The dataset provides morphological, crystallographic, and surface chemistry data. Morphology is assessed via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), with particle size distribution measured at multiple magnifications (50kX, 100kX, 400kX), including average sizes and SDs. Specific surface area and band gaps are also reported. Crystallographic properties are characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) capturing crystallinity percentage, amorphous phase content, average crystallite size, and specific crystal structures. Surface chemistry is analyzed via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), providing elemental composition, binding energies for electron transitions, and % atomic concentration.

The dataset captures exposure conditions and cellular responses, of NM-induced cytotoxicity (WST-1), ROS quantification (DHR123, CellROX) and genotoxicity (53BP1, micronucleus chromosomal damage in binucleated cells using High-Content Analysis). It includes NM solution treatment (e.g., sonication), culture medium (e.g., DMEM), exposure concentration, and duration (h)