects of women in the RCMP; evaluation of government salaries; fear of walking at night; political preferences; rating post office performance; predictions for 1975; regularly saving part of income; and types of foods recently ate. Basic demographic variables are also included. 371 - December This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about who will be the new political leaders as well as other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as type of employment, inflation and attitudes towards marijuana. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: the amount of foreign aid given; the cause of rising food prices; confidence in the government's handling of inflation; gender preference of boss; the groups that will suffer the most from high food prices; helping underdeveloped countries; legalizing marijuana; opinions of a two-price system; political preferences; giving prison sentences for selling marijuana; the protection of Canadian magazine publishers; who the replacement leader for the Conservative party will be; who the replacement leader for the NDP will be; whether or not the respondent would stop working if they had the means to do so; trying marijuana; the type of employment; and weekend prison leaves for serious convictions. Basic demographic variables are also included.

Abstract

In the early-mid 1990s, Albania entered a new phase of major changes, moving from a totalitarian to a democratic system and shifting gradually to the free market economy. This process led, naturally, to changes in various demographic and health characteristics of the Albanian society.

The 2008-09 Albania Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) is a nationally representative study aimed at collecting and providing information on population, demographic, and health characteristics of the country. Population-based studies of this magnitude are a major undertaking that provide information on important indicators which measure the progress of a country.

The ADHS results help provide the necessary information to assess, measure, and evaluate the existing programs in the country. They also provide crucial information to policy-makers when drafting new policies and strategies related to the health sector and health services in Albania.

The information collected in the 2008-09 Albania Demographic and Health Survey will be used not only by local decision-makers and programme managers, but also by partners and foreign donors involved in various development areas in Albania, as well as by academic institutions to do further analysis with the collected data.

The 2008-09 Albania Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) was implemented by the Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) and the Institute of Public Health (IPH), of the Ministry of Health. ICF Macro provided technical assistance to the ADHS through funding from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United State Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded MEASURE DHS programme. Local costs of the survey were supported by USAID, the Swiss Cooperation Office in Albania (SCO-A), UNICEF, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Data collection was conducted from 28 October, 2008 to 26 April, 2009 using a nationally representative sample of almost 9,000 households. All women age 15-49 in these households and all men age 15-49 in half of the households were eligible to be individually interviewed. In addition to the data collected through interviews with these women and men, capillary blood samples were collected from all children age 6-59 months and all eligible women and men age 15-49 for anaemia testing. All children under five years of age and eligible women and men age 15-49 were weighed and measured to assess their nutritional status. Finally, blood pressure (BP) was measured for eligible women and men in the households selected for the men’s interview to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in the adult population.

The 2008-09 ADHS is designed to provide data to monitor the population and health situation in Albania. Specifically, the 2008-09 ADHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, knowledge and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of women and young children, childhood mortality, maternal and child health, and awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. Additional features of the 2008-09 ADHS include the collection of information on migration (out-migration, returning migrants and internal migration), haemoglobin testing to detect the presence of anaemia, blood pressure (BP) measurements among the adult population, and questions related to accessibility and affordability of health services. The information collected in the 2008-09 ADHS provides updated estimates of an array of demographic and health indicators that will assist in the development of appropriate policies and programmes to address the most important health issues in Albania.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-49

Universe

All women age 15-49 in the total sample of households, and all men age 15-49 in the subsample of half of the households, who were either usual residents of the households or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The 2008-09 Albania Demographic and Health Survey is based on a representative probability sample of almost 9,000 households. This sample was selected in such a manner as to allow separate urban and rural, as well as regional-level estimates for key population and health indicators, e.g., fertility, contraceptive prevalence, and infant mortality for children under five.

The 2008-09 ADHS utilized a two-stage sample design. The first stage involved selection of a sample of primary sampling units (PSUs) from the PSUs used for the 2008 Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS). In total, 450 PSUs were selected for the ADHS sample, including 245 urban PSUs and 205 rural PSUs, covering 4 geographic domains-mountains, central, coastal, and urban Tirana. A listing of each of the selected PSUs was carried out in preparation for the LSMS. The ADHS survey selected 20 households from the updated household listing in each PSU, excluding those households selected for the LSMS. In two PSUs, numbers 27 (13 households) and 172 (17 households), there were less than 20 households in the re-listed PSU-all households were selected in those cases. In a further 6 PSUs there were less than 20 households after the LSMS households were excluded. In these PSUs some of the households from the LSMS sample were included to bring the number of households selected up to 20. After selection of the households, the sample selection forms were printed and the list of selected households was adapted for use in a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA).

