This U.S. Geological Survey data release consists of a polygon geospatial dataset representing estimated flood-inundation areas in Grapevine Canyon near Scotty's Castle, Death Valley National Park, and the data acquired and processed to support the delineation of those areas. Supporting datasets include topographic survey data collected by global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in Grapevine Canyon from July 12-14, 2016; derivatives of those data; pebble count data collected in Grapevine Canyon; and an archive of the one-dimensional hydraulic model used to generate the flood-inundation area polygons. Specifically: 1)a point dataset of four static reference locations (StaticGNSS_x) collected by single-baseline Online Positioning User Service – Static (OPUS-S) GNSS surveys; 2)a point dataset of 38 TLS survey scan locations (ScanOrigins_x) collected by real-time kinematic (RTK) GNSS surveys; 3)a zip file of 42 point cloud files (GrapevineCanyon_LAZ.zip) collected at 38 scan locations by TLS surveys; 4)a point dataset of 769 ground control points (GroundControlPts_x) collected by RTK GNSS surveys; 5)a point dataset of filtered ground observations (TLS_FilteredGroundObs_x) from the TLS surveys; 6)a polygon dataset of the areas used to filter the ground observations (TLS_Filter_p); 7)a digital terrain model (GrapevineCanyon_TIN.zip) derived from the filtered ground observations as a triangulated irregular network (TIN) in North American Vertical Datum of 1988; 8)a comma-separated values (CSV) table of the locations and results of five Wohlman-style pebble counts (Wolman, 1954), collected at five sites within the study area (GrapevineCanyon_PebbleCounts.csv); 9)a zip file containing all relevant files to document and run the Hydrological Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) one dimensional hydraulic model used to generate the flood-inundation area polygons (SWmodel_Archive.zip); 10)a polygon dataset of the estimated flood-inundation areas (GrapevineCanyonInundationAreas_p).

The Colorado River and its tributaries supply water to more than 35 million people in the United States and 3 million people in Mexico, irrigating more than 4.5 million acres of farmland, and generating about 12 billion kilowatt hours of hydroelectric power annually. Planning for the sustainable management of the Colorado River in future climates requires an understanding of the Lower Colorado River Basin groundwater system. This data release contains summarized output from Soil-Water Balance groundwater infiltration model simulations for the Lower Colorado River Basin. Model output available in this release includes groundwater infiltration, potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (AET), precipitation, and temperature.

This polygon shapefile represents estimated flood-inundation areas in Grapevine Canyon near Scotty's Castle, Death Valley National Park. Estimates of the 4, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.2 percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood streamflows (previously known as the 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500-year floods) were computed from regional flood regression equations. The estimated flood streamflows were used with one-dimensional hydraulic models to compute water surface elevations that were mapped on a digital terrain model of the study area. Those locations where the water surface was higher than the land surface were defined as inundated. The inundation polygons are named by AEP flow (4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.2-percent) and geometry (High, Final, and Low), and also include manually-delineated polygons where flow is inferred.

Kris and I, surveyed multiple student through QR codes at Grand Canyon University located in Phoenix,Arizona. These Questions where based around student AI knowledge, student general AI use case, student use of AI in school, interest of pursing a career in AI and finally major. With over 250 datapoints from 3/31/23 to 1/4/24.

This data publication describes the condition, use, and management of the two wilderness areas within Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI). The project examined local/experiential knowledge collected through oral history interviews in 2010 to track how the character and quality of the Parks' wilderness, as well as visitors' uses and experiences have changed over time. Included are recordings of the actual interviews, the field notes taken during the interview, as well as a transcript of the audio interviews.This record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: ISO-19139 metadata ArcGIS Hub Dataset ArcGIS GeoService For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.

A long-term problem that confronted wilderness managers in the early 1990s, and continues today, is the displeasure hikers express about meeting recreational livestock (primarily horses and mules) and seeing impacts of stock use. This data set contains the responses from a visitor survey of 891 participants who spent time in Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks Wilderness or John Muir Wilderness during 1990. Participants were a mix of hikers and stock users, and much of the information gathered was in regard to hiker/stock user interaction and preference.The purpose of this data was to help predict, measure, and manage conflict between hikers and stock users spending time in these particular Wilderness areas. The data assisted managers and scientists to better understand the differences and similarities between wilderness hikers and stock users, and the role these characteristics play in the conflict reported between the two groups.Original metadata date was 09/18/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12/13/2016 and 04/23/2019.

