As of 2024, approximately 4.74 million inhabitants in Finland were Finnish-speaking. While the majority of the population have Finnish as their first language, around 285,400 people spoke Swedish as their first language, and 2,077 people were Sami-speaking. In 2024, the number of people speaking other languages increased to over 610,100.

As of 2024, the largest groups of non-Finnish speaking people in Finland lived in the capital region Uusimaa. There were roughly 1.31 million Finnish speakers, over 128,000 Swedish speakers, and 339,500 speakers of other languages living in Uusimaa. In Åland, individuals with Swedish as their first language were the largest group, with approximately 26,100 speakers. The most Sami-speaking people, around 1,587, lived in the region of Lapland.

In 2022, around ** percent of the people living in the Oulu region in Finland spoke Finnish, followed by approximately *** thousand (*** percent) Russian speakers. Other languages spoken were Arabic, English, Chinese, and Swedish.

This survey charted the political views of eligible voters in the 2011 Finnish parliamentary elections. The data were collected in both Finnish and Swedish. This dataset contains the interviews in Finnish (see FSD2726 for the data on Swedish-speaking population). Questions in the interview are for the most part the same in both datasets; the questions about language policy differ somewhat and there were added questions about language for Swedish-speakers. The data are also available in Swedish. The respondents' interest in politics and frequency of discussing political and societal matters were first investigated. Views were probed on whether they felt closer to one political party than the others. The respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with several statements relating to Finnish politics and society (e.g. whether important national issues should be decided in a referendum more often and whether the second official language should be an obligatory subject at school). Perceptions on the performance of the government and trust in different institutions and persons (e.g. the president, politicians, police) were examined. The final set of questions focused on the respondents' voting habits in the latest parliamentary elections. They were asked whether they had voted, when they had voted, to which party their candidate belonged, whether the party or candidate was more important when voting and how much certain reasons affected party choice. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's gender, year of birth, highest level of education, religiosity, economic activity and occupational status, household composition, employment status, financial circumstances of family, language spoken at home, proficiency in Swedish, languages used in the neighbourhood, language spoken at work or studies, and region of residence (NUTS3).

Background: The reduction of child and adolescent deaths (defined as decedents aged 0–19 years) remains a crucial public health priority also in high-income countries such as Finland. There is evidence of a relationship between socioeconomic gradients and child mortality, but the association is considered complex and relatively poorly understood. Exploiting a Finnish dataset with nationwide coverage, the present study aimed to shed light on the sociodemographic predictors of child and adolescent mortality at the municipality level.Methods: A public database of Statistics Finland was queried for municipality-level data on sociodemographic traits and child and adolescent deaths in Finland during the years 2011–2018. The sociodemographic indicators included total population size, child and adolescent population size, sex distribution, mean age, education, unemployment, median income, population density, rurality, percentage of individuals living in their birth municipality, household size, overcrowded households, foreign language speakers, divorce rate, car ownership rate, and crime rate. The sociodemographic indicators were modeled against child and adolescent mortality by means of generalized estimating equations.Results: A total of 2,371 child and adolescent deaths occurred during the 8-year study period, yielding an average annual mortality rate of 26.7 per 100,000 individuals. Despite a fluctuating trend, the average annual decline in child and adolescent deaths was estimated to be 3% (95% confidence interval 1–5%). Of the sociodemographic indicators, population density was associated with higher child and adolescent mortality (rate ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.06), whereas the percentage of foreign language speakers was associated with lower child and adolescent mortality (0.96, 0.93–0.99).Conclusion: Densely populated areas should be the primary focus of efforts to reduce child and adolescent mortality. Of note is also the apparently protective effect of foreign language speakers for premature mortality. Future studies are welcomed to scrutinize the mediating pathways and individual-level factors behind the associations detected in this study.