As of the fiscal year 2021/2022, the government revenue amounted to close to ***** billion Egyptian pounds (comparable to ***** billion U.S. dollars). The majority of the budget funding came through general taxes and value added tax (VAT) at approximately *** billion and *** billion Egyptian pounds (***** billion and ***** billion U.S. dollars), respectively. Additionally, revenue from the Suez canal to the government amounted to ***** billion Egyptian pounds (**** billion U.S. dollars).

Egypt: Income from natural resources, percent of GDP: The latest value from 2021 is 5.14 percent, an increase from 3.26 percent in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 6.83 percent, based on data from 186 countries. Historically, the average for Egypt from 1970 to 2021 is 11 percent. The minimum value, 1.72 percent, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 32.51 percent was recorded in 1980.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the median household income in Egypt. It can be utilized to understand the trend in median household income and to analyze the income distribution in Egypt by household type, size, and across various income brackets.

Content

The dataset will have the following datasets when applicable

Please note: The 2020 1-Year ACS estimates data was not reported by the Census Bureau due to the impact on survey collection and analysis caused by COVID-19. Consequently, median household income data for 2020 is unavailable for large cities (population 65,000 and above).

• Egypt, AR Median Household Income Trends (2010-2021, in 2022 inflation-adjusted dollars)
• Median Household Income Variation by Family Size in Egypt, AR: Comparative analysis across 7 household sizes
• Income Distribution by Quintile: Mean Household Income in Egypt, AR
• Egypt, AR households by income brackets: family, non-family, and total, in 2022 inflation-adjusted dollars

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Interested in deeper insights and visual analysis?

Explore our comprehensive data analysis and visual representations for a deeper understanding of Egypt median household income. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents the median household income across different racial categories in Egypt. It portrays the median household income of the head of household across racial categories (excluding ethnicity) as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into economic disparities and trends and explore the variations in median houshold income for diverse racial categories.

Key observations

Based on our analysis of the distribution of Egypt population by race & ethnicity, the population is predominantly White. This particular racial category constitutes the majority, accounting for 96.88% of the total residents in Egypt. Notably, the median household income for White households is $29,479. Interestingly, White is both the largest group and the one with the highest median household income, which stands at $29,479.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race of the head of household: This column presents the self-identified race of the household head, encompassing all relevant racial categories (excluding ethnicity) applicable in Egypt.
• Median household income: Median household income, adjusting for inflation, presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Egypt median household income by race. You can refer the same here

Income share held by highest 20% in Egypt was reported at 38.6 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Egypt - Income share held by highest 20% - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Abstract

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)

The Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HIECS) is of great importance among other household surveys conducted by statistical agencies in various countries around the world. This survey provides a large amount of data to rely on in measuring the living standards of households and individuals, as well as establishing databases that serve in measuring poverty, designing social assistance programs, and providing necessary weights to compile consumer price indices, considered to be an important indicator to assess inflation.

The First Survey that covered all the country governorates was carried out in 1958/1959 followed by a long series of similar surveys. The current survey, HIECS 2015, is the twelfth in this long series. Starting 2008/2009, Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Surveys were conducted each two years instead of five years. this would enable better tracking of the rapid changes in the level of the living standards of the Egyptian households.

CAPMAS started in 2010/2011 to follow a panel sample of around 40% of the total household sample size. The current survey is the second one to follow a panel sample. This procedure will provide the necessary data to extract accurate indicators on the status of the society. The CAPMAS also is pleased to disseminate the results of this survey to policy makers, researchers and scholarly to help in policy making and conducting development related researches and studies

The survey main objectives are:

• To identify expenditure levels and patterns of population as well as socio- economic and demographic differentials.

• To measure average household and per-capita expenditure for various expenditure items along with socio-economic correlates.

• To Measure the change in living standards and expenditure patterns and behavior for the individuals and households in the panel sample, previously surveyed in 2008/2009, for the first time during 12 months representing the survey period.

• To define percentage distribution of expenditure for various items used in compiling consumer price indices which is considered important indicator for measuring inflation.

• To estimate the quantities, values of commodities and services consumed by households during the survey period to determine the levels of consumption and estimate the current demand which is important to predict future demands.

• To define average household and per-capita income from different sources.

• To provide data necessary to measure standard of living for households and individuals. Poverty analysis and setting up a basis for social welfare assistance are highly dependent on the results of this survey.

