As of 2023, the country from which EU member states imported the most was from Germany, followed by the Netherlands. In terms of non-EU exporters to the EU, China is currently the largest trading partner, accounting for 8 percent of all imports in 2023 - a tenfold increase in its share of EU imports since 1988. Other exporters who have grown to be important trading partners for EU countries in recent decades include the post-communist countries of Poland and Czechia, both of whom joined the EU in 2004. Poland's share of EU imports has more than doubled, from 1.4 percent to 3.8 percent, in the period since its entry into the EU, while Czechia's has increased from 1.3 percent to 2.8 percent over the same period. Several exporters have declined in relative importance for EU countries during this period, with the United Kingdom, United States, France, and Italy seeing their shares decline. The United Kingdom in particular has seen its share of EU imports drop to nearly a third of their 1997 level, when the UK made up 7.2 percent of all imports into EU countries. The UK reported a significant drop in 2021, the first full year after the country left the EU, however, the UK's share of EU imports has slightly risen in subsequent years.

The European Union has experienced a shift in its biggest trade partners since the early 2000s. Over the past two decades, the share of EU imports flowing from China has more than doubled, from around 8 percent in 2002 to over 20 percent in 2024, making China the EU's largest external import partner. At the same time, the proportion of total imports coming from the United Kingdom, which was historically a large importer to EU countries (the UK was an EU member state until 2020), have more than halved, from 18 percent to less than 7 percent. This secular trend existed before the UK voted to leave the EU in 2016, however, there has been a notable drop in imports from the UK since Brexit was enacted in 2020. By contrast the share of the EU's import trade taken by the U.S., Switzerland, and the Rest of World have remained relatively stable over this period. The share of exports coming from Russia was growing steadily in the period before 2014, after which the EU imposed economic sanctions on Russia due to the illegal annexation of Crimea from Ukraine. Imports from Russia collapsed in 2023, due to the effect of the additional economic sanctions placed on Russia in response to the full scale invasion of Ukraine in February of 2022.The Russian Federation is now only the tenth-largest exporter to the EU, after India, Japan, and South Korea.

The following dataset shows the volume of trade of the European Union countries with Iran. One can observe a significant drop in both imports and exports (the year 2012 meant tightening of sanctions, which clearly limited the import of Iranian products to the EU). After lifting the sanctions it is expected to substantially increase the level of trade in the next few years at least to the numbers of 2005, although according to many forecasts, historical levels should also be exceeded.

Electric bike imports to the European Union reached more than one million units in 2018 before dropping to 706,000 in 2019. Import numbers began to rise again in the subsequent years and totalled nearly 1.2 million units in 2022. In 2023, imports dropped substantially to around 865,000 units.

Key information about Belgium Total Imports

• Belgium Total Imports recorded 41.5 USD bn in Nov 2024, compared with a value of 46.2 USD bn in the previous month
• Belgium Total Imports data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1993 to Nov 2024, with an average number of 30.9 USD bn
• The data reached an all-time high of 57.5 USD bn in Mar 2022 and a record low of 7.9 USD bn in Jul 1993

• In the latest reports, Belgium Total Imports dropped 8.4 % YoY in Nov 2024
• Total Exports dropped 9.7 % YoY, to 42.1 USD bn in Nov 2024
• Belgium Trade Balance recorded a surplus of 583.0 USD mn in Nov 2024

Non-motorised bicycle imports to the European Union were relatively stable between 2013 and 2020, with import figures varying between *** million units and *** million units. In 2021, imports rose to *** million units, as demand for bicycles increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. By 2023, bicycle imports had dropped to under *** million units, the lowest level in the past ten years.

From January to December 2021, the European Union imported some 7.1 billion euros worth of medium and heavy commercial vehicles (MHCV) - vehicles weighing more than five metric tons - and buses, while exporting 12.96 billion euros worth of vehicles in return.

MHCV and buses: international trade was a profitable market Over the course of the past four years, the EU bus and MHCV market has seen a consistently positive trade balance which amounted to some 3.9 billion euros in the first eleven months of 2020. The trade surplus came amid a drop in both imports and exports from the previous year due in part to the Covid-19 pandemic which led to a slow-down of manufacturing plants' activities and tepid demand in a time of global economic uncertainty.

The leading source of exports was intra-Europe trade Turkey was the main country of origin for the European Union's commercial vehicle imports, dwarfing other countries by taking up more than half the European trade in value. This was due in part to the wide number of manufacturing plants owned by European manufacturers in the country. By contrast, countries from the European Free Trade Association and former EU-members were the leading destinations for MHCV exports. The United Kingdom had the highest trade in value, followed by Norway and Switzerland. This showcases the importance of trade partners in European territories outside the EU for the Union.

