This dataset is about book subjects, has 4 rows. and is filtered where the books includes Demographic transition theory reinterpreted : an application to recent natality trends in Latin America. It features 10 columns including book subject, number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date. The preview is ordered by number of books (descending).

The authors propose a unified growth theory to explain demographic empirical regularities. They calibrate the model to match data moments for Sweden in 2000 and around 1800. The simulated data generated by the calibrated model are then compared to the historical time series for Sweden over the period 1750-2000 in order to investigate the fit of long-term development dynamics, as well as to cross-country panel data for the period 1960-2000 to analyze the relevance for cross-sectional patterns of comparative development.

Populations of Afro-Palearctic migrant birds have shown severe declines in recent decades. To identify the causes of these declines, accurate measures of both demographic rates (seasonal productivity, apparent survival, immigration) and environmental parameters will allow conservation and research actions to be targeted effectively. We used detailed observations of marked breeding birds from a ‘stronghold’ population of whinchats Saxicola rubetra in England (stable against the declining European trend) to reveal both on-site and external mechanisms that contribute to population change. From field data, a population model was developed based on demographic rates from 2011 to 2014. Observed population trends were compared to the predicted population trends to assess model-accuracy and the influence of outside factors, such as immigration. The sensitivity of the projected population growth rate to relative change in each demographic rate was also explored. Against expectations of high prod...

Life table response experiments (LTREs) decompose differences in population growth rate between environments into separate contributions from each underlying demographic rate. However, most LTRE analyses make the unrealistic assumption that the relationships between demographic rates and environmental drivers are linear and independent, which may result in diminished accuracy when these assumptions are violated. In this study, we compare the relative efficacy of linear and second-order LTRE analyses in capturing changes in population growth rate caused by environmental driver changes. To explore this question, we analyze demographic data collected for three long-lived plant species: Ardisia escallonioides (Pascarella & Horvitz, 1998), Silene acaulis, and Bistorta vivipara (Doak & Morris, 2010). This repository includes data files containing vital rate (survival, growth, reproduction) observations or models for our three case studies, as well as an R script in which we use these demographic data to calculate linear and second-order LTRE approximations of changes in population growth rate for each system and generate the figures we present in our paper.

This Matlab code was used to produce figures and results for the manuscript: "Are skyline plot-based demographic estimates overly dependent on smoothing prior assumptions?" The main code can be used to compute the omega statistic presented in this paper. Key functions/scripts are: robustDecayTry.m: computes a p-correction for GMRF priors to omega compLowerBndsDecay.m: computes the bound on omega^2, used for model rejection modSelCurve.m, modSel_via_m.m, maxpModSel.m and omegaModelSelect.m: use to test model rejection algorithms under various conditions robustDecay.m and testEllip.m: looks at how Fisher information from prior influences the omega statistic and looks at uncertainty ellipses All files with the word 'King': computes omega statistic for Kingman coalescent *Update: now includes xmls for the empirical-based simulations for the bison and HCV examples in the revised Fig 5 and 6 of the main text.,In Bayesian phylogenetics, the coalescent process provides an informative framework for inferring changes in the effective size of a population from a phylogeny (or tree) of sequences sampled from that population. Popular coalescent inference approaches such as the Bayesian Skyline Plot, Skyride and Skygrid all model these population size changes with a discontinuous, piecewise-constant function but then apply a smoothing prior to ensure that their posterior population size estimates transition gradually with time. These prior distributions implicitly encode extra population size information that is not available from the observed coalescent data i.e. the tree. Here we present a novel statistic, Ω, to quantify and disaggregate the relative contributions of the coalescent data and prior assumptions to the resulting posterior estimate precision. Our statistic also measures the additional mutual information introduced by such priors. Using Ω we show that, because it is surprisingly easy to over-parametrise piecewise-constant population models, common smoothing priors can lead to overconfident and potentially misleading inference, even under robust experimental designs. We propose Ω as a useful tool for detecting when posterior estimate precision is overly reliant on prior choices.