• To provide essential data to measure elasticity which reflects the percentage change in expenditure for various commodity and service groups against the percentage change in total expenditure for the purpose of predicting the levels of expenditure and consumption for different commodity and service items in urban and rural areas.

• To provide data essential for comparing change in expenditure against change in income to measure income elasticity of expenditure.

• To study the relationships between demographic, geographical, housing characteristics of households and their income.

• To provide data necessary for national accounts especially in compiling inputs and outputs tables.

• To identify consumers behavior changes among socio-economic groups in urban and rural areas.

• To identify per capita food consumption and its main components of calories, proteins and fats according to its nutrition components and the levels of expenditure in both urban and rural areas.

• To identify the value of expenditure for food according to its sources, either from household production or not, in addition to household expenditure for non-food commodities and services.

• To identify distribution of households according to the possession of some appliances and equipments such as (cars, satellites, mobiles ,…etc) in urban and rural areas that enables measuring household wealth index.

• To identify the percentage distribution of income earners according to some background variables such as housing conditions, size of household and characteristics of head of household.

• To provide a time series of the most important data related to dominant standard of living from economic and social perspective. This will enable conducting comparisons based on the results of these time series. In addition to, the possibility of performing geographical comparisons.

The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Agency were cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major project that started in 2009. During which extensive efforts have been exerted to acquire, clean, harmonize, preserve and disseminate micro data of existing household surveys in several Arab countries.

Geographic coverage

Covering a sample of urban and rural areas in all the governorates.

Analysis unit

1- Household/family. 2- Individual/person.

Universe

The survey covered a national sample of households and all individuals permanently residing in surveyed households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)

The sample of HIECS 2015 is a self-weighted two-stage stratified cluster sample. The main elements of the sampling design are described in the following.

1- Sample Size The sample size is around 25 thousand households. It was distributed between urban and rural with the percentages of 45% and 55%, respectively.

2- Cluster size The cluster size is 10 households in most governorates. It reached 20 households in Port-Said, Suez, Ismailiya, Damietta, Aswan and Frontier governorates, since the sample size in those governorates is smaller compared to others.

3- Sample allocation in different governorates 45% of the survey sample was allocated to urban areas (11260 households) and the other 55% was allocated to rural areas (13740 households). The sample was distributed on urban/rural areas in different governorates proportionally with the household size A sample size of a minimum of 1000 households was allocated to each governorate to ensure accuracy of poverty indicators. Therefore, the sample size was increased in Port-Said, Suez, Ismailiya, kafr el-Sheikh, Damietta, Bani Suef, Fayoum, Qena, Luxor and Aswan, by compensation from other governorates where the sample size exceeds a 1000 households. All Frontier governorates were considered as one governorate.

4- Core Sample The core sample is the master sample of any household sample required to be pulled for the purpose of studying the properties of individuals and families. It is a large sample and distributed on urban and rural areas of all governorates. It is a representative sample for the individual characteristics of the Egyptian society. This sample was implemented in January 2010 and its size reached more than 1 million household selected from 5024 enumeration areas distributed on all governorates (urban/rural) proportionally with the sample size (the enumeration area size is around 200 households). The core sample is the sampling frame from which the samples for the surveys conducted by CAPMAS are pulled, such as the Labor Force Surveys, Income, Expenditure And Consumption Survey, Household Urban Migration Survey, ...etc, in addition to other samples that may be required for outsources.

A more detailed description of the different sampling stages and allocation of sample across governorates is provided in the Methodology document available among external resources in Arabic.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three different questionnaires have been designed as following:

1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire. 2- Assisting questionnaire. 3- Income Questionnaire.

In designing the questionnaires of expenditure, consumption and income, we were taking into our consideration the following: - Using the recent concepts and definitions of International Labor Organization approved in the International Convention of Labor Statisticians held in Geneva, 2003. - Using the recent Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP). - Using more than one approach of expenditure measurement to serve many purposes of the survey.

A brief description of each questionnaire is given next:

----> 1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire This questionnaire comprises 14 tables in addition to identification and geographic data of household on the cover page. The questionnaire is divided into two main sections.