European Import of Throat Pastilles and Cough Drops by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Euro Area recorded a trade surplus of 16180.90 EUR Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Balance of Trade - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Key information about Belgium Total Imports Growth

• Belgium Total Imports dropped 8.4 % YoY in Nov 2024, compared with a decrease of 4.5 % YoY in the previous month
• Belgium Total Imports Growth data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1994 to Nov 2024, with an averaged rate of 5.6 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 52.6 % in Aug 2022 and a record low of -28.4 % in Apr 2009

• In the latest reports, Belgium Total Imports recorded 41.5 USD bn in Nov 2024
• Total Exports reached 42.1 USD bn in Nov 2024, which registered a decrease of 9.7 % year on year
• Belgium Trade Balance recorded a surplus of 583.0 USD mn in Nov 2024

European Import of Throat Pastilles and Cough Drops Share by Country (Kilograms), 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Electric bike imports to the European Union reached more than *********** units in 2018 before dropping to ******* in 2019. Import numbers began to rise again in the subsequent years and totalled nearly *********** units in 2022. In 2024, imports dropped substantially to around ******* units.

In early 2025, EU ferrous scrap exports slightly declined by 0.1% to 2.98 million tons. Turkey remains the top importer, despite a 2.2% decrease. EU steel production growth impacts export trends.

In 1950, the Netherlands' volume of exports was 171 percent the rate it had been in 1913 (i.e., it was 1.7 times larger), but this figure grew to be more than 1,600 percent by 1973, which was the largest change in Western Europe. 1913 was the year before the First World War, and 1950 marked the end of the recovery period after the Second World War for most countries in Western Europe. Across these years, the most considerable change in export volumes was in Scandinavian countries, a region that saw rapid economic development in this period and whose level of devastation from the wars was much lower than most of the other countries listed here. The emergence of the Scandinavian and Dutch shipping industries also contributed significantly to their export sectors. Declines in Austria and Germany The only countries listed who saw a decrease in export volumes between 1913 and 1950 were Austria and Germany, where exports fell by 68 and 65 percent, respectively. Of the countries listed, these were the only ones to have been defeated in the war. Not only were much of their resources invested into recovery, but these countries were obligated to pay reparations for their roles in the Second World War via industrial and mechanical exports, rather than financial payments, which is one contributing factor to their lower export volumes. Territorial differences between 1913 and 1950 also played a large part in this, as both countries lost a significant share of their natural resources and industry due to the wars. Increased integration Despite this, the United Kingdom eventually saw the lowest growth in export volumes between 1913 and 1973. This was due to the fact that the British Empire had been the largest exporter in the world going into the First World War, but had lost the majority of its territories by 1973. The UK was also reluctant to join the Economic Communities in later decades, and the lack of integration meant that trade between the UK and the mainland had additional tariffs and barriers that were not in place for member states. Unrestricted trade and cooperation between nations, particularly concerning high-quality, manufactured goods, became a defining aspect of Western European trade in the late 20th century. European imports from Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania dropped from roughly one-third to 18 percent between 1938 and 1970, while exports to these regions also dropped by a very similar rate.

This dataset contains the underling raw data of IAM COMPACT "Study 4 - EU Industry". The study started from stakeholders’ questions around relocation of European Industries and associated impacts on costs, sustainability and labour and condensed these into two sub-studies: The first one analysed the European steel industry and a potential relocation thereof to other world regions because of high energy and CO2 prices in the EU. The second one addressed – in the context of potential re-shoring of critical net-zero technologies to the EU – the raw material demand for upscaling solar and wind technologies in four global regions, including the EU (section 3 of D4.7 (Holtz et al., 2023)). The first sub-study on the EU steel industry involved the soft-linking of several models to assess the potential impact of different degrees of trade restrictions for steel. Three scenarios are analysed in each of which all countries implement their current climate policies and achieve the GHG emissions reduction targets set in their respective NDCs and in their long-term targets, but different steel-related trade constraints are assumed in the three scenarios: “NDC_LTT” scenario: no trade restriction “CBAM” scenario: steel imports to the EU are penalized based on their CO2 footprint “INDEPENDENCE” scenario: steel production levels in the EU may not drop below the level of 2019 (which is guaranteed by subsidies provided for steel production) The second sub-study on raw material demand for upscaling solar and wind technologies builds on the three scenarios of the steel-related study (see above). Results from GCAM on renewables upscaling were used as an input to some modules of WILIAM which allowed to calculate the raw materials demands implied, which were then compared to current annual extraction and the known global reserves. The GCAM model was used to develop scenarios for the steel production in different global regions considering trade and trade restrictions and all other model applications in this study built on these results. The three steel-related scenarios analysed with GCAM all build on the NDC_LTT scenario of study 1 used for the comparison of EU Fit-for-55 policy to a cost-optimal scenario (section 3 of D4.5 (Mittal et al., 2023)). Therefore, all policies included in the NDC_LTT scenario of Study 1 are implicitly included in Study 4 scenarios as well. However, these were not analysed specifically in Study 4. The policy measures explicitly addressed in Study 4 are related to steel trade. Furthermore, the CO2 price resulting from GCAM was used as an input by the WISEE EDM-I bottom-up steel model. Results of the study have been documented in D4.7 - Sectoral and cross-sectoral analysis (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.13839232)