All women age 15-49 in the total sample of households, and all men age 15-49 in the subsample of half of the households, who were either usual residents of the households or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed.

Note: See detailed description of sample implementation in APPENDIX A of the survey final report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three questionnaires were used for the 2008-09 ADHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Women’s Questionnaire and the Men’s Questionnaire. The content of these questionnaires was based on model questionnaires developed by the MEASURE DHS programme.

Consultations with partners were held in Tirana to obtain input from various national and international experts on a broad array of issues. Based on these consultations, the DHS model questionnaires were modified to reflect issues relevant in Albania concerning population, women and children’s health, family planning, and other health issues. After approval of the final content by the Steering and the Technical Committees, the questionnaires were translated from English into Albanian.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors in the selected households and to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. Basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including their age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. In addition, a separate listing and basic information on former household members who had emigrated abroad was collected. The Household Questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor and roof of the house, and ownership of various durable goods. A module was included to obtain information about methods used in the household for disciplining children; the information was gathered concerning one selected child in the age range 2-14 years. Finally, height and weight measurements, and the results of haemoglobin measurements for consenting women and men age 15-49 years and children age 6 to 59 months were recorded in the Household Questionnaire. The haemoglobin testing procedures are described in detail in the next section.

The Women’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on the following topics: - Background characteristics (education, residential history, media exposure, etc.); - Reproductive history; - Knowledge and use of family planning methods; - Fertility preferences; - Antenatal and delivery care; - Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices; - Vaccinations and childhood illnesses; - Marriage and sexual activity; - Woman’s work and husband’s background characteristics; - Infant and child feeding practices; - Childhood mortality; and - Awareness and behaviour about AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

The Women’s Questionnaire had a number of important additions not present in the DHS model questionnaire. First, the BP readings were taken for all women age 15-49 that lived in the households selected for the men’s survey. Secondly, a vaccination module was added for each child under the age of five years to be completed at the local health clinic or centre. As indicated by the 2005 MICS survey findings and according to child health experts, immunization information in Albania is more frequently kept at the health clinics or centres than on an immunization card or child health book in the mother’s possession. The purpose of this module was, therefore, to collect information on immunizations from the local health clinics or centres in addition to that collected during the woman’s interview. The vaccination module provides better quality immunization indicators because

