Japan JP: Risk of Catastrophic Expenditure for Surgical Care: % of People at Risk data was reported at 0.400 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.300 % for 2016. Japan JP: Risk of Catastrophic Expenditure for Surgical Care: % of People at Risk data is updated yearly, averaging 0.400 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2017, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.600 % in 2009 and a record low of 0.300 % in 2016. Japan JP: Risk of Catastrophic Expenditure for Surgical Care: % of People at Risk data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: Health Statistics. The proportion of population at risk of catastrophic expenditure when surgical care is required. Catastrophic expenditure is defined as direct out of pocket payments for surgical and anaesthesia care exceeding 10% of total income.; ; The Program in Global Surgery and Social Change (PGSSC) at Harvard Medical School (https://www.pgssc.org/); Weighted Average;

ObjectiveSeveral prognostic models of suicide risk have been published; however, few have been implemented in Japan using longitudinal cohort data. The aim of this study was to identify suicide risk factors for suicidal ideation in the Japanese population and to develop a machine-learning model to predict suicide risk in Japan.Materials and MethodsData was obtained from Wave1 Time 1 (November 2016) and Time 2 (March 2017) of the National Survey for Stress and Health in Japan, were incorporated into a suicide risk prediction machine-learning model, trained using 65 items related to trauma and stress. The study included 3,090 and 2,163 survey respondents >18 years old at Time 1 and Time 2, respectively. The mean (standard deviation, SD) age was 44.9 (10.9) years at Time 1 and 46.0 (10.7) years at Time 2. We analyzed the participants with increased suicide risk at Time 2 survey. Model performance, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, were also analyzed.ResultsThe model showed a good performance (AUC = 0.830, 95% confidence interval = 0.795–0.866). Overall, the model achieved an accuracy of 78.8%, sensitivity of 75.4%, specificity of 80.4%, positive predictive value of 63.4%, and negative predictive value of 87.9%. The most important risk factor for suicide risk was the participants' Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale score, followed by the Sheehan Disability Scale score, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores, Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (CCSM-suicidal ideation domain, Dissociation Experience Scale score, history of self-harm, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder check list-5 score, CCSM-dissociation domain, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised scores at Time 1.ConclusionsThis prognostic study suggests the ability to identify patients at a high risk of suicide using an online survey method. In addition to confirming several well-known risk factors of suicide, new risk measures related to trauma and trauma-related experiences were also identified, which may help guide future clinical assessments and early intervention approaches.

Japan JP: Risk of Impoverishing Expenditure for Surgical Care: % of People at Risk data was reported at 0.000 % in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2016. Japan JP: Risk of Impoverishing Expenditure for Surgical Care: % of People at Risk data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2017, with 10 observations. Japan JP: Risk of Impoverishing Expenditure for Surgical Care: % of People at Risk data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: Health Statistics. The proportion of population at risk of impoverishing expenditure when surgical care is required. Impoverishing expenditure is defined as direct out of pocket payments for surgical and anaesthesia care which drive people below a poverty threshold (using a threshold of $1.25 PPP/day).; ; The Program in Global Surgery and Social Change (PGSSC) at Harvard Medical School (https://www.pgssc.org/); Weighted Average;

*Adjusted for age (age at diagnosis for cancer survival), area, population density (quartile), occupation (professionals and office worker, sales clerks or others, farmers, manual labors and others), smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, and leisure-time sport activity.Deprivation index and cancer risk in men (n = 40,883).

In Japan, the population sex ratio has seen slight changes over the past decades. In 2021, the number of men was around **** for every 100 women, constituting a decrease from **** in 1950.

What is the sex ratio? The population sex ratio is determined by the sex ratio at birth, different mortality rates between men and women, as well as losses and gains through migration. In the absence of alteration, the sex ratio in human populations is quite constant, with only minor deviations. While the sex ratio at birth is usually *** to ***, the population sex ratio, which refers to the total number of males for every 100 females, is often below 100. The reason for the shift mostly lies in differing lifestyles and physical constitutions of men and women. In general, women tend to be more resistant to disease throughout life, while men tend to engage in higher risk behavior or violence.

Influences and consequences
The sex ratio at birth and its possible determinants such as gestation environment, climate change, chemical pollution or socio-economic factors have long been subject to scientific research. Recently the impact of natural disasters, like the nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011, was presumed to influence the sex ratio at birth. The adult gender ratio has long been recognized as a key population-level determinant of behavior. However, there are many different or competing theories in existing literature about the social impacts of gender imbalance on topics such as violence, family stability, reproduction etc.