This data set was used to generate the results in the paper 'Favorable trade-off between heat transfer and pressure drop in 3D printed baffled logpile catalyst structures', published in Chemical Engineering Research and Design by Leon R.S. Rosseau, Jord T.A. Jansen, Ivo Roghair and Martin van Sint Annaland (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2023.06.046). The data is ordered first by configuration, then by gap spacing and finally by relative baffle length (if applicable). The heatrun case folders contain the temperature, wall-heat flux and velocity distributions at steady state with heated walls. The rtdrun case folders contain the pressure and velocity distributions at steady state without heated walls. The E-curve sampling is available as numpy array, as the storage requirements for all of the individual time steps are too high. This data set and the corresponding paper are based on research undertaken in relation to a project (ZEOCAT-3D) which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, under Grant Agreement No. 814548. The authors would like to thank the EU Horizon 2020 program for this opportunity. This publication only reflects the author’s views and neither the funding Agency nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This work made use of the Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of the SURF Cooperative using grant no. EINF-1478 and grant no. EINF-3116.

In 2020, concentrated apple juice imports in the EU dropped twofold after peaking in 2007, from $1.2B to $0.6B. In physical terms, imports fell from 808K tons to 463K tons over this period. Germany represents the main European importer of concentrated apple juice, accounting for 34% of total import volume in the EU. Austria and the Netherlands, with a further combined 25%-share, follow Germany. From 2007 to 2020, Germany, Austria and the Netherlands recorded a slump in the value of imports.

Key information about Cyprus Total Imports

• Cyprus Total Imports recorded 1.4 USD bn in Dec 2024, compared with a value of 1.2 USD bn in the previous month
• Cyprus Total Imports data is updated monthly, available from Jan 2000 to Dec 2024, with an average number of 666.0 USD mn
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.9 USD bn in Jan 2023 and a record low of 244.3 USD mn in Feb 2001

• In the latest reports, Cyprus Total Imports grew 37.7 % YoY in Dec 2024
• Total Exports dropped 8.5 % YoY, to 376.0 USD mn in Dec 2024
• Cyprus Trade Balance recorded a deficit of 1.0 USD bn in Dec 2024

Germany's exports fell by 1.4% in May, raising concerns over economic stability amid US tariff negotiations. Imports also dropped, affecting the trade balance.

Revenue in Europe’s Convention and Trade Show Organisations industry is anticipated to drop at a compound annual rate of 7.2% to €30.4 billion over the five years through 2024. The sink in revenue over the period is predominantly due to the significant damage the COVID-19 outbreak inflicted on the sector, as convention and trade show organisations were shut down temporarily or operated at limited capacity. The industry has weathered unfavourable economic headwinds since the COVID-19 outbreak, as inflationary pressures hit the Eurozone, limiting significant investment into new projects, compounded by lacklustre business sentiment. As a result, convention and trade show organisations' revenue is set to decline by 1.5% in 2024. The industry's key clientele is the commercial enterprises whose participation in events like trade shows and conventions mainly depends on their economic outlook. Private individuals are more likely to attend events during a positive consumer climate. This directly influences the appeal for companies to showcase themselves as exhibitors at trade shows. Inflationary pressures are set to ease over 2024, with promising signs in the latter end of 2023 strengthening business and consumer sentiment to the benefit of the industry. Revenue is projected to swell at a compound annual rate of 4.2% over the five years through 2029 to €37,1 billion. The industry is set to benefit from Europe’s improving economy in the coming years as markets stabilise and clients begin to expand investment, requiring the services of convention and trade show organisations. The industry’s growth will be squeezed by growth in telecommunications and digitalisation after consumers were forced onto online teleconferencing amid COVID-19 disruptions to travel. Continued growth in online substitutes to the industry will prove detrimental to the industry, with convention and trade show organisations adapting by implementing their own digitalisation efforts.