Title: MATLAB Codes for "Long-run Effects of Super Low Fertility on Housing Markets"

Description: This repository contains MATLAB code used in the paper "Long-run Effects of Super Low Fertility on Housing Markets." The project features an overlapping generations (OLG) general equilibrium model incorporating housing markets and demographic transitions specific to South Korea.

The included MATLAB scripts simulate the model and generate the results and figures reported in the main text of the paper.

Requirements: The code is written in MATLAB, a high-level language developed by MathWorks. While MATLAB is a commercial product, the included code can be run using MATLAB Online, MATLAB Runtime, or through an institutional license—most economics departments will have one. No separate license purchase is necessary to run this code if you use these alternatives.

Folder Structure:

Code_Baseline/ Contains the core MATLAB scripts used to produce the main results of the paper.

Code_OpenEconomy/ Includes MATLAB scripts for a robustness check based on a small open economy variation of the model.

How to Run: To reproduce all key tables and figures from the main text:

Navigate to the root directory in MATLAB.

Run KOR_runme_2024.m

This will execute the baseline model and generate all relevant outputs.

Contact: For questions or comments, please contact the authors of the paper (jylee22@inu.ac.kr or hsuh@inha.ac.kr).

Identifying the specific environmental features and associated density-dependent processes that limit population growth is central to both ecology and conservation. Comparative assessments of sympatric species allow for inference into how ecologically similar species differentially respond to their shared environment, which can be used to inform community-level conservation strategies. Comparative assessments can nevertheless be complicated by interactions and feedback loops among the species in question. We developed an integrated population model based on sixty-one years of ecological data describing the demographic histories of Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) and Redheads (Aythya americana), two species of migratory diving ducks that utilize similar breeding habitats and affect each other’s demography through interspecific nest parasitism. We combined this model with a transient life table response experiment to determine the extent that demographic rates, and their contributions to..., DATA COLLECTION We combined a series of long-term data sets into a single integrated population model that provided insights into how variation in seasonal survival (band releases and recoveries) and offspring production (harvest age-ratios) contributed to fluctuations in population growth (breeding survey, harvest estimates) for Canvasbacks and Redheads from 1961–2021. Banding Data – Information regarding the banding and subsequent harvest of ducks was acquired from the GameBirds Database CD (Bird Banding Lab, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel MD, USA, version August 2022). Male and female Canvasbacks and Redheads were captured following breeding but prior to the hunting season (Pre-Hunting) as ducklings (Local) or hatch year (HY; fledged juvenile) individuals as well as after hatch year (AHY; adult) individuals or following the hunting season (Post-Hunting) as an undifferentiated mixture of second year (SY) and after second year (ASY) individuals captured and released acr..., , # Manuscript Details:

Journal Name: Ecological Monographs (submitted)

Title: Explaining the divergence of population trajectories for two interacting waterfowl species.

Author(s):

Gibson, D.(1,2a), T.W. Arnold (2), F.E. Buderman (3) D.N. Koons (1),

1 Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455

2 Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802

3 Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology & Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA

a Corresponding Author: gibso678@umn.edu

Decomposing the drivers of Canvasback and Redhead population change: Code and data to develop explantory variables, build a population model, and perform a transient life table response experiment

We have provided the raw agricultural (crop.rdata), wetland abundance (**ponds.rdata*...

1. Many migratory species are in decline across their geographical ranges. Single-population studies can provide important insights into drivers at a local scale, but effective conservation requires multi-population perspectives. This is challenging because relevant data are often hard to consolidate, and state-of-the-art analytical tools are typically tailored to specific datasets.

2. We capitalized on a recent data harmonization initiative (SPI-Birds) and linked it to a generalized modeling framework to identify the demographic and environmental drivers of large-scale population decline in migratory pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) breeding across Britain.

3. We implemented a generalized integrated population model (IPM) to estimate age-specific vital rates, including their dependency on environmental conditions, and total and breeding population size of pied flycatchers using long-term (34–64 years) monitoring data from seven locations representative of the British breeding range. We then quantified the relative contributions of different vital rates and population structures to changes in short- and long-term population growth rates using transient life table response experiments (LTREs).