BackgroundCardiovascular (CV) events are the primary cause of death and becoming bedridden among hemodialysis (HD) patients. The Framingham risk score (FRS) is useful for predicting incidence of CV events in the general population, but is considerd to be unsuitable for the prediction of the incidence of CV events in HD patients, given their characteristics due to atypical relationships between conventional risk factors and outcomes. We therefore aimed to develop a new prognostic prediction model for prevention and early detection of CV events among hemodialysis patients.MethodsWe enrolled 3,601 maintenance HD patients based on their data from the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (J-DOPPS), phases 3 and 4. We longitudinaly assessed the association between several potential candidate predictors and composite CV events in the year after study initiation. Potential candidate predictors included the component factors of FRS and other HD-specific risk factors. We used multivariable logistic regression with backward stepwise selection to develop our new prediction model and generated a calibration plot. Additinially, we performed bootstrapping to assess the internal validity.ResultsWe observed 328 composite CV events during 1-year follow-up. The final prediction model contained six variables: age, diabetes status, history of CV events, dialysis time per session, and serum phosphorus and albumin levels. The new model showed significantly better discrimination than the FRS, in both men (c-statistics: 0.76 for new model, 0.64 for FRS) and women (c-statistics: 0.77 for new model, 0.60 for FRS). Additionally, we confirmed the consistency between the observed results and predicted results using the calibration plot. Further, we found similar discrimination and calibration to the derivation model in the bootstrapping cohort.ConclusionsWe developed a new risk model consisting of only six predictors. Our new model predicted CV events more accurately than the FRS.

Figure e1-2

BackgroundThe population of Japan has achieved the longest life expectancy in the world. To further improve population health, consistent and comparative evidence on mortality attributable to preventable risk factors is necessary for setting priorities for health policies and programs. Although several past studies have quantified the impact of individual risk factors in Japan, to our knowledge no study has assessed and compared the effects of multiple modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases and injuries using a standard framework. We estimated the effects of 16 risk factors on cause-specific deaths and life expectancy in Japan. Methods and FindingsWe obtained data on risk factor exposures from the National Health and Nutrition Survey and epidemiological studies, data on the number of cause-specific deaths from vital records adjusted for ill-defined codes, and data on relative risks from epidemiological studies and meta-analyses. We applied a comparative risk assessment framework to estimate effects of excess risks on deaths and life expectancy at age 40 y. In 2007, tobacco smoking and high blood pressure accounted for 129,000 deaths (95% CI: 115,000–154,000) and 104,000 deaths (95% CI: 86,000–119,000), respectively, followed by physical inactivity (52,000 deaths, 95% CI: 47,000–58,000), high blood glucose (34,000 deaths, 95% CI: 26,000–43,000), high dietary salt intake (34,000 deaths, 95% CI: 27,000–39,000), and alcohol use (31,000 deaths, 95% CI: 28,000–35,000). In recent decades, cancer mortality attributable to tobacco smoking has increased in the elderly, while stroke mortality attributable to high blood pressure has declined. Life expectancy at age 40 y in 2007 would have been extended by 1.4 y for both sexes (men, 95% CI: 1.3–1.6; women, 95% CI: 1.2–1.7) if exposures to multiple cardiovascular risk factors had been reduced to their optimal levels as determined by a theoretical-minimum-risk exposure distribution. ConclusionsTobacco smoking and high blood pressure are the two major risk factors for adult mortality from non-communicable diseases and injuries in Japan. There is a large potential population health gain if multiple risk factors are jointly controlled. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

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Population Health Management Market Size and Forecast 2025-2029

The population health management market size estimates the market to reach by USD 19.40 billion, at a CAGR of 10.7% between 2024 and 2029. North America is expected to account for 68% of the growth contribution to the global market during this period. In 2019 the software segment was valued at USD 16.04 billion and has demonstrated steady growth since then.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of healthcare IT and the rising focus on personalized medicine. Healthcare providers are recognizing the value of population health management platforms in improving patient outcomes and reducing costs. The implementation of these systems enables proactive care management, disease prevention, and population health analysis. However, the market faces challenges as well. The cost of installing population health management platforms can be a significant barrier for smaller healthcare organizations. Additionally, ensuring data security and interoperability across various systems remains a major concern.
Effective data management and integration are essential for population health management to deliver its full potential. Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities must address these challenges and provide cost-effective, secure, and interoperable solutions. By focusing on these areas, they can help healthcare providers optimize their population health management initiatives and improve patient care.