This dataset covers ballots 481-83, 485-92, spanning January-March, May-December 1984. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 481-2 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues such as which party is the best to handle problems in the country as well as the closeness of US Canada relations. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government including health care, the use of seatbelts and unemployment. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: Whether or not all nations will join as one government; the approval of Broadbent as NDP leader; the approval of Jeanne Sauve as Governor General; the approval of Mulroney as leader of the Opposition; the approval of Trudeau as Prime Minister; the best political party to handle foreign affairs; the best political party to handle inflation; the best political party to handle Medicare; the best political party to handle unemployment; the closeness of U.S.-Canada relations; confidence in the United States' world problem solving; the disapproval of Jeanne Sauve as Governor General; improvements in life throughout the world; naming the newly appointed Governor General; opinions about the Liberal party; opinions about the NDP; opinions about the Progressive Conservative (PC) party; the pension policy most relied on; selling alcohol on election days; using seatbelts; ways to pay for health care; and whether or not wealthy nations should give money to poor ones. Basic demographic variables are also included. 482-1 - February This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about Prime Minister Trudeau and other political issues within the country such as campaign contributions. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as public services, no fault divorce and euthanasia. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: agreeing with the no fault divorce act; allowing euthanasia if it is requested; the amount of lottery money won; the amount of money left over after paying the bills; the Best Prime Minister for Canada; buying Lotto 649 tickets; controlling major U.S. firms in Canada; favouring government run lotteries; going to war, rather than living under Communism; involving unions in political activities; opinions of Trudeau after peace talks; prohibiting private campaign contributions; putting a limit on lottery winnings; and reducing taxes or keeping up public services. Basic demographic variables are also included. 483-1 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the winter Olympics, using alcoholic beverages and the chances of a nuclear war. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: activities participated in the last year; the chances of a nuclear war; the city that will hold the 1988 winter Olympics; common beliefs; country that held the 1984 winter Olympics; the country that will hold the 1988 winter Olympics; the effects of bilingualism on tourism in Canada; the effects of a NDP government on the economy; the effects of a Progressive Conservative (PC) government on the economy; giving married women less priority in the job market; making an effort to buy gas from PetroCan; the minimum amount of income a family of four needs; selling PetroCan to the private sector; and using alcoholic beverages. Basic demographic variables are also included. 483-5 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about Prime Minister Trudeau and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as prostitution, hospital fees and sponsoring amateur sports. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the approval of alcohol firms as amateur sports sponsors; the approval of tobacco firms as amateur sports sponsors; developing hospital user fees; extra billing by doctors; future development in Canada; impressions of Revenue Canada; increasing taxes to pay for doctor's extra billing; increasing taxes to pay for hospital user fees; interactions with Revenue Canada; knowledge of the Liberal leadership conference; preferred leader of the federal Liberal party; rating Trudeau compared to past Prime Ministers; reasons for interactions with Revenue Canada; reducing unemployment or balancing the budget; the seriousness of prostitution in the community; voting preferences; and ways to alleviate the problems caused by prostitution. Basic demographic variables are also included. 485-1 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the preferred Federal Liberal leader and the Liberal government leadership convention as well as other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the chances of nuclear war, the impact of organized religion and unemployment. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: attending church; belief in god; belief in the afterlife; chances of a nuclear war; encouraging foreign investment; expanding social welfare programs; the Federal Liberal government leadership convention; the ideal number of kids to have; the impact of organized religion on everyday life; the importance of religious beliefs; the likelihood of surviving a nuclear war; living conditions today; the minimum income a family of four needs; moving towards socialism; the preferred Federal Liberal leader; reducing spending or stopping unemployment and supporting the elected Federal Liberal leader. Basic demographic variables are also included. 485-4 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social issues. The questions ask opinions about Canada's problems and the future of the economy. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as how the courts deal with criminals, the Olympics and smoking. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to political and geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing sexual offenders to go on bail; allowing convicts weekend leaves; Canada's problems; the future of the economy; giving the terminally ill heroin; the government's handling of the economy; the harshness of the courts in dealing with criminals; the percentage of Canadians who smoked in the past week; political stance; preferred location of a permanent Olympic site; the proposal of a permanent Olympic site; smoking cigarettes in the past week; and working even though you don't need the money. Basic demographic variables are also included. 486-3 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about who would make the best Prime Minister, as well as other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as business conditions, the strength of labour unions and the Olympic games. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Basic demographic variables are also included. 486-4 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about who would make the best Prime Minister, as well as other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as business conditions, the strength of labour unions and the Olympic games. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the amount of U.S. investment in Canada; the Best Prime Minister for Canada; the biggest threat to Canada in the future; chances of a nuclear war; differences in political parties; the effects of labour unions in Canada; gaining control over major U.S. firms; the interest in the Olympic games without the USSR; picking a permanent Olympic site; putting a freeze on nuclear weapon development; ratings of business conditions in the community; satisfaction with the direction of the country; the spouse that gains the most from marriage; and the strength of labour unions. Basic demographic variables are also included. 487-1 - July This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on what the most important problems in Canada are today. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: the most important problem in Canada today; and political preferences. Basic demographic variables are also included. 488-2 - August This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians on the upcoming Federal election only. The questions ask about voter eligibility and voter certainty, as well as