4. Substantial covariation in population sizes across breeding locations suggested that change was the result of large-scale drivers. This was supported by LTRE analyses, which attributed past changes in short-term population growth rates and long-term population trends primarily to variation in annual survival and dispersal dynamics, which largely act during migration and/or non-breeding season. Contributions of variation in local reproductive parameters were small in comparison, despite sensitivity to local temperature and rainfall within the breeding period.

5. We show that both short- and longer-term population changes of British-breeding pied flycatchers are likely linked to factors acting during migration and in non-breeding areas, where future research should be prioritized. We illustrate the potential of multi-population analyses for informing management at (inter)national scales and highlight the importance of data standardization, generalized and accessible analytical tools, and reproducible workflows to achieve them.

The project, based at the University of Greenwich, UK and Stellenbosch University, South Africa, aimed to examine epidemiologic transitions by identifying and quantifying the drivers of change in CVD risk in the middle-income country of South Africa compared to the high-income nation of England. The project produced a harmonised dataset of national surveys measuring CVD risk factors in South Africa and England for others to use in future work. The harmonised dataset includes microdata from nationally-representative surveys in South Africa derived from the Demographic and Health Surveys, National Income Dynamics Study, South Africa National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health, covering 11 cross-sections and approximately 156,000 individuals aged 15+ years, representing South Africa’s adult population from 1998 to 2017.

Data for England come from 17 Health Surveys for England (HSE) over the same time period, covering over 168,000 individuals aged 16+ years, representing England’s adult population.

This study uses existing data to identify drivers of recent health transitions in South Africa compared to England. The global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) on health is increasing. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in particular are the leading causes of death globally and often share characteristics with many major NCDs. Namely, they tend to increase with age and are influenced by behavioural factors such as diet, exercise and smoking. Risk factors for CVD are routinely measured in population surveys and thus provide an opportunity to study health transitions. Understanding the drivers of health transitions in countries that have not followed expected paths (eg, South Africa) compared to those that exemplified models of 'epidemiologic transition' (eg, England) can generate knowledge on where resources may best be directed to reduce the burden of disease. In the middle-income country of South Africa, CVD is the second leading cause of death after HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB). Moreover, many of the known risk factors for NCDs like CVD are highly prevalent. Rates of hypertension are high, with recent estimates suggesting that over 40% of adults have high blood pressure. Around 60% of women and 30% of men over 15 are overweight in South Africa. In addition, excessive alcohol consumption, a risk factor for many chronic diseases, is high, with over 30% of men aged 15 and older having engaged in heavy episodic drinking within a 30-day period. Nevertheless, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS remain the leading cause of death, though many with HIV/AIDS and TB also have NCDs. In high-income countries like England, by contrast, NCDs such as CVD have been the leading causes of death since the mid-1900s. However, CVD and risk factors such as hypertension have been declining in recent decades due to increased prevention and treatment. The major drivers of change in disease burden have been attributed to factors including ageing, improved living standards, urbanisation, lifestyle change, and reduced infectious disease. Together, these changes are often referred to as the epidemiologic transition. However, recent research has questioned whether epidemiologic transition theory accurately describes the experience of many low- and middle-income countries or, in fact, of high-income nations such as England. Furthermore, few studies have empirically tested the relative contributions of demographic, behavioural, health and economic factors to trends in disease burden and risk, particularly on the African continent. In addition, many social and environmental factors are overlooked in this research. To address these gaps, our study will use population measurements of CVD risk derived from surveys in South Africa over nearly 20 years in order to examine whether and to what extent demographic, behavioural, environmental, medical, social and other factors contribute to recent health trends and transitions. We will compare these trends to those occurring in England over the same time period. Thus, this analysis seeks to illuminate the drivers of health transitions in a country which is assumed to still be 'transitioning' to a chronic disease profile but which continues to have a high infectious disease burden (South Africa) as compared to a country which is assumed to have already transitioned following epidemiological transition theory (England). The analysis will employ modelling techniques on pooled cross-sectional data to examine how various factors explain the variation in CVD risk over time in representative population samples from South Africa and England. The results of this analysis may help to identify some of the main contributors to recent changes in CVD risk in South Africa and England. Such information can be used to pinpoint potential areas for intervention, such as social policy and services, thereby helping to set priorities for governmental and...