What will be the Size of the Population Health Management Market during the forecast period?

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The market continues to evolve, driven by advancements in technology and a growing focus on value-based care. Risk adjustment models, which help account for the variability in health risks among patient populations, are increasingly being adopted to improve care coordination and health outcome measures. For instance, a leading healthcare organization implemented risk stratification models, resulting in a 20% reduction in hospital readmissions. Remote patient monitoring, public health surveillance, and disease outbreak response are crucial applications of population health management. These technologies enable real-time health data collection, allowing for early intervention and improved health equity initiatives. Chronic disease management, a significant focus area, benefits from electronic health records, care coordination models, and health information exchange.

Value-based care programs, predictive modeling healthcare, and telehealth platforms are transforming the landscape of healthcare delivery. Healthcare data analytics, interoperability standards, and population health dashboards facilitate data-driven decision-making, enhancing health intervention efficacy. Behavioral health integration and preventive health services are gaining prominence, with health literacy programs and clinical decision support tools supporting personalized medicine strategies. The market is expected to grow at a robust rate, with industry growth estimates reaching 15% annually. This growth is fueled by the ongoing need for healthcare cost reduction, quality improvement initiatives, and the integration of technology into healthcare delivery.

How is this Population Health Management Industry segmented?

The population health management industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Component

  Software
  Services


End-user

  Large enterprises
  SMEs


Delivery Mode

  On-Premise
  Cloud-Based
  Web-Based


End-Use

  Providers
  Payers
  Employer Groups
  Government Bodies


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Component Insights

The software segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market's software segment is experiencing significant growth and innovation, driven by various components that enhance healthcare organizations' capacity to manage and enhance the health outcomes of diverse populations. Population health management platforms aggregate and integrate data from multiple sources, including electronic health records, claims data, and patient-generated data. Advanced analytics are employed to generate valuable insights, enabling healthcare providers to identify at-risk populations, address chronic conditions, and improve overall patient outcomes. These platforms facilitate seamless data exchange between stakeholders, ensuring harmonious care coordination and enhancing the overall effectiveness of healthcare services.

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As of 2019

The Japan Life & Non-Life Insurance market, encompassing both life insurance and non-life (property and casualty) insurance sectors, presents a complex yet substantial investment landscape. Analyzing the period from 2019 to 2033, the market demonstrates consistent growth, albeit at varying rates. While precise figures for market size are unavailable, industry reports indicate a robust market fueled by factors such as an aging population, increasing health concerns, and a growing awareness of risk management. The rise in disposable income, though tempered by economic fluctuations, also contributes to a sustained demand for both life and non-life insurance products. The market shows strong resilience despite macroeconomic headwinds, showcasing the enduring nature of insurance as a crucial financial tool for Japanese consumers. Competition within the sector is intense, with both domestic and international players vying for market share through innovative product offerings, enhanced customer service, and technological advancements in areas like digital distribution and AI-powered risk assessment. Strategic partnerships and mergers & acquisitions are also shaping the competitive dynamics. The forecast period (2025-2033) projects continued expansion. Given the existing market trends and Japan's demographic profile, a conservative estimate suggests a steady CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of around 3-4%, leading to substantial market expansion over the next decade. However, the exact CAGR and its fluctuations will be subject to macroeconomic conditions, regulatory shifts, and the evolving risk landscape. The sector's trajectory is projected to be further influenced by governmental policies aimed at fostering financial inclusion and promoting insurance penetration, particularly amongst younger demographics. Significant growth opportunities exist in areas like health insurance, given Japan's aging population and rising healthcare costs, alongside specialized insurance products catering to emerging risks like cyber threats and climate change impacts. Notable trends are: Increase in Number of Individual Insurance Policies and Policies in Force.

