In 2024, Russia had the largest population among European countries at ***** million people. The next largest countries in terms of their population size were Turkey at **** million, Germany at **** million, the United Kingdom at **** million, and France at **** million. Europe is also home to some of the world’s smallest countries, such as the microstates of Liechtenstein and San Marino, with populations of ****** and ****** respectively. Europe’s largest economies Germany was Europe’s largest economy in 2023, with a Gross Domestic Product of around *** trillion Euros, while the UK and France are the second and third largest economies, at *** trillion and *** trillion euros respectively. Prior to the mid-2000s, Europe’s fourth-largest economy, Italy, had an economy that was of a similar sized to France and the UK, before diverging growth patterns saw the UK and France become far larger economies than Italy. Moscow and Istanbul the megacities of Europe Two cities on the eastern borders of Europe were Europe’s largest in 2023. The Turkish city of Istanbul, with a population of 15.8 million, and the Russian capital, Moscow, with a population of 12.7 million. Istanbul is arguably the world’s most famous transcontinental city with territory in both Europe and Asia and has been an important center for commerce and culture for over 2,000 years. Paris was the third largest European city with a population of ** million, with London being the fourth largest at *** million.

In 2024, Germany was the leading EU country in terms of population, with around 85 million inhabitants. In 2050, approximately 89.2 million people will live in Germany, according to the forecast. See the total EU population figures for more information. The global population The global population is rapidly increasing. Between 1990 and 2015, it increased by around 2 billion people. Furthermore, it is estimated that the global population will have increased by another 1 billion by 2030. Asia is the continent with the largest population, followed by Africa and Europe. In Asia,the two most populous nations worldwide are located, China and India. In 2014, the combined population in China and India alone amounted to more than 2.6 billion people. for comparison, the total population in the whole continent of Europe is at around 741 million people. As of 2014, about 60 percent of the global population was living in Asia, with only approximately 10 percent in Europe and even less in the United States. Europe is the continent with the second-highest life expectancy at birth in the world, only barely surpassed by Northern America. In 2013, the life expectancy at birth in Europe was around 78 years. Stable economies and developing and emerging markets in European countries provide for good living conditions. Seven of the top twenty countries in the world with the largest gross domestic product in 2015 are located in Europe.

As of 2023, ******* was the largest country in the European Union in terms of population. The central European country comprised almost one-fifth of the total population of the EU in that year, with ****** in second place with ***** percent, and ***** in third at ***** percent. While there are ** member states of the European Union in total, approximately two-thirds of the population of the bloc is made up by the * largest countries: Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Romania, and the Netherlands. Of the remaining ** member states, no country makes up more than * percent of the EU's total population, with the smallest country, Malta, comprising just **** percent of the total.

Russia is the largest country in Europe, and also the largest in the world, its total size amounting to 17 million square kilometers (km2). It should be noted, however, that over three quarters of Russia is located in Asia, and the Ural mountains are often viewed as the meeting point of the two continents in Russia; nonetheless, European Russia is still significantly larger than any other European country. Ukraine, the second largest country on the continent, is only 603,000 km2, making it about 28 times smaller than its eastern neighbor, or seven times smaller than the European part of Russia. France is the third largest country in Europe, but the largest in the European Union. The Vatican City, often referred to as the Holy Sea, is both the smallest country in Europe and in the world, at just one km2. Population Russia is also the most populous country in Europe. It has around 144 million inhabitants across the country; in this case, around three quarters of the population live in the European part, which still gives it the largest population in Europe. Despite having the largest population, Russia is a very sparsely populated country due to its size and the harsh winters. Germany is the second most populous country in Europe, with 83 million inhabitants, while the Vatican has the smallest population. Worldwide, India and China are the most populous countries, with approximately 1.4 billion inhabitants each. Cities Moscow in Russia is ranked as the most populous city in Europe with around 13 million inhabitants, although figures vary, due to differences in the methodologies used by countries and sources. Some statistics include Istanbul in Turkey* as the largest city in Europe with its 15 million inhabitants, bit it has been excluded here as most of the country and parts of the city is located in Asia. Worldwide, Tokyo is the most populous city, with Jakarta the second largest and Delhi the third.