Section one: Household schedule and other information, it includes: - Demographic characteristics and basic data for all household individuals consisting of 25 questions for every person. - Members of household who are currently working abroad. - The household ration card. - The main outlets that provide food and beverage. - Domestic and foreign tourism. - The housing conditions including 16 questions. - Household ownership of means of transportation, communication and domestic appliances. - Date of purchase, status at purchase, purchase value and

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Egypt household income by gender. The dataset can be utilized to understand the gender-based income distribution of Egypt income.

Content

The dataset will have the following datasets when applicable

Please note: The 2020 1-Year ACS estimates data was not reported by the Census Bureau due to the impact on survey collection and analysis caused by COVID-19. Consequently, median household income data for 2020 is unavailable for large cities (population 65,000 and above).

• Egypt, AR annual median income by work experience and sex dataset : Aged 15+, 2010-2022 (in 2022 inflation-adjusted dollars)
• Egypt, AR annual income distribution by work experience and gender dataset (Number of individuals ages 15+ with income, 2021)

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Interested in deeper insights and visual analysis?

Explore our comprehensive data analysis and visual representations for a deeper understanding of Egypt income distribution by gender. You can refer the same here

Government Revenues in Egypt increased to 2625168 EGP Million in 2025 from 2543690 EGP Million in 2024. This dataset provides - Egypt Government Revenues- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Egypt Government Budget: Revenue: Others: Other Sources data was reported at 18,955.000 EGP mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,313.000 EGP mn for 2015. Egypt Government Budget: Revenue: Others: Other Sources data is updated yearly, averaging 7,832.000 EGP mn from Jun 2002 (Median) to 2017, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,833.000 EGP mn in 2009 and a record low of 2,663.000 EGP mn in 2011. Egypt Government Budget: Revenue: Others: Other Sources data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.F001: Consolidated Government Budget.

Tourism Revenues in Egypt increased to 14.40 USD Billion in 2024 from 13.60 USD Billion in 2023. This dataset provides - Egypt Tourism Revenues- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Abstract

The Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HIECS) provides a large amount of data to rely on in measuring the living standards of households and individuals, as well as establishing databases that serve in measuring poverty, designing social assistance programs, and providing necessary weights to compile consumer price indices, considered to be an important indicator to assess inflation.

The survey's main objectives are: - To identify expenditure levels and patterns of population as well as socio- economic and demographic differentials. - To measure average household and per-capita expenditure for various expenditure items along with socio-economic correlates. - To Measure the change in living standards and expenditure patterns and behavior for the individuals and households in the panel sample, previously surveyed in 2008/2009, for the first time during 12 months representing the survey period. - To define percentage distribution of expenditure for various items used in compiling consumer price indices which is considered important indicator for measuring inflation. - To estimate the quantities, values of commodities and services consumed by households during the survey period to determine the levels of consumption and estimate the current demand which is important to predict future demands. - To define average household and per-capita income from different sources. - To provide data necessary to measure standard of living for households and individuals. Poverty analysis and setting up a basis for social welfare assistance are highly dependent on the results of this survey. - To provide essential data to measure elasticity which reflects the percentage change in expenditure for various commodity and service groups against the percentage change in total expenditure for the purpose of predicting the levels of expenditure and consumption for different commodity and service items in urban and rural areas. - To provide data essential for comparing change in expenditure against change in income to measure income elasticity of expenditure. - To study the relationships between demographic, geographical, housing characteristics of households and their income. - To provide data necessary for national accounts especially in compiling inputs and outputs tables. - To identify consumers behavior changes among socio-economic groups in urban and rural areas. - To identify per capita food consumption and its main components of calories, proteins and fats according to its nutrition components and the levels of expenditure in both urban and rural areas. - To identify the value of expenditure for food according to its sources, either from household production or not, in addition to household expenditure for non-food commodities and services. - To identify distribution of households according to the possession of some appliances and equipments such as (cars, satellites, mobiles ,…etc) in urban and rural areas that enables measuring household wealth index. - To identify the percentage distribution of income earners according to some background variables such as housing conditions, size of household and characteristics of head of household.

Geographic coverage

Covering a sample of urban and rural areas in all the governorates.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The survey covered a national sample of households and all individuals permanently residing in surveyed households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample of HIECS 2010/2011 is a self-weighted two-stage stratified cluster sample of around 26500 households. The main elements of the sampling design are described below.