In 2022, the average life expectancy of women in Japan was approximately **** years, whereas the life expectancy of men reached around **** years. The average life expectancy of both men and women in Japan indicated a ******** for two consecutive years. Aging workforce Japan has one of the highest proportions of senior citizens worldwide, with almost ** percent of the country’s population aged 65 years and older. The growing average life expectancy and declining fertility rates led to this demographic shift. To secure the nation's workforce despite the aging population, the Japanese government amended the Act on Stabilization of Employment of Elderly Persons in 2021 and requested Japanese enterprises to raise the retirement age to 70 for employees who wish to continue working after turning 60 or 65. Causes of death The leading causes of death in Japan are *****************************************************************. Lung cancer is the most mortal cancer site among Japanese men and women, but its mortality risk has declined from the 1990s onward. This development can be partially attributed to the downward trend in tobacco consumption. Since peaking in the 1970s, tobacco consumption in Japan has steadily declined, noticeable from the continuous decrease in the cigarette industry’s annual sales volume growth. Apart from a growing awareness regarding health risks, this downward movement can be explained by a tightening of prefectural no-smoking policies in the streets, many restaurants, and public places in general.

The dataset uses multi-source datasets (TC, remote sensing, meteorological, vector, and socioeconomic data) from various domestic and international data platforms and institutions .The TC best track data was obtained at the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) (http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html) and Japan typhoon Digital Center (http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon ).Tropical cyclone information for past tropical cyclones includes the position, central pressure, moving velocity, duration time ,moving distance and intensity of each TC from 1951-2018 for every six hour. Remote sensing data include digital elevation model (DEM), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land use, and land cover. Meteorological data include the wind speed and total precipitation.Total precipitation and wind speed is in the period of 2010-2018 , collected respectively from China Meterological Administration(http://data.cma.cn),.Socioeconomic data include the population density, GDP, and historical disaster loss.The data of population density, GDP and vegetation index were obtained from spatial grid datasets of the Chinese population, GDP and vegetation index based on 1km spatial resolution.Land use and cover data was from multi period land use and cover remote sensing datasets in China (CNLUCC), and all these datasets is available at Resource and Environment data Cloud Platform provided by Institute of geography, resources and environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences(http://www.resdc.cn). DEM data was deprived from Aster GDEM v2 at 30 m resolution, available at United States Geological Survey (USGS Earth Explorer site in Center for Earth Observation.The indicator of Slope is calculated from the DEM data..Vector data include road networks, railway networks, water networks, coastlines and point of interest (POI) data such as the medical, public, and educational infrastructure and charitable organizations in the cities of Guangdong.The Indicator of coastline,river density ,railway were deprived from 1: 1 million National basic geographic information dataset (2017 version)in National Basic Geographic Information Center.

Baseline characteristics in women (n = 45,229).

Baseline characteristics in men (n = 40,883).

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Japan Insurance Market Size 2025-2029

The japan insurance market size is forecast to increase by USD 46.7 billion billion at a CAGR of 3% between 2024 and 2029.

The Japanese insurance market is experiencing significant growth driven by demographic shifts and the integration of technology. With a rapidly aging population, the demand for long-term care and health insurance is increasing. According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, over 28% of the Japanese population was aged 65 or above in 2020, and this number is projected to reach 34% by 2030. Technological advancements are transforming the insurance industry in Japan, with the integration of IT and analytic solutions becoming a key trend. Insurers are leveraging data analytics to personalize products and improve customer experience. Additionally, the adoption of digital channels for distribution and claims processing is gaining momentum. However, this digital transformation also exposes insurers to new risks, particularly cybercrime. The number of reported cyberattacks in Japan increased by 25% in 2020, according to the National Police Agency. Companies seeking to capitalize on the growth opportunities in the Japanese insurance market must navigate these challenges effectively by investing in cybersecurity measures and leveraging technology to enhance their offerings while addressing the unique needs of an aging population.

What will be the size of the Japan Insurance Market during the forecast period?

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The Japanese insurance market encompasses both life and non-life sectors, with the third-party administrators playing a crucial role in facilitating the distribution of insurance products. The market's size is significant, with life insurers and non-life insurers, including general insurers, standalone health insurers, and specialized insurers, collectively contributing to a substantial portion of the country's financial services sector. Foreign direct investment in the Japanese insurance industry has been on the rise, attracting global players seeking to capitalize on the market's growth potential. In the life insurance segment, consumers primarily focus on securing coverage for medical expenses, life protection, and retirement planning. Non-life insurance, on the other hand, caters to various risks, such as property damage, liability, and personal accidents. Common insurance products include dental emergency, travel plans, and international travel insurance, offering reimbursement for medical expenses, loss of passports, identity proof, accident assistance, medical evacuation, and more. The market is characterized by a growing demand for comprehensive insurance solutions, reflecting the population's increasing awareness of risk management and financial security.

