ERM is added to the original dataset. Human safety - exposure dataset captures occupational exposure data from Near-Field (NF), Far-Field (FF), and inside spray coating machinery monitoring campaigns, providing insights into aerosol generation during NEP coating process. Measurements were obtained using Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and Optical Particle Counter (OPC) to assess processing conditions and aerosol behaviour in industrial settings. Key aerosol-related parameters include particle number concentration in NF as an indicator of worker exposure, with SDs. Background conditions were assessed across various operational states, including when the spray process was inactive, ventilation running, and oven in operation. Particle size information of the process emissions in NF provides insight into the dynamic behaviour of aerosol particles indoors and in the human lungs. NM mass concentrations were measured in NF, inside the spray coating, and FF using Teflon filters, with Ti concentrations analysed by ICP-MS. Values were normalized by air volume (m³) to calculate NM mass concentrations (µg/m³), with SDs reflecting variability. The metadata folder contains extensive raw data, structured across three monitoring campaigns, with both on-line and off-line measurements in time-series formats. It includes NANEOS and OPC data, along with detailed records of additional parameters, offering a comprehensive source for exposure analysis. A detailed descriptor breakdown in Table S9. It is important to note that some metadata files contain additional data from monitoring campaigns; however, the necessary information to include the key descriptors that define each experiment was not available. As a result, these data could not be integrated into the Descriptors tab, where all results were systematically merged. This limitation affects the ability to directly link certain metadata records to the structured dataset but does not compromise the availability of raw exposure data.

The dataset builds on monitoring data including size distribution data such as differential number concentration (dN/dLog10(Dpi)), which tracks particle concentration per logarithmic size interval, and differential mass concentration (dm/dLog10(Dpi)). Emission rate determined through a mass flow model from referenced equations and modelled concentrations reflect simulated NM levels based on process parameters and environmental conditions, while simulated exposure levels estimate NM dispersion under various operational conditions based on reasonable worst-case scenarios. Finally, the Burden of Disease (BoD) concept was developed by using FF air emission data to model emission factors and rates (Koivisto et al. 2022, Koivisto et al. 2022a). To estimate population inhalation exposure and BoD, a multi-tier air emission assessment was developed, integrating monitoring campaigns and a bi-Gaussian plume model (IMPACT - Immission Prognosis Air Concentration Tool). The metadata folder includes the article and its supplementary materials.

The dataset focuses on hydrodynamics and surface charge properties. It includes the initial stock concentration (weight-based) and the diluted working concentration. Hydrodynamic diameter and PDI are measured using DLS in suspension, with SDs reported. Surface charge properties are assessed through ζ-potential measurements in water, recorded alongside SDs and pH values, using ELS. The isoelectric point is reported, indicating the pH at which NMs exhibit zero net surface charge. This dataset is complete, with no missing values.

The dataset captures media-dependent physicochemical properties and biological responses in in vitro lung models. Hydrodynamic diameter and PDI are measured via DLS at t₀ (immediately after preparation) and t₂₄ (24 hours later), with SD values reported. Exposure conditions include concentration (expressed as µg/mL), and time of exposure (h). Biological features include cell line, cell type, cell origin, and well format (e.g., 96-well plate). Cell viability is evaluated using Alamar Blue assays along with inflammation-ROS quantification, and genotoxicity (γH2AX).

Dermal exposure assessment dataset focuses on NM deposition and release under simulated use conditions. Laboratory tests were conducted to quantify dermal exposure (release rates) using the Crockmeter (EN ISO 105 X12:2016 – Part X12), simulating dermal contact abrasion and measuring Ti release (ng/cm²) for both unwashed and washed samples. The dataset quantifies Ti release and retention after durability testing. The missing values are not actual data gaps but result from the dataset structure, where the last columns separately record cotton concentration from released particles and remaining Ti in the textile considering different sample dimension and number of fabric pieces processed. The apparent similarity in missing data arises because identical experiments are represented, but with different output variables recorded independently.

The dataset captures exposure conditions and cellular responses, of NM-induced cytotoxicity (WST-1), ROS quantification (DHR123, CellROX) and genotoxicity (53BP1, micronucleus chromosomal damage in binucleated cells using High-Content Analysis). It includes NM solution treatment (e.g., sonication), culture medium (e.g., DMEM), exposure concentration, and duration (h)

The dataset captures release measurements tracking Ti leaching from coated textiles after washing via various filtration pore sizes (μm, kDa) that defines particulate retention, distinguishing between particulate and dissolved forms. Release (mg/L) quantifies Ti loss, providing insights into potential environmental exposure risks during laundering.

The dataset provides toxicity testing in intestinal cell models and includes exposure conditions, and cellular responses such as cell viability (WST-1), ROS quantification (DHR123), and genotoxicity (53BP1).

From the exposure campaigns (10.5281/zenodo.16641460) the alveolar retained doses (μg/cm²) from Multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model (10.5281/zenodo.16642495) were then translated into real occupational exposure doses and tested in Tier 2 advanced in vitro models, using A549 cells co-cultured with alveolar macrophages derived from THP-1 monocytes (Motta et al. 2024). σ_Ηuman lung_real dose.xlsx dataset includes physicochemical properties, and biological responses of NM (not NEP_ID), supporting hazard evaluation. Biological responses assess NM effects on the cell lines under exposure conditions (ng/cm², h). Cytotoxicity is measured via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (%), while inflammatory responses are evaluated through fold changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Interleukins 8, 6 and 1β (IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β).