The Data of SIMon (German System of Social Indicators (DISI) and European System of Social Indicators (EUSI))are available via the histat online database (https://histat.gesis.org/histat/)under the topic ´SIMon: Social Indicators Monitor´(https://histat.gesis.org/histat/de/data/themes/36)for the free download. A) Conceptual framework The development of the conceptual framework for the European System of Social Indicators builds on the theoretical discussion of welfare and quality of life as well as the goals of social development oriented towards them. Additionally, the tasks and fundamental objectives of European Union policy have been statistically measured and reported. Based on these two areas (theoretical debate on welfare on the one hand and EU policy objectives on the other), six perspectives and dimensions of social development in Europe were identified which form the conceptual core of the European system of social indicators and are related to the concepts of quality of life, social cohesion and sustainability. Dimensions of quality of life:1) The dimension of objective living conditions describes the actual living conditions of individuals (working conditions, state of health, material standard of living).2) The dimension of subjective welfare includes perceptions, assessments, and assessments of living conditions by citizens. Dimensions derived from the concept of social cohesion:3) Disparities, inequalities and social exclusion relate to aspects of the distribution of wealth in society (regional disparities, equal opportunities).4) Social relationships, bonds, and inclusion refer to the social capital of a society. The existence of informal networks, associations, and organizations as well as the functioning of social institutions are covered by the dimension of social cohesion. Dimensions of sustainability. In this context, sustainability is primarily understood as the preservation or increase of social capital (physical capital, social capital, human capital, natural capital) for future generations.5) Securing human capital: Measuring dimensions and indicators of this target dimension primarily concern aspects of people´s education, skills, and health.6) Safeguarding natural capital: This dimension relates both to the current state of the environment and to processes and measures that improve or worsen the natural foundations of life. In addition to these six target dimensions of individual quality of life and the quality of societies, the European system of social indicators also includes selected dimensions of social change:Demographic and socio-economic structuresValues and settingsThese - a total of 8 - dimensions of welfare and social change lie at right angles to the 13 areas of life taken into account: PopulationHousehold and FamilyLivingTransport and trafficLeisure, media, cultureSocial and political participation, integrationEducation, vocational trainingThe labour market, working conditionsIncome, the standard of living, consumptionHealthEnvironmentSocial security, welfareSocial and public security, crimeLife situation overall (H.-H. Noll, EUSI web page) B) Theoretical background The Social Indicators System is the result of a discussion sparked off in the 1970s to measure a country´s prosperity development. Hans-Jürgen Krupp and Wolfgang Zapf initiated this discussion. Together they pointed out in 1972 in an expert opinion for the German Council of Economic Experts that the gross domestic product in particular and the parameters of national accounts (NA) in general are not sufficient to measure social welfare or ignore important aspects. (see:Krupp, H.-J. and Zapf, W. (1977), The role of alternative indicators of prosperity in assessing macroeconomic development. Council for Social and Economic Data, Working Paper No. 171, reprint of the report for the Council of Economic Experts of September 1972: 2011) They developed a multidimensional concept of quality of life in which, in addition to national accounts, the individual development possibilities and the possibilities perceived by individuals for satisfying their needs in different areas of life are also taken into account.The authors define the quality of life as ´the extent to which individuals perceive the satisfaction of their needs´ (1977, reprint: 2011, p. 4). Thus, the purely national economic concept of growth and prosperity is supplemented by categories of sociology and political science, in which ´quality of life is (represents) a positive objective against which efforts to measure and evaluate performance and deficits in the individual areas of life and for different social groups should be oriented.´ (Krupp/Zapf, 1977, reprint: 2011, p. 5) In this way, the authors promote comprehensive social reporting that measures the achievement of welfare goals in society. The authors explain the concept of social indicators as follows: ´Social indicators are statistics that differ from usual statistics in several ways. They s...

Sales of China sports lottery modeled with GAMLSS distributions.