The average for 2023 based on 27 countries was 272670 refugees. The highest value was in Germany: 2593007 refugees and the lowest value was in Slovenia: 10525 refugees. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The population of Europe was estimated to be 745 million in 2024, an increase of around 4 million when compared with 2012. Over 35 years between 1950 and 1985, the population of Europe grew by approximately 157.8 million. But 35 years after 1985 it was estimated to have only increased by around 38.7 million. Since the 1960s, population growth in Europe has fallen quite significantly and was even negative during the mid-1990s. While population growth has increased slightly since the low of -0.07 percent in 1998, the growth rate for 2020 was just 0.04 percent. Which European country has the biggest population? As of 2024, the population of Russia was estimated to be approximately 144.8 million and was by far Europe's largest country in terms of population, with Turkey being the second-largest at over 87 million. While these two countries both have territory in Europe, however, they are both only partially in Europe, with the majority of their landmasses being in Asia. In terms of countries wholly located on the European continent, Germany had the highest population at 84.5 million, and was followed by the United Kingdom and France at 69.1 million and 66.5 million respectively. Characteristics of Europe's population There are approximately 384.6 million females in Europe, compared with 359.5 million males, a difference of around 25 million. In 1950, however, the male population has grown faster than the female one, with the male population growing by 104.7 million, and the female one by 93.6 million. As of 2024, the single year of age with the highest population was 37, at 10.6 million, while in the same year there were estimated to be around 136 thousand people aged 100 or over.

In 2020, Germany remained the largest population in the European Union with over 83 million inhabitants. Most European countries have a larger female than male population. Only in Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Serbia, and Sweden constitute men the majority of inhabitants. Germany had the largest population of both genders in Europe, with 42.1 million women and 41 million men.

On the occasion of the German EU Presidency, the attitudes of the population towards the EU and in particular the role of the EU in the world were examined. Topics: 1. Significance of the European Union: frequency of information on political issues; Germany´s role in the world (less cooperation with other countries, continue to cooperate with other countries in the same way as before or further strengthen cooperation with other countries); significance of different regions in terms of their influence in the world (European Union (EU), USA, China, Africa, Russia, Germany); interest in European policy; associations with the EU; assessment of the development of the EU. 2. The European Union as a global player: EU influence in the world on the following issues: Economy and trade, digitalisation, climate protection, world peace, respect for democratic values, respect for human rights; importance of EU unity in foreign policy issues; expected development of EU unity in foreign policy; opinion on cooperation with other regions (USA, China, Africa, Russia, Turkey); EU and world powers: largest competing world power in economic terms (China, Russia, USA, others); pioneering role of various countries and regions in digitisation (EU, USA, China, Africa, Russia, Germany); progress of the EU in digitisation; pioneering role of various countries and regions in global climate protection (EU, USA, China, Africa, Russia, Germany); progress of the EU in climate protection 3. Germany and the European Union: Awareness of Germany´s assumption of the EU Council Presidency; expectations of the German EU Council Presidency in terms of its influence on EU policy; importance of various topics for the German EU Council Presidency (e.g. protecting the EU´s external borders, strengthening cohesion among EU member states, stabilising the euro, working closely together on defence policy, etc.) ); rather advantages or disadvantages of Germany´s membership in the EU; satisfaction with German European policy; opinion on Germany´s influence in the EU; hypothetical decision in a referendum on the EU; attitude towards EU enlargement; conditions for candidates for EU enlargement (economic stability, democratic values and stability, cultural values, other, no conditions). Demography: sex; age; age groups (total); German nationality; party sympathy; highest educational attainment; employment; occupational status; net household income (grouped); household size; number of persons in household aged 18 and over; local size (BIK); region (federal state). Additionally coded: Respondent ID; split identification (representative/ boost); weight. Aus Anlass der deutschen EU-Ratspräsidentschaft wurden die Einstellungen der Bevölkerung zur EU und insbesondere zur Rolle der EU in der Welt untersucht. Themen: 1. Bedeutung der Europäischen Union: Häufigkeit der Information über politische Themen; Deutschlands Rolle in der Welt (weniger mit anderen Ländern zusammenarbeiten, genauso wie bisher mit anderen Ländern zusammenarbeiten oder die Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Ländern weiter stärken); Bedeutung verschiedener Regionen hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses in der Welt (Europäische Union (EU), USA, China, Afrika, Russland, Deutschland); Interesse an Europapolitik; Assoziationen zur EU; Bewertung der Entwicklung der EU. 2. Die Europäische Union als globaler Player: Einfluss der EU in der Welt bei folgenden Themen: Wirtschaft und Handel, Digitalisierung, Klimaschutz, Weltfrieden, Einhaltung demokratischer Werte, Einhaltung der Menschenrechte; Wichtigkeit der Geschlossenheit der EU in außenpolitischen Fragen; erwartete Entwicklung der außenpolitischen Geschlossenheit der EU; Meinung zur Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Regionen (USA, China, Afrika, Russland, Türkei); EU und Weltmächte: größte konkurrierende Weltmacht in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht (China, Russland, USA, sonstiges); Vorreiterrolle verschiedener Länder und Regionen in der Digitalisierung (EU, USA, China, Afrika, Russland, Deutschland); Fortschritte der EU bei der Digitalisierung; Vorreiterrolle verschiedener Länder und Regionen beim weltweiten Klimaschutz (EU, USA, China, Afrika, Russland, Deutschland); Fortschritte der EU beim Klimaschutz. 3. Deutschland und die Europäische Union: Bekanntheit der Übernahme der EU-Ratspräsidentschaft durch Deutschland; Erwartungen an die deutsche EU-Ratspräsidentschaft im Hinblick auf den Einfluss auf die EU-Politik; Wichtigkeit verschiedener Themen für die deutsche EU-Ratspräsidentschaft (z.B. Außengrenzen der EU schützen, Zusammenhalt unter den Mitgliedsstaaten der EU stärken, den Euro stabilisieren, in der Verteidigungspolitik eng zusammenarbeiten, etc.); eher Vorteile oder Nachteile durch die Mitgliedschaft Deutschlands in der EU; Zufriedenheit mit der deutschen Europapolitik; Meinung zum Einfluss Deutschlands auf die EU; hypothetische Entscheidung in einem Referendum zur EU; Einstellung zu EU-Erweiterung; Bedingungen für Beitrittskandidaten zur EU-Erweiterung (wirtschaftliche Stabilität, demokratische Werte und Stabilität, kulturelle Werte, Sonstiges, keine Bedingungen). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Altersgruppen (gesamt); deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit; Parteisympathie; höchster Bildungsabschluss; Erwerbstätigkeit; Berufliche Stellung; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen (gruppiert); Haushaltsgröße; Anzahl Personen im Haushalt ab 18 Jahren; Ortsgröße (BIK); Region (Bundesland). Zusätzlich verkodet wurden: Befragten ID; Splitkennung (Repräsentativ/ Boost); Gewicht.