How is this market segmented?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments. TypeLifeNon-lifeChannelSales personnelInsurance agenciesSectorPublic/government insurance companiesPrivate insurance companiesGeographyJapan

By Type Insights

The life segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Life insurance is a significant segment in Japan's insurance market, with nearly 90% of the population holding coverage. The primary driver of this trend is the low-interest rate charged by insurers due to Japan's aging population. In 2023, over 30% of the population was aged 65 and above, increasing life expectancy and reducing insurers' risk. Furthermore, many Japanese companies provide life insurance as an employee benefit. Non-life insurance, including third-party administrators, covers areas like property, casualty, and liability. Life insurers, general insurers, and specialized insurers cater to various customer needs. Digital innovation, such as InsurTech, is transforming the industry, addressing customer pain points and enhancing the digital customer experience. The World Bank, IoT, and vaccine rollouts are shaping the future of insurance service businesses. : life insurance, non-life insurance, third-party administrators, World Bank, digital innovation, customer pain points, insurtechs.

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The Life segment was valued at USD 258.40 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Market Dynamics

Our researchers analyzed the data with 2024 as the base year, along with the key drivers, trends, and challenges. A holistic analysis of drivers will help companies refine their marketing strategies to gain a competitive advantage.

What are the key market drivers leading to the rise in adoption of Japan Insurance Market?

Growing geriatric population in Japan is the

BackgroundUnderstanding seasonality of tuberculosis (TB) epidemics may lead to identify potentially modifiable risk factors. Studies conducted outside Japan have found seasonal variation among reported TB cases, with peaks in spring and summer and low prevalence in fall and winter. One hypothesis regarding spring or summer peaks in TB epidemics is that TB transmission likely increases in winter because of indoor crowding and poor ventilation, with development of primary TB among socially vulnerable people in spring and summer. Another plausible explanation is that vitamin D deficiency in winter depresses immunity, increasing the TB reactivation risk in these seasons. Previous studies suggest latitude-dependent factors, including reduced winter sunlight and its effect on vitamin D levels. Here, we investigated mechanisms of seasonality in TB epidemics in Japan, according to the effects of crowding and latitude.MethodsWe used time-series analysis consisting of spectral analysis and least-squares method, to analyse geographically specific monthly number of newly registered cases of all forms of active TB in all 47 prefectures of Japan during 1998–2015.ResultsIn all power spectral densities for the 47 prefectures, spectral lines were observed at frequency positions corresponding to a 1-year cycle. The degree of this seasonality was associated with population density. We did not detect greater amplitude of seasonality at higher latitudes, suggesting that latitude-dependent factors, including reduced winter sunlight and its potential effect on vitamin D levels, do not contribute significantly to seasonality in Japan.Discussion and conclusionIn districts with high population density, measures are needed to address two specific types of active infection risk in adolescents and middle-aged adults: (i) public transport use, and (ii) irregular employment with no periodic medical examinations. To control active TB epidemics, investigating periodic structures in the temporal patterns of active TB in each district and each age group is important.

Interrupted time series analysis of year quarters, adjusted relative risk ratios of location of death for the total Japanese population 65 years and older, and for persons with dementia.

Estimated proportions (%) of the educational inequalities in self-rated health mediated by each potential mediatora.

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Gastrointestinal Bleeding Treatment Market Size 2024-2028

The gastrointestinal bleeding treatment market size is forecast to increase by USD 182.6 billion at a CAGR of 4.5% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key factors. The increasing prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases and favorable initiatives from governments and healthcare organizations to improve diagnosis and treatment are driving market growth. Furthermore, the funding for research studies and advancements in endoscopic devices contribute to the market's expansion. However, high treatment costs remain a challenge for patients and payers, potentially limiting market growth. Overall, the market is expected to witness steady growth In the coming years, as advancements in technology and increasing awareness of gastrointestinal health drive demand for effective treatment options.