This poll, fielded February 23-27, 2007, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president and other issues such as foreign policy. They also were asked to rate the condition of the national economy, what was the most important domestic policy for the president and Congress to focus on, and whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job. Opinions were solicited on the topic of health care, including how well the United States health care system works, the cost of health care, the federal government's responsibility to guarantee health care for all Americans, whether taxes should be increased in order to expand health care to all Americans, and whether employers should be required to provide insurance for all their workers. A series of questions asked for respondents' opinions on advertisements by drug companies, including whether they are helpful to consumers, whether prescription drug advertisements on television should be limited by the government, whether it was acceptable for doctors to be paid by drug companies to promote prescription drugs, and whether Congress should change the law to allow Americans to buy lower cost prescription drugs from Canada. Respondents were asked whether the government would do a better job than private insurance companies in providing medical coverage and holding down health care costs, which issues they would like most to hear the 2008 presidential candidates talk about over the next two years regarding health care, and whether they had confidence in each presidential candidate's ability to make decisions about health care. Information was also collected about the status of respondents and their household members' health care coverage and health care costs, their health status and treatment for common conditions, life expectancy, whether they had an employer-sponsored pension plan, and whether they were concerned about not having enough money for retirement. Additional information was collected on respondents' opinions of the Republican and Democratic parties, international trade, globalization, and the United States military situation with Iraq and Iran. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, marital status, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, the presence of children under 18 and household members between the ages of 18 and 24, and whether respondents had children attending a four-year college.

The Crisis Monitor has been conducted regularly by the opinion research institute forsa on behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government since calendar week 1/2023. The Crisis Monitor is the continuation of the representative population surveys conducted regularly by forsa from calendar week 13/2022 to 50/2022 on the topic of Germany and the war in Ukraine. The individual question areas were adjusted depending on the survey period. In the survey period from 17.10.2023 to 19.10.2023, the German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). Respondents were selected using a multi-stage random sample.
Level of personal stress caused by the current situation surrounding the current crises in Germany; developments in Germany that cause the most personal concern; assessment of the German government´s foreign policy actions (cares too much vs. too little about global problems); assessment of the German government´s domestic policy actions (cares too much vs. too little about the problems in Germany); personal sense of security in Germany; level of personal stress caused by the war in Ukraine and the media content perceived about it; level of personal stress caused by the war in Israel and the Palestinian territories; Germany should stand up for Israel because of its history vs. is not a task for Germany; support for German arms deliveries to Israel for the war against Hamas; Germany should stop development cooperation with the Palestinian territories vs. should not do so; organizations that express solidarity with Hamas´ actions in Israel should be banned in Germany vs. should not be banned.

Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; party preference in the next federal election; voting behavior in the last federal election; income level low, medium, high (net equivalent income).

Additionally coded were: West/East region; federal state; weighting factor.

Migrants from the United Kingdom have long been Australia’s primary immigrant group and in 2023 there were roughly 960 thousand English-born people living in Australia. India and China held second and third place respectively with regard to Australia’s foreign-born population. The relative dominance of Asian countries in the list of top ten foreign-born residents of Australia represents a significant shift in Australia’s immigration patterns over the past few decades. Where European-born migrants had previously overshadowed other migrant groups, Australian migration figures are now showing greater migration numbers from neighboring countries in Asia and the Pacific. A history of migration Australia is often referred to as an ‘immigrant nation’, alongside the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Before the Second World War, migrants to Australia were almost exclusively from the UK, however after 1945, Australia’s immigration policy was broadened to attract economic migrants and temporary skilled migrants. These policy changes saw and increase in immigrants particularly from Greece and Italy. Today, Australia maintains its status as an ‘’Immigrant nation’’, with almost 30 percent of the population born overseas and around 50 percent of the population having both that were born overseas. Australian visas The Australian immigration program has two main categories of visa, permanent and temporary. The permanent visa category offers three primary pathways: skilled, family and humanitarian. The skilled visa category is by far the most common, with more than a million permanent migrants living in Australia on this visa category at the last Australian census in 2021. Of the temporary visa categories, the higher education visa is the most popular, exceeding 180 thousand arrivals in 2023.