The empirical dataset is derived from a survey carried out on 25 estates in 14 cities in nine different European countries: France (Lyon), Germany (Berlin), Hungary (Budapest and Nyiregyha´za), Italy (Milan), the Netherlands (Amsterdam and Utrecht), Poland (Warsaw), Slovenia (Ljubljana and Koper), Spain (Barcelona and Madrid), and Sweden (Jo¨nko¨ping and Stockholm). The survey was part of the EU RESTATE project (Musterd & Van Kempen, 2005). A similar survey was constructed for all 25 estates.

The survey was carried out between February and June 2004. In each case, a random sample was drawn, usually from the whole estate. For some estates, address lists were used as the basis for the sample; in other cases, the researchers first had to take a complete inventory of addresses themselves (for some deviations from this general trend and for an overview of response rates, see Musterd & Van Kempen, 2005). In most cities, survey teams were hired to carry out the survey. They worked under the supervision of the RESTATE partners. Briefings were organised to instruct the survey teams. In some cases (for example, in Amsterdam and Utrecht), interviewers were recruited from specific ethnic groups in order to increase the response rate among, for example, the Turkish and Moroccan residents on the estates. In other cases, family members translated questions during a face-to-face interview. The interviewers with an immigrant background were hired in those estates where this made sense. In some estates it was not necessary to do this because the number of immigrants was (close to) zero (as in most cases in CE Europe).

The questionnaire could be completed by the respondents themselves, but also by the interviewers in a face-to-face interview.

Data and Representativeness

The data file contains 4756 respondents. Nearly all respondents indicated their satisfaction with the dwelling and the estate. Originally, the data file also contained cases from the UK.