What will be the Size of the Gastrointestinal Bleeding Treatment Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market In the US is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders and an aging population. Flexible endoscopy, a diagnostic and treatment modality, plays a crucial role in addressing acute and chronic cases of gastrointestinal bleeding. Cancer screening and surveillance programs have become essential in early detection and treatment of tumors In the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and other digestive organs. Healthcare workers in healthcare facilities are employing advanced treatment programs to diagnose and perform endoscopic hemostasis for various causes, including gastric cancers, tumors, and chronic diseases such as diverticulosis, gastritis, peptic ulcers, and inflammatory bowel disease.
The geriatric population, with a higher risk of gastrointestinal disorders and comorbidities, is a significant market driver. Anticoagulant prescriptions also contribute to the market growth due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients taking these medications.

How is this Gastrointestinal Bleeding Treatment Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The gastrointestinal bleeding treatment industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Product

  Endoscopic mechanical devices
  Endoscopic thermal devices
  Others


Geography

  North America

    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  Asia

    China
    Japan


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Product Insights

The endoscopic mechanical devices segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is primarily driven by the increasing use of endoscopic mechanical devices for treating bleeding In the upper GI tract. These devices are preferred due to the rise in minimally invasive surgeries and their application in various endoscopic procedures for non-hemostatic purposes, such as closure In the GI tract, post-operative anastomotic leakage prevention, and fixing of stents. Endoscopic mechanical devices are effective in achieving hemostasis in small mucosal or submucosal defects In the upper GI tract, bleeding ulcers with arteries less than 2 mm, and polyps less than 1 cm. The geriatric population, with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases like gastric cancers and tumors, contributes significantly to the market growth.

Gastroenterologists are the primary users of these devices, and companies like Fujifilm Healthcare are at the forefront of providing advanced endoscopic solutions. The skilled labor required for operating these devices ensures a steady demand for them In the healthcare industry.

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The Endoscopic mechanical devices segment was valued at USD 325.00 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 43% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The North American market is projected to expand at a moderate pace over the forecast period. Factors fueling market growth include the increasing adoption of advanced technologies for GI bleeding treatment, a rising prevalence and incidence of GI diseases, a growing geriatric population, and availability of reimbursement policies for endoscopic procedures. Additionally, heightened awareness among patients regarding various diseases and the importance of preventive healt

IntroductionThis study aimed to estimate prevalence and incidence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid relationships between ADHD and other psychiatric disorders in Japan.MethodsUsing the real-world JMDC Claims Database, we conducted a cross-sectional study (analysis years 2017–2021) and retrospective cohort study (observation 2 years before/after the initial ADHD diagnosis; data collection 2005–2021; enrollment 2017–2019). Patients were male or female, aged 0–57 years. Cross-sectional study patients had an ADHD or other psychiatric disorder diagnosis (with or without medication) and were continuously registered in each analysis year; retrospective study patients had an ADHD diagnosis and ≥2 years’ observation before and after diagnosis. Endpoints were annual prevalence and incidence of ADHD in Japan, prevalence and risk ratio of each psychiatric comorbidity in patients with ADHD, prevalence and risk ratios of ADHD in patients with each psychiatric comorbidity, and prevalence of psychiatric disorders before/after the initial ADHD diagnosis.ResultsADHD prevalence in children/adolescents and adults increased each year from 2017 to 2021. Prevalence in boys was 3.5–4.1 times higher than in girls. Prevalence in adults was lower than in children/adolescents, with a small sex difference. ADHD was highly comorbid with various psychiatric disorders. In 2019, the most common comorbidity in children/adolescents with ADHD was autism spectrum disorder (ASD; 54.4%); in adults, it was mood disorders (60.9%). ADHD prevalence in patients with various psychiatric disorders was higher than in the control population. ADHD prevalence was highest in patients with oppositional defiance disorder among both children/adolescents and adults (77.2% and 69.2%, respectively). In the retrospective cohort study (N = 14,940), the most common psychiatric disorders diagnosed prior to ADHD diagnosis were ASD in children/adolescents (33.9% of patients), and mood disorders and sleep disorders in adults (36.9% and 23.8% of patients, respectively).DiscussionADHD was comorbid with various psychiatric disorders in Japan. In children and adolescents with ADHD, ASD was often diagnosed prior to ADHD. Psychiatric disorders, especially mood disorders and sleep disorders, were frequently diagnosed prior to the initial ADHD diagnosis in adults. The likelihood of comorbid ADHD should be considered when diagnosing adult patients with psychiatric disorders.