Vietnam Population: Annual Avg: Mekong River Delta: Hau Giang data was reported at 772.500 Person th in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 770.400 Person th for 2015. Vietnam Population: Annual Avg: Mekong River Delta: Hau Giang data is updated yearly, averaging 760.400 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2016, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 773.800 Person th in 2013 and a record low of 749.800 Person th in 2004. Vietnam Population: Annual Avg: Mekong River Delta: Hau Giang data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G001: Population.

Vietnam Population: Annual Avg: Mekong River Delta: Can Tho & Hau Giang data was reported at 2,047.400 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,030.400 Person th for 2016. Vietnam Population: Annual Avg: Mekong River Delta: Can Tho & Hau Giang data is updated yearly, averaging 1,880.700 Person th from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,047.400 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 1,644.700 Person th in 1990. Vietnam Population: Annual Avg: Mekong River Delta: Can Tho & Hau Giang data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G001: Population.

Vietnam Population Density: MR: Hau Giang data was reported at 448.900 Person/sq km in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 450.000 Person/sq km for 2022. Vietnam Population Density: MR: Hau Giang data is updated yearly, averaging 454.600 Person/sq km from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2023, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 469.700 Person/sq km in 2011 and a record low of 448.900 Person/sq km in 2023. Vietnam Population Density: MR: Hau Giang data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G003: Population Density: By Provinces.

Lack of data on population sizes and resource requirements are major impediments to the effective conservation of rare species globally. The conservation of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Hong Kong reflects many of these key challenges for elusive and difficult-to-study mammals. It is a rare carnivore that has narrowly escaped extirpation, now surviving within a human-dominated environment. Using sign surveys and spraint analysis, we recorded only 40 fresh spraints from 246 otter signs locations, over four months of intensive sampling across two years. Records were restricted to the Mai Po wetlands, confirming this as the core area for Hong Kong’s otter population. Molecular analysis and microsatellite genotyping identified a minimum of seven individuals, two pairs of which were likely related. The genetic and sign data together strongly indicate a small population. Fish dominated the otter diet, highlighting the importance of fishpond habitats as a premium foraging resource. Given the rapid changes surrounding the Mai Po area (especially the new Northern Metropolis Development Strategy), maintaining quality and connected habitats, in addition to sustaining commercial fishponds will be key to otter recovery and long-term population viability in Hong Kong. Methods Surveys for otter spraints were undertaken during the winter (dry) season of 2018 and 2019 in Hong Kong, avoiding higher temperatures and humidity (affecting DNA quality of samples), and overgrown vegetation (affecting sample detectability). Surveyors experienced in otter survey traversed the banks of all accessible fishponds, gei wai, freshwater, and tidal watercourses across the study area (located in the north-west New Territories of Hong Kong, along the east coast of Inner Deep Bay in the Pearl River Delta). The survey was repeated at least two times each season to increase the probability of detection and thus decrease the probability of false negatives (MacKenzie et al., 2006). During the surveys, spraints between 1 and 3 days old were collected and frozen while being transported to the lab (Taastrøm and Jacobsen, 1999). Spraints were soaked in a diluted solution of alkaline detergent at room temperature prior to being rinsed and air-dried (24-48 hr) and then sieved through a 1 mm mesh. Identifiable hard prey-remains were separated, examined using a dissecting microscope, and weighed. For the otter diet study, six main food categories were considered: fish, amphibians, birds, mammals, crustaceans, and other invertebrates, based on the following undigested remains: bones, scales, feathers, fur, exoskeleton, antennae, articulate extremities, and insect wings. Fish species were identified to the lowest taxonomic level using a personal reference collection developed, existing databases, and taxonomic keys (Conroy et al., 2005; Groves and Cornwall Mammal Group, 2020; University of Nottingham, n.d.). Where present, amphibians, and reptiles were typically identified from their characteristic bones; bird prey from feathers and beak and leg/claw remains; mammal remains from teeth and hair; undigested integuments for insects, and shells for crustaceans. No attempt was made to identify non-fish categories below class level. A minimum of eleven taxa were recovered from the spraint samples. Fish represented the major component of the otter diet, while birds, other invertebrates, and crustaceans represented a very small proportion of the diet. To investigate relatedness between otter individuals, faecal DNA was extracted and amplified with seven microsatellite markers from an initial set of fourteen markers (Dallas and Piertney, 1998; Huang et al., 2005). All samples were genotyped following the multiple-tubes approach to ensure reliable genotyping (Taberlet et al., 1996).

Genotype Data withn MHC in CHSG Population (PED file)mhc_genotype_CHSG.pedGenotype Data withn MHC in CHSG Population (MAP file)mhc_genotype_CHSG.map

人口：年平均：湄公河三角洲：芹苴和后江在12-01-2017达2,047.400千人，相较于12-01-2016的2,030.400千人有所增长。人口：年平均：湄公河三角洲：芹苴和后江数据按年更新，12-01-1990至12-01-2017期间平均值为1,880.700千人，共28份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-2017，达2,047.400千人，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-1990，为1,644.700千人。CEIC提供的人口：年平均：湄公河三角洲：芹苴和后江数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Tổng Cục Thống Kê，数据归类于Global Database的越南 – 表 VN.G001：人口。

人口：年平均：湄公河三角洲：河江在12-01-2016达772.500千人，相较于12-01-2015的770.400千人有所增长。人口：年平均：湄公河三角洲：河江数据按年更新，12-01-2004至12-01-2016期间平均值为760.400千人，共13份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-2013，达773.800千人，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-2004，为749.800千人。CEIC提供的人口：年平均：湄公河三角洲：河江数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Tổng Cục Thống Kê，数据归类于Global Database的越南 – 表 VN.G001：人口。

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; hypertension, systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg or had medication for controlling blood pressure; diabetes, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl or using medication for diabetes; regular exercise: walking or hiking ≥30 mins/2 to 3 days.Numbers in bold indicate significant findings (p

*A higher total IgE level in cord blood (newborn) was cut-off at ≥0.5 kU/L as previously described; higher total IgE levels at 1.5, 3 and 6 years of age were defined as above the 75th percentile of the total IgE collected from the study population.#Atopy was defined as phenotypic asthma, rhinitis and/or atopic dermatitis along with detectable serum specific IgE to one or more common allergens.†Prematurity was defined as a gestational age

Baseline population characteristics by number of healthful lifestyle factors.

Demographic characteristics, physical, psychological, and job-related psychosocial variables of all participants.

Characteristics of the study population at baseline (2011–2013).

AHI: Apnea hypopnea index; BMI: Body mass index; BQ: Berlin questionnaire; ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; *: the p-value is less than 0.05 between male and female within the TMUH database; #: the p-value is less than 0.05 between male and female within the SHH database.

Demographic, clinical and laboratory data for the patients in the training and validation dataset.

Participants’ demographic characteristics (N = 24).

Demographic data and ultrasonographic features in all 142 patients.

The mean total DSMI scores across groups by socio-demographic characteristics.

Demographic characteristics based on the full sample (n = 331).