However, UK respondents were excluded from the analyses because of doubts about the reliability of the answers to the ethnic minority questions. This left 25 estates in nine countries. In general, older people and original populations are somewhat over-represented, while younger people and immigrant populations are relatively under-represented, despite the fact that in estates with a large minority population surveyors were also employed from minority ethnic groups. For younger people, this discrepancy probably derives from the extent of their activities outside the home, making them more difficult to reach. The under-representation of the immigrant population is presumably related to language and cultural differences. For more detailed information on the representation of population in each case, reference is made to the reports of the researchers in the different countries which can be downloaded from the programme website. All country reports indicate that despite these over- and under-representations, the survey results are valuable for the analyses of their own individual situation.

This dataset is the result of a team effort lead by Professor Ronald van Kempen, Utrecht University with funding from the EU Fifth Framework.

This graph displays the population of Europe in 2017. Germany had the largest population with a total of ***** million inhabitants. This was followed by France and the United Kingdom (UK) at ***** million and ***** million inhabitants respectively.

In 2025, Moscow was the largest city in Europe with an estimated urban agglomeration of 12.74 million people. The French capital, Paris, was the second largest city in 2025 at 11.35 million, followed by the capitals of the United Kingdom and Spain, with London at 9.84 million and Madrid at 6.81 million people. Istanbul, which would otherwise be the largest city in Europe in 2025, is excluded as it is only partially in Europe, with a sizeable part of its population living in Asia. Europe’s population is almost 750 million Since 1950, the population of Europe has increased by approximately 200 million people, increasing from 550 million to 750 million in these seventy years. Before the turn of the millennium, Europe was the second-most populated continent, before it was overtaken by Africa, which saw its population increase from 228 million in 1950 to 817 million by 2000. Asia has consistently had the largest population of the world’s continents and was estimated to have a population of 4.6 billion. Europe’s largest countries Including its territory in Asia, Russia is by far the largest country in the world, with a territory of around 17 million square kilometers, almost double that of the next largest country, Canada. Within Europe, Russia also has the continent's largest population at 145 million, followed by Germany at 83 million and the United Kingdom at almost 68 million. By contrast, Europe is also home to various micro-states such as San Marino, which has a population of just 30 thousand.

As of December 2021, Germany had the highest number of internet users among all European Union (EU) countries. This stood at over **** million, roughly ** percent of the entire population. The second highest figure was seen in France. Meanwhile, there were nearly *** thousand internet users in Malta, making it the country with the lowest number of internet users in the European Union (EU).

Internet access in the EU

Over the past decade the share of households with access to the internet in the European Union (EU) has grown to reach ** percent in 2020 . This was over a ** percent increase from 2008, when just ** percent of all EU households had internet access. As a whole, internet usage in Europe continues to rise with mobile internet in particular having seen substantial year-on-year growth since its infancy a decade ago. This growth is expected to continue, with ** percent of Europeans forecast to have mobile internet access by 2025.

Internet use worldwide

In 2021, the highest percentage of internet usage worldwide was among the Europeans. Meanwhile, the Philippines ranked first in the daily time spent online, an average of ** hours and ** minutes. Thanks to the boom in mobile internet, worldwide spending on both the Google Play and Apple App Store is also forecast to increase each year. Overall, spending on the App Store is expected to be more than double that on Google Play by 2026.

With a Gross Domestic Product of over 4.3 trillion Euros, the German economy was by far the largest in Europe in 2024. The similarly sized economies of the United Kingdom and France were the second and third largest economies in Europe during this year, followed by Italy and Spain. The smallest economy in this statistic is that of the small Balkan nation of Montenegro, which had a GDP of 7.4 billion Euros. In this year, the combined GDP of the 27 member states that compose the European Union amounted to approximately 17.95 trillion Euros. The big five Germany’s economy has consistently had the largest economy in Europe since 1980, even before the reunification of West and East Germany. The United Kingdom, by contrast, has had mixed fortunes during the same period and had a smaller economy than Italy in the late 1980s. The UK also suffered more than the other major economies during the recession of the late 2000s, meaning the French economy was the second largest on the continent for some time afterward. The Spanish economy was continually the fifth-largest in Europe in this 38-year period, and from 2004 onwards, has been worth more than one trillion Euros. The smallest GDP, the highest economic growth in Europe Despite having the smallerst GDP of Europe, Montenegro emerged as the fastest growing economy in the continent, achieving an impressive annual growth rate of 4.5 percent, surpassing Turkey's growth rate of 4 percent. Overall,this Balkan nation has shown a remarkable economic recovery since the 2010 financial crisis, with its GDP projected to grow by 28.71 percent between 2024 and 2029. Contributing to this positive trend are successful tourism seasons in recent years, along with increased private consumption and rising imports. Europe's economic stagnation Malta, Albania, Iceland, and Croatia were among the countries reporting some of the highest growth rates this year. However, Europe's overall performance reflected a general slowdown in growth compared to the trend seen in 2021, during the post-pandemic recovery. Estonia experienced the sharpest negative growth in 2023, with its economy shrinking by 2.3% compared to 2022, primarily due to the negative impact of sanctions placed on its large neighbor, Russia. Other nations, including Sweden, Germany, and Finland, also recorded slight negative growth.