This dataset covers ballots 273-76, and 278-79, spanning January, March, May, July, September, and November 1959. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 273 - January This Gallup poll seeks to obtain the opinions of Canadians on several topics of interest to Canadians. The major subjects of the survey are politics, current events, labour, unions and strikes. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to social, geographic and demographic variables. Topics of interest include: the 4 day work week; the Canadian National Anthem; car ownership; Community Chest not meeting its objectives; Conservative party; federal election; home improvements; housework help; Liberal party; opinion of government; opposition party; whether respondents received a pay increase within the last year; public utilities strikes; religiousness of different generations; the state of the human race; whether titles should be given for outstanding service to Canada; Unemployment Insurance benefits; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 274 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians on a variety of topics. Some of the major subjects of discussion for this survey are religion and Christianity, politics and government, current events, and international relations. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canadian defence policy; car ownership; Christian groups uniting; curfews; defence funding; dew line military bases; discipline of children, federal elections; feelings towards people from other countries; reactions to a gold rush; John Diefenbaker's performance as Prime Minister; military power; the Pope's world conference for unity; preferred makes of cameras; preferred political parties; price predictions for six months from now; purchasing foreign goods; relations with Russia; spring fever symptoms; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 275 - May This Gallup poll seeks to collect the opinions of Canadians on several issues of importance to the country as a whole. Included in this survey are discussions on religion, and several questions on foreign trade, including opinion and awareness questions. The specific countries discussed with respect to foreign trade and goods were Germany, Japan, France and Italy. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. Topics of interest include: American investment in Canada; Canada supporting distressed countries; Canadian businesses; car ownership; Catholic principles which are hard to accept; church attendance; diseases which are most often thought about; diseases which kill the most people; federal elections; buying German goods; the government's overall performance; income tax levels; buying Italian goods; buying Japanese goods; purchasing and opinions of foreign goods; recognition of China's communist government; preferred political parties; Protestant principles which are hard to accept; provincial elections; union membership; voting behaviour; whether women are better looking now than in the past; and whether women should be able to work in the Ministry. Basic demographics variables are also included. 276 - July This Gallup poll aims to collect the opinions of Canadians on issues mostly of a political nature, of interest to the country and government. Included are questions about preferred political parties and leaders, the national budget, and voting habits and standards of living. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. Topics of interest include: British Royalty; budget cutbacks; the budget deficit; the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC); car ownership; federal elections; immigration; a lottery to raise money for healthcare and welfare; major problems facing the government; the national budget; political party word association; preferred political parties; standard of living changes; union membership; opinions towards the United States; voting behaviour; and what it means to be Canadian. Basic demographics variables are also included. 278 - September This Gallup poll aims to seek the opinions of Canadians on a wide variety of topics, with the subjects ranging from compact cars and space exploration to mercy killing, Canadian titles for British Royalty, and the reading habits of Canadians. There are also multiple sections involving labour unions. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. The topics of interest include: car ownership; Canadian and European compact cars; federal elections; fines for jay walking; grocery stamps; Khrushchev visiting America with good intentions; living in the scientific age; mercy killing; power of labour unions; preferred political parties; whether the Queen's baby should receive a Canadian title at the age of 21; railroad workers wage increase; reading books; space exploration; strike of railroad workers; union membership; voting behaviour; and world war predictions. Basic demographics variables are also included. 279 - November This Gallup poll aims to collect the views and opinions of the past decade (1950-1959), and the opinions and predictions for the future, of Canadians. The issues discussed focus mainly on current events both in Canada and around the world. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canadians' improving attitudes; car ownership; family issues; the federal election; how happy the respondents' marriages are; peace with Russia; predictions for the future; union membership; the United Nations; urgent problems facing government; voting behaviour; and wishes for the next decade. Basic demographics variables are also included.The codebook for this dataset is available through the UBC Library catalogue, with call number HN110.Z9 P84.