• Sample Size : It was deemed important to collect a smaller sample size (around 26.5 thousand households) compared to previous rounds due to the convergence in the time period over which the survey is conducted to be every two years instead of five years because of its importance. The sample was proportionally distributed on the governorate level between urban and rural areas, in order to make the sample representative even for small governorates.

• Cluster size : The cluster size was decreased compared to older surveys since large cluster sizes previously used were found to be too large to yield accepted design effect estimates (DEFT). As a result, a cluster size of only 16 households was used (that was increased to 18 households in urban governorates and Giza, in addition to urban areas in Helwan and 6th of October, to account for anticipated non-response in those governorates: in view of past experience indicating that non-response may almost be nil in rural governorates). While the cluster size for the panel sample was 4 households.

• Core Sample: The master sample of any household sample required to be pulled for the purpose of studying the properties of individuals and families. It is a large sample(1004800 household) that is distributed across urban and rural areas of all governorates.

A more detailed description of the different sampling stages and allocation of sample across governorates is provided in the Methodology document that is provided as an external resources in both Arabic and English.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three different questionnaires were used: 1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire: This questionnaire comprises 14 tables in addition to identification and geographic data of household. 2- Diary Questionnaire (Assisting questionnaire): This questionnaire was prepared to help households record - on a daily basis- the quantity and value of food and beverages consumed during the reference period (15 days). 3- Income Questionnaire: This questionnaire consists of several tables; each designated to a specific income source.

Cleaning operations

The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to clean and harmonize the datasets.

Response rate

For the total sample, the response rate was 93.0% (91.2% in urban areas and 95.6% in rural areas).

Sampling error estimates

The sampling error of major survey estimates has been derived using the Ultimate Cluster Method as applied in the CENVAR Module of the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) Package. In addition to the estimate of sampling error, the output includes estimates of coefficient of variation, design effect (DEFF) and 95% confidence intervals.

Data appraisal

Quality Control Procedures included: 1) Procedures implemented by the survey division a - Applying the recent international recommendations of different concepts and definitions of income and expenditure considering maintaining the consistency with the previous surveys in order to compare and study the changes in pertinent indicators. b - Evaluating the quality of data in all different Implementation stages to avoid or minimize errors to the lowest extent possible through:

Implementing field editing after finishing data collection for households in governorates to avoid any errors in suitable time. Setting up a program for the Survey Technical Committee Members and survey staff for visiting fieldwork in all governorates (each 15 days) to solve any problem in the proper time. For the purpose of quality assurance, tables were generated for each survey round where internal consistency checks were performed to study the plausibility of consistency of data collected.

2) Procedures implemented by the quality control general division a - It was put into consideration during the survey implementation to assign the quality control general division a core role in controlling the quality of the fieldwork to ensure data accuracy and avoid any errors in suitable time, as well as taking all the necessary measures to guarantee that mistakes are not repeated, with the application of the principle of reward and punishment, and announce the results to all those working in the survey. b - 24 quality control rounds (2 rounds weekly) covering all governorates were implemented. A complete report on the results of each round was produced and distributed to all workers in the survey.

The quality control procedures covered 73.2% of total kism/district in urban areas, 48.3% of rural districts, and 48% of total EAs of the new sample, where the percentage of inconsistencies did not exceed 2%. As for the panel sample, the quality control procedures covered 50.3% of total kism/district in urban areas, 16.9% of rural districts, and 14.2% of total EAs of the new sample, where the percentage of inconsistencies did not exceed 2.1%.

This statistic shows the distribution of the gross domestic product (GDP) across economic sectors in Egypt from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, agriculture contributed around 11.57 percent to the GDP of Egypt, 32.12 percent came from the industry and 51.28 percent from the service sector.

Egypt EG: GDP: Growth: Adjusted Net National Income per Capita data was reported at 2.758 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.429 % for 2015. Egypt EG: GDP: Growth: Adjusted Net National Income per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 2.463 % from Jun 1971 (Median) to 2016, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.355 % in 1991 and a record low of -10.552 % in 1979. Egypt EG: GDP: Growth: Adjusted Net National Income per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods in World Bank's 'The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium' (2011).; Weighted average;

Income share held by highest 10% in Egypt was reported at 24.6 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Egypt - Income share held by highest 10% - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Egypt Average Household Income: Value data was reported at 81,466.600 EGP in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 69,059.600 EGP for 2020. Egypt Average Household Income: Value data is updated yearly, averaging 37,342.750 EGP from Jun 2005 (Median) to 2022, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 81,466.600 EGP in 2022 and a record low of 13,457.900 EGP in 2005. Egypt Average Household Income: Value data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.H012: Average Household Income.