In 2024 there were approximately 41 million households in Germany, 32 million households in France, and 26.3 million households in Italy, with these three countries having the highest number of households among EU countries.

Between 1960 and 1990, the foreign population of all selected Western European countries grew significantly. In West Germany, the foreign population grew from fewer than 700 thousand in 1960 to almost four million in 1976; the German total was over five million by the time of reunification in 1990. France and the United Kingdom respectively had the second and third largest foreign populations in 1976 and 1990, although figures are unavailable for 1960 (however, France's total foreign population would have been higher than Germany's in 1960, based on separate percentage and population figures). .

2019 data for European Union states can be found here.

In 2023, Germany had the highest pet dog population in the European Union, with more than 10 million dogs. Spain ranked second with a dog population of 9.3 million. Other countries, like Greece and Denmark, had comparatively smaller dog populations of approximately 655,000 and 643,000, respectively. Pet dogs in Europe The number of pet dogs in Europe has witnessed a notable increase since 2010, increasing from around 73 million in 2010 to more than 92 million in 2021. This positive trend was accompanied by a similar growth in the number of pet-owning households in Europe, which has increased by an estimated 20 million in the period between 2010 and 2021. Pet food industry in Europe Despite a marked increase in the dog population along with the number of pet-owning households in Europe, this has not been translated in a similarly significant increase in pet food sales in the continent. The annual sales volume of pet food products remained relatively stable in the last decade, until increasing in 2021 to about 10.2 million tons of pet food products. The largest pet food manufacturer in Europe was the Belgian company United Petfood Producers, with an annual revenue stream of approximately 800 million U.S. dollars in 2021.

In 2020, Germany had the highest number of over 65's at approximately 18.1 million, which was followed by Italy and France at 13.9 million and 13.7 million inhabitants respectively.

As of 2023, Romania was the EU country which had the greatest number of its citizens living in other member states of the EU, with 3.15 Romanian citizens living abroad. The south-eastern European country has seen mass emigration since it joined the EU in 2007, as its citizens have migrated to wealthier member states to live and work. Poland, which has had a similar experience with its citizens emigrating since joining the EU in 2004, is the country with the third highest number of citizens living in other EU countries, wtih almost 1.5 million. Other countries with large number of citizens living abroad include Italy, with almost 1.5 million, and Portugal, with over 980,000. While the two largest member states in the EU in terms of population, Germany and France, have 774,016 and 623,180 of their citizens living elsewhere in the EU respectively, these figures pale in comparison on a per capita level with countries such as Bulgaria and Croatia. Bulgaria, which joined the EU along with Romania in 2007, has 836,065 of its citizens living abroad, which is remarkable considering the country has a population of roughly seven million people. Croatia, the most recent member state to join the EU, has 563,773 of its citizens abroad, with a population at home of less than four million people.

As of 2023, Germany was the European Union member state with the greatest number of people coming from other EU member states living in the country, with over 4.5 million EU migrants. Other countries with large populations of intra-EU migrants include Spain, France, and Italy. As a share of population, Ireland stands and Belgium stand out among EU countries, with around 10% of the population of these countries being from other EU member states, while in Luxembourg it is around a third.

In 2020, Turkey had the highest number of children aged under 15 at approximately 19.2 million, which was followed by the France and Germany at approximately 12.0 million and 11.4 million inhabitants respectively.