Among countries with the highest number of overseas Chinese on each continent, the largest Chinese diaspora community is living in Indonesia, numbering more than ten million people. Most of these people are descendants from migrants born in China, who have moved to Indonesia a long time ago. On the contrary, a large part of overseas Chinese living in Canada and Australia have arrived in these countries only during the last two decades. China as an emigration country Many Chinese people have emigrated from their home country in search of better living conditions and educational chances. The increasing number of Chinese emigrants has benefited from loosened migration policies. On the one hand, the attitude of the Chinese government towards emigration has changed significantly. Overseas Chinese are considered to be strong supporters for the overall strength of Chinese culture and international influence. On the other hand, migration policies in the United States and Canada are changing with time, expanding migration opportunities for non-European immigrants. As a result, China has become one of the world’s largest emigration countries as well as the country with the highest outflows of high net worth individuals. However, the mass emigration is causing a severe loss of homegrown talents and assets. The problem of talent and wealth outflow has raised pressing questions to the Chinese government, and a solution to this issue is yet to be determined. Popular destinations among Chinese emigrants Over the last decades, English speaking developed countries have been popular destinations for Chinese emigrants. In 2022 alone, the number of people from China naturalized as U.S. citizens had amounted to over 27,000 people, while nearly 68,000 had obtained legal permanent resident status as “green card” recipients. Among other popular immigration destinations for Chinese riches are Canada, Australia, Europe, and Singapore.

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1958 study may be analyzed both on its own, as a cross-section survey representative of the U.S. population of voting age, and as the second wave of a panel study that started with the ANES 1956 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7214) and ended with the ANES 1960 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7216). Each respondent was interviewed only once, after the election. Respondents who had not been interviewed in 1956 were selected from dwelling units vacated by 1956 respondents (movers). The questionnaires contained both closed and open-ended questions covering a wide range of topics. In addition to general political attitudes, the study obtained information about the more specific attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the 1958 Congressional Election, like the respondents' actual vote and reasons for the vote, attitudes toward political parties and candidates, and the respondents' political history. Data were also collected on specific domestic and foreign policy issues such as government involvement in housing and public utilities, and United States aid to anti-Communist nations. The study also ascertained the financial situation of the family unit and other demographic information.

This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluate the Bush presidency and solicit opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Demographic information collected includes sex, age, race, education, family income, religion, ethnicity, political orientation, party preference, and voting behavior. Specific topics covered in this survey include how things were going in the United States on a scale of 1 to 10, the most important problem facing the country and which political party could best handle it, foreign policy, the national economy and recession, state economies, the job done by Congress in general and the respondent's representative in particular, the federal budget deficit and the deficit reduction plan, state election campaigns, and satisfaction with choices in state elections. Respondents also were asked about their voter registration status, party preference in the 1990 election for the United States House of Representatives, likelihood of voting in the 1990 elections for Congress, George Bush as a factor in voting for Congress, helpfulness of television commercials in choosing who to vote for for Congress, whether the respondent voted for Bush or Dukakis in 1988 or chose not to vote/was prevented from voting, whether the respondent voted in the 1986 elections for United States Congress or chose not to vote/was prevented from voting, and the most recent election in which the respondent voted. Other topics included Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and the United States' response, dependability of Israel as an ally, the savings and loan problem, the drug problem, the environment, education, raising taxes to reduce the deficit, interpreting the meaning of Bush's statement "Read my lips: No new taxes," Bush's veto of the civil rights bill, government as self-serving or beneficial to all, re-election of respondent's representative and members of Congress, trustworthiness of government and Congress, influence of elections on government's attention to what people think, and the amount of input people have in what government does. In addition, survey respondents were queried for their opinions on national health insurance, whether decisions of Congress were mostly right or wrong, Bush's leadership, differences in what Republican and Democratic parties stand for, positiveness/negativeness of state political campaigns compared to ten years ago, qualifications of elected officials compared to ten years ago, the amount of attention given to political ads on television and radio and the influence of those ads, whether who is elected makes a difference, financial status of respondent compared to a year ago, quality of respondent's life compared to their parents' lives, and employment/jobs vs. inflation/rising prices as the most important economic problem facing the country.