Egypt EG: GDP: Growth: Adjusted Net National Income data was reported at 4.852 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.708 % for 2015. Egypt EG: GDP: Growth: Adjusted Net National Income data is updated yearly, averaging 4.394 % from Jun 1971 (Median) to 2016, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.024 % in 1991 and a record low of -8.374 % in 1979. Egypt EG: GDP: Growth: Adjusted Net National Income data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods described in 'The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018: Building a Sustainable Future' (Lange et al 2018).; Weighted average;

Abstract

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)

The Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics (CAPMAS) is responsible for Implementation of statistics and data collection of various kinds, specializations, levels and performs many of the general censuses and economic surveys. One of the key aims of CAPMAS is to complete unified and comprehensive statistical work to keep up with all developments in various aspects of life and unifying standards, concepts and definitions of statistical terms, development of comprehensive information system as a tool for planning and development in all fields

The Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HIECS) is one important source to rely on for economic, social and demographic indicators, that are conducted every few years.

The HIECS 1999/2000 is the seventh Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey that was carried out in 1999/2000, among a long series of similar surveys that started back in 1955.

The survey main objectives are: - To estimate the quantities, values of commodities and services consumed by households during the survey period to estimate the current demand and determine the levels of consumption for commodities and services essential for national planning. - To measure mean household and per-capita expenditure on different goods and services in urban and rural areas. - To define mean household and per-capita income. - To define percentage distribution of expenditure for various expenditure items used in compiling consumer price indices for different expenditure levels on urban and rural levels. - To provide essential data to measure elasticity which reflects the percentage change in expenditure for various commodity and service groups against the percentage change in total expenditure for the purpose of predicting the levels of expenditure and consumption for different commodity and service items in urban and rural areas and different levels of total expenditure. - To provide data essential for comparing change in expenditure against change in income to measure income elasticity of expenditure. - To study the relationships between demographic, geographical, housing characteristics of households and their income and expenditure for commodities and services, in urban and rural areas. - To provide data necessary for national accounts especially in compiling inputs and outputs tables, and commodity balances. - To provide updated data on Income, Expenditure and Consumption estimates in 1999/2000 to serve planners, investors and researchers. - To identify expenditure levels and patterns of population and consumers behavior in urban and rural areas. - To identify per capita food consumption and its main components of calories, proteins and fats according to its sources and the levels of expenditure in both urban and rural areas. - To identify the value of expenditure for food according to sources, either from household production or not, in addition to household expenditure for non food commodities and services. - To identify distribution of households according to the possession of some appliances and equipments such as (cars, satellites, mobiles ...) in urban and rural areas. - To identify the distribution of households according to the number of members, compared to the number of rooms occupied by the household. - To provide the distribution of households by income categories, income sources and number of income earners. - To provide the distribution of number of waged workers in the household by their income range, economic activity, sector and main occupation.

A committee consisting of Experts of the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Experts of the Ministry of Planning, Experts from NIB and Egyptian university professors, has been formed based on the decree number (28) for the year 1998 of the Minister of State for Planning and International Cooperation, to study and prepare Expenditure and Consumption Estimates Survey in the Arab Republic of Egypt and follow up on the implementation of the research procedures.

A timetable has been prepared for the implementation of every stage of this survey, which started in 01/04/1999. It was taken into account in this timetable the coordination between the work phases, so that these stages were conducted in parallel, where the coding and office audit would start immediately upon completion of the monthly data collection phase. Data for which forms are completed, coded and reviewed was entered on personal computers during the same month.

Specialized working groups were formed for each stage of the survey work and trained according to intensive training programs for each phase. Those stages were supervised by experts of the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics in the field of family research.

All collected data has been prepared on personal computers within the statistics division where 22 of the latest generations of devices were used, on which was installed the most updated software for data entry and validation.

The survey management prepared a report for essential commodities to indentify the minimum and maximum price for those goods during each month of the survey. This report was sent to the statistical offices in all governorates to be filled from their sources by auditors, supervisors and delivered to the survey management with all forms collected to be used during the central office audit stage.