This zip file contains 21 raster layers representing data from a variety of landscape metrics used to analyze the landscape context of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area (BICA). Their names, descriptions and categorization are as follows: Housing This raster dataset contains sixteen layers named in the format "bhc1950us," with the name of each layer containing a year representing the decades from 1950 through 2100 (ex. bh1960us, bhc1970us, bhc1980us, etc.). The layers depict housing density classes for the area around the 30 km buffer around and including BICA’s managed lands for each decade. These housing density estimates come from a Spatially Explicit Regional Growth Model (SERGoM, Theobald 2005) based on U.S. Census data from 2010 and depict the location and density of private land housing unit classes around BICA. SERGoM methods combined housing data with information on land ownership and density of major roads (interstates, state highways, and county roads) to provide a more accurate allocation of the location of housing units over the landscape. Details on how SERGoM was used for NPS data can be found in the NPScape Standard Operating Procedure (SOP): Housing Measure at https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2221576 The SERGoM used historical and current housing density patterns as data inputs to develop a simulation model to forecast future housing density patterns based on county-level population projections. Further details about the methodology of SERGoM can be found at https://www.jstor.org/stable/26267722?seq=2 SERGoM_bhc_metrics: Value CLASSNAME 0 Private undeveloped 1 2,470 units / square km 12 Commercial/industrial Land Cover This raster dataset depicts land cover and contains four layers from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD). The names and descriptions of each layer are as follows: NLCD2001. The National Land Cover Database 2001 land cover layer for mapping was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. This is a single layer for 2001 landcover data at all levels. Level 2 data for 2001 can be derived from this layer by collapsing level 1 features into level 2 categories. This level 1 layer contains seventeen classes: Value Land Cover 0 Unknown 11 Open Water 12 Perennial Snow/Ice 21 Developed, Open Space 22 Developed, Low Intensity 23 Developed, Medium Intensity 24 Developed, High Intensity 31 Barren Land 41 Deciduous Forest 42 Evergreen Forest 43 Mixed Forest 52 Shrub/Scrub 71 Herbaceous 81 Hay/Pasture 82 Cultivated Crops 90 Woody Wetlands 95 Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands NLCD2001 land cover class descriptions: Open Water - All areas of open water, generally with less than 25% cover or vegetation or soil. Perennial Ice/Snow - All areas characterized by a perennial cover of ice and/or snow, generally greater than 25% of total cover. Developed, Open Space - Includes areas with a mixture of some constructed materials, but mostly vegetation in the form of lawn grasses. Impervious surfaces account for less than 20 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses, and vegetation planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes. Developed, Low Intensity - Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 20-49 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units. Developed, Medium Intensity - Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 50-79 percent of the total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units. Developed, High Intensity - Includes highly developed areas where people reside or work in high numbers. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses and commercial/industrial. Impervious surfaces account for 80 to100 percent of the total cover. Barren Land - Rock/Sand/Clay; Barren areas of bedrock, desert pavement, scarps, talus, slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand dunes, strip mines, gravel pits and other accumulations of earthen material. Generally, vegetation accounts for less than 15% of total cover. Deciduous Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. Evergreen Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species maintain their leaves all year. Canopy is never without green foliage. Mixed Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. Neither deciduous nor evergreen species are greater than 75 percent of total tree cover. Shrub/Scrub - Areas dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions. Herbaceous - Areas dominated by graminoid or herbaceous vegetation, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation. These areas are not subject to intensive management such as tilling but can be utilized for grazing. Hay/Pasture - Areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops, typically on a perennial cycle. Pasture/hay vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. Cultivated Crops - Areas used for the production of annual crops, such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton, and also perennial woody crops such as orchards and vineyards. Crop vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. This class also includes all land being actively tilled. Woody Wetlands - Areas where forest or shrub land vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water. Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands - Areas where perennial herbaceous vegetation accounts for greater than 80 percent of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water. Landcover_NaturalConverted_NLCD2011. This layer depicts natural vs. converted land cover circa 2011 and was extracted from the map package NLCD2011_LNC.mpk. This layer contains two classes: Value Class Name 1 Converted 2 Natural Natural vs. Converted class descriptions: Converted - Developed areas, cultivated crops, and hay/pasture lands. Natural - All other major cover types. Landcover_Level1_NLCD2011. This layer was extracted from the map package NLCD2011_Level1.mpk and contains nine classes: Value Class Name 1 Open Water 2 Developed 3 Barren/Quarries/Transitional 4 Forest 5 Scrubs/Shrub 6 Perennial Ice/Snow 7 Grassland/Herbaceous 8 Agriculture 9 Wetlands Landcover_Level2_NLCD2011. This layer was extracted from the map package NLCD2011_Level2.mpk and contains fifteen classes: Value Class Name 11 Open Water 12 Perennial Ice/Snow 21 Developed, Open Space 22 Developed, Low Intensity 23 Developed, Medium Intensity 24 Developed, High Intensity 31 Barren Land 41 Deciduous Forest 42 Evergreen Forest 43 Mixed Forest 52 Shrub/Scrub 71 Herbaceous 81 Hay/Pasture 82 Cultivated Crops 90 Woody Wetlands 95 Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands Road Density - Road_Density. This raster layer depicts road density (km/km2) calculated for all roads in and around the study area (30 km buffer around BICA) as of 2005. This layer was extracted from the map package AllRoads_rdd.mpk. The map packages mentioned above can be found in the DataStore reference: Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area Landscape Context, Map Packages. National Park Service. https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2306146>https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2306146

The Interstate 17 (I-17) elk herd primarily resides in Arizona’s GMU 6A and 11M south of Flagstaff. The population estimate for elk in GMU 6A was 6,500 in 2019. Their summer range consists of gentle topography with ponderosa pine forest and interspersed riparian-meadow habitat. Annually, the I-17 elk herd migrates an average of 24 miles to lower-elevation winter range dominated by pinyon-juniper habitat. This winter habitat is located along Oak Creek Canyon to the west and Wet Beaver Creek to the south. The I-17 elk herd faces high road mortality, averaging around 80 mortalities from vehicles per year (Gagnon et al 2013). Despite the high incidence of elk-vehicle collisions along I-17, road crossings are generally prevented from the highway’s high traffic volumes. These data provide the location of migration routes for elk (Cervus canadensis) in the Interstate 17 Herd in Arizona. They were developed using 106 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 47 adult elk compris ...