Nigeria aims to enhance its healthcare quality index score of 84th out of 110 countries and its Sustainable Development Goals Index ranking of 146th out of 166. Due to increased population, disease burden, and patient awareness, healthcare demand is rising, putting pressure on funding and quality assurance. The Nigerian healthcare financing and its impacts are complex; this study gives insights into the trends. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey (conducted from June to August 2023) and 2010–2023 health budget analysis examined healthcare finance patterns and user attitudes (utilisation, preference and quality perceptions) in Nigeria. Data from government health budgets and a stratified random sample of 2,212 from nine states, obtained from the socioculturally diverse 237 million population, were analysed with a focus on trends, proportions, frequency distributions, and tests of association. Results show that the average rating of healthcare experiences did not vary significantly over the last decade. Healthcare system quality was rated mainly poor or very poor; structure (74.09%), services (61.66%), and cost (60.89%). While 87.36% used government healthcare facilities, 85.00% paid out-of-pocket, and 72.60% of them were dissatisfied with the value for money. Despite a preference for government facilities (71.43%), respondents cited high costs (62.75%), poor funding (85.65%), inadequate staffing (90.73%), and lack of essential medicines (88.47%) as major challenges. The budget analysis reveals an average government healthcare fund allocation of $7.12 compared with an estimated expenditure of $82.75 per person annually. Nigeria allocates only an average of 0.37% of GDP and 4.61% of the national budget to healthcare, comprising a maximum of 13.56% of total health expenditure. This study emphasises the urgent need for policy reforms and implementations to improve Nigeria’s healthcare financing and service quality. Targeted interventions are essential to address systemic challenges and meet population needs while aligning with international health services and best standards.

This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to identify the biggest problems facing the country and to comment on whether they thought the United States was generally going in the right direction or was on the wrong track. They were also asked whether they approved of Bill Clinton's handling of his job as president, the nation's economy, the federal budget deficit, foreign affairs, crime, the situation involving the former Yugoslavian republics of Serbia and Bosnia, and Clinton's health care plan. The health care plan was closely examined with questions on whether it was better or worse than the present system and whether the respondent supported federal price controls on medical expenses, an insurance program that would not pay for some medically unnecessary or low-success treatments, and federal laws requiring all employers to provide health insurance to full-time employees and pay some costs for part-time employees. Respondents were asked whether groups such as the American Medical Association, the health insurance industry, Republicans in Congress, Democrats in Congress, and the Clinton administration were helping or hurting efforts to improve the nation's health care system. They were also asked which political party they would trust to do a better job of handling the nation's economy, crime, foreign affairs, improving education and schools, maintaining a strong national defense, helping the middle class, holding taxes down, helping the poor, providing affordable health care, encouraging high moral standards and values, creating jobs, reducing the federal budget deficit, and making American industry competitive. Other topics covered neighborhood crime, prisons, the respondent's impression of Japan, and the arrest of an official of the Central Intelligence Agency accused of spying for the Russians. Demographic background variables include political orientation, age, race, income, and education.

This special topic poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. In this poll, fielded February 2-4, 2009, respondents were asked whether they approved of the way Barack Obama was handling the presidency, foreign policy, the economy, and the campaign against terrorism. Opinions were collected about whether the country was going in the right direction, whether the condition of the economy was good, how long the recession would last, and what could be done to get the United States out of the recession. Respondents were asked their opinions of Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Democrats in Congress, Republicans in Congress, and Congress as a whole. Several questions were asked about coal including questions that asked respondents whether they would approve of building plants that were powered by coal to generate electricity, whether it was a good idea to use coal to generate electricity, whether they thought doing so would contribute to global warming, whether they knew of any companies using technology to generate electricity from coal in a way that does not contribute to global warming, respondent's definition of "clean coal," and whether advertisements about "clean coal" technology had changed their opinion of whether it was possible to use coal to generate electricity in a way that was less likely to contribute to global warming. Other questions asked about the economic stimulus plan, how closely respondents had been following news about it, whether they approved of the federal government passing an economic stimulus bill, whether the bill would shorten the recession, and whether it was okay for the Democrats to pass the bill without the support of the Republicans in Congress. Additional topics addressed closing the United States prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, abortion, job security, global warming, the concept of "nature versus nurture," and where people obtain their sense of morality. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, marital status, household income, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, religious preference, religious service attendance, and whether respondents considered themselves to be a born-again Christian.