The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Agency were cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major project that started in 2009. During which extensive efforts have been exerted to acquire, clean, harmonize, preserve and disseminate micro data of existing household surveys in several Arab countries.

Geographic coverage

Covering a sample of urban and rural areas in all the governorates.

Analysis unit

1- Household/family. 2- Individual/person.

Universe

The survey covered a national sample of households and all individuals permanently residing in surveyed households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)

A large sample representative for urban and rural areas in all governorates has been designed by CAPMAS in March 1999 for the HIECS 1999/2000.

In previous surveys, CAPMAS used to select a sample of around 15000 households from 500 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). For HIECS 1999/2000, a sample of about 48000 households has been considered from 600 PSUs, 28800 households in urban (360 PSUs) and 19200 households in rural (240 PSUs), distributed over 12 months (4000 households monthly).

The master sample is a strata-area-unbiased-probability proportion to size sample. The 1996 census data, the population estimates for the year 2000, as well as the number of shiakha/village in each governorate were used for the distribution of PSUs on different strata during the first sampling stage. The sampling unit in the first sampling stage was taken to be the PSU consisting of at least 1500 households in urban areas and 1000 households in rural areas. While the sampling unit for the second stage whether in urban or rural areas was the household.

A more detailed description of the different sampling stages and allocation of sample across governorates is provided in the Methodology document available among the documentation materials published in both Arabic and English.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three different questionnaires have been designed as following: 1- Expenditure and consumption questionnaire 1999/2000. 2- Diary questionnaire for expenditure and consumption 1999/2000. 3- Income questionnaire.

A brief description of each questionnaire is given next:

1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire

This questionnaire comprises 14 tables in addition to identification and geographic data of household on the cover page. The questionnaire is divided into two main sections. Section one: Basic information which includes: - Demographic characteristics and basic data for all household individuals consisting of 15 questions for every person, in a table of 10 columns (1 column per person) on two pages so that each table contains data for 20 persons. - Household visitors during the month of the survey. - Members of household who are currently working abroad. - The household ration card. - The housing conditions including 18 questions. - The household possession of appliances including 23 type of appliance. This section includes some questions which help to define the socio-economic level of households which in turn, help interviewers to check the plausibility of expenditure, consumption and income data.

Section two: Expenditure and consumption data It includes 14 tables as follows: - The quantity and value of food and beverages commodities actually consumed. - The quantity and value of the actual consumption of tobacco and narcotics. - The quantity and value of the clothing and footwear. - The household expenditure for housing. - The household expenditure for furnishings, household equipment and services. - The household

Egypt GDP per capita for 2023 was $3,457, a 18.33% decline from 2022.

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<li>Egypt GDP per capita for 2022 was <strong>$4,233</strong>, a <strong>10.61% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Egypt GDP per capita for 2021 was <strong>$3,827</strong>, a <strong>9.01% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>Egypt GDP per capita for 2020 was <strong>$3,511</strong>, a <strong>18.5% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

As of the first half of fiscal year 2022/2023, the government revenues in Egypt were at roughly 686.8 billion Egyptian pounds (which is comparable to 22.23 billion U.S. dollars). Furthermore, the fiscal revenues amounted to close to1,326 billion U.S. dollars (42.92 billion U.S. dollars). This was higher than the value for FY2020/2021, which amounted to around 1,109 billion Egyptian pounds (35.9 billion U.S. dollars). From 2016/2017 onwards, the revenues generated by the government has been following a positive trend. With taxes being the largest share of government revenue, the Egyptian Ministry of Finance plansto broaden its value-added tax (VAT) base from 70 thousand to 550 thousand enterprises. This move plans to combat the shadow economy and improve financial inclusion. Furthermore, the government expenditure exceeded the revenues generated throughout the period under review, which led to a fiscal deficit.

Egypt EG: GDP: USD: Adjusted Net National Income data was reported at 299.192 USD bn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 298.588 USD bn for 2015. Egypt EG: GDP: USD: Adjusted Net National Income data is updated yearly, averaging 39.659 USD bn from Jun 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 299.192 USD bn in 2016 and a record low of 7.329 USD bn in 1970. Egypt EG: GDP: USD: Adjusted Net National Income data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods described in 'The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018: Building a Sustainable Future' (Lange et al 2018).; Gap-filled total;