This study explores public attitudes in the ten member nations of the European Economic Community. The monitoring of attitudes on European integration, life satisfaction, and social goals undertaken in previous Euro-Barometers was continued in this data collection. Respondents were asked questions regarding the European Community, specifically which nations they would prefer not be members of the Community. Respondents were also questioned concerning their consumer attitudes and buying habits, particularly concerning foreign products. German and British respondent attitudes toward present levels of government spending in a number of areas were also investigated. Additional questions, asked in Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Great Britain, measure respondent support for various political movements, such as ecology and anti-nuclear groups. This survey is part of a continuing series designed to measure public awareness of, and attitudes to, the Common Market and other European Community institutions. In addition to continuing to monitor attitudes on European integration, life satisfaction, and social goals, this study questioned respondents as to which of the member countries they would prefer not belonged to the European community. Respondents were also asked whether or not they planned to vote in the upcoming elections to the European parliament and about the reasons for their turnout decision, as well as being questioned concerning their consumer attitudes and buying habits, particularly as concerns foreign products. Variables include: nation; weight; is R registered to vote at present address; satisfaction with life; satisfaction with the way democracy works in own country; political involvement and orientations, incl does R persuade others to share his views; country's goals for next 10-15 years, how often does R discuss politics with friends; state of R's personal life, incl health income, leisure time, local government, personal safety, living accommodation, work, family, public services; prefer to invest money for future or spend it now; has R joined public demonstration in past years; concerns for future, incl young people taking drugs, foreign labourers, businesses about to collapse, increase in population of poor countries, joblessness among young people, international tensions, job losses in some areas and industries, lack of increase in standard of living, pollution, crime and terrorism; would unified Europe improve prospects of today's children; effect of people with pacifist ideas on the security of R's country; do people supporting ecological ideas have a real effect on protection of environment; economic outlook and personal efficacy, incl changes in general economic situation in last year, change in financial situation of R's household in past year, control R has over life, change in household income relative to cost of living, worries in household about losing or not finding job, unemployment in neighbourhood, financial situation of people like R; government economic policy, incl effect of government policies on economic situation, on unemployment, on prices, on R's employment prospects, on financial situation of R's household, on general economic situation; R ever angry about government economic policies; political parties which offer best policies for handling the economy; attitudes toward foreign products and companies, incl would R buy foreign car, borrow money from foreign bank, seek out products from other countries, vote for party advocating buying domestic products; attitude to foreign advertising; pride in nationality; would R continue working if he had enough money to live comfortably; consumer habits, incl attitude to consumer decision making, trying new products, spending for quality, judging people by their possessions, right to spend money on self, reasons for not buying; financial outlook for retirement, incl expected financial situation when retired, amount of pension, guaranteed pension, personal payments to pension schemes; attitudes to social and political issues, incl violence, rights of employees, importance of family, research spending, patriotism, censorship, solar energy, unemployment, are students parasites, trade unions, courts of law, nuclear power plants, homosexuals, military expenditures, energy crisis, income differences, television, free abortions, peace, racism, likelihood of world war, God, immigrant labour, electricity vs fossil fuels; would R be willing to pay more taxes to protect environment, how much; government spending on defense, public security, education, health care, recreation, housing, environmental protection, trade and industry, transportation, social security, aid to developing countries, art and culture, technological development, support for EC policies; support for political movements, incl ecology movements, anti-nuclear power, anti-war; left-right self-placement; attitude to societal change; political party closeness; attitudes toward EC, including knowledge of European parliament, attitudes to efforts to unify western Europe; preferred name for EC; areas on which the EC should concentrate; countries R would prefer not to be in the EC; is EC membership a good thing; benefits to country from EC; reaction if the EC were scrapped; opinions on a European passport, European currency, single European olympic team, extradition, single ambassador, unrestricted hiring, uniform social benefits, free trade between EC countries; importance of European parliament; intention to vote in European parliamentary election, reasons; goals of European parliament members and of parliament; attitudes toward political parties, incl types of parties for which R might vote. Demographic data includes: religion; importance of religion in R's life; marital status; age finished full-time education; vote intention if general election were held tomorrow; vote recall; sex; age; number of persons, of children, of teenagers living in R's home; family income; occupation; number of persons working at R's place of work; relation to and occupation of head of household; size of locality; subjective size of community; region; province; linguistic region. Constructed indices include: cognitive mobilization index; materialist/post-materialist values index; political orientation typology; support for Common Market index.