As of January 2024, there were over *********** foreign nationals residing in community of the Spanish capital. This figure has been fluctuating throughout the period, going over the *********** mark for the first time in 2009 and showing a downtrend until 2021. The number of Spanish residents in Madrid stood at **** million as of 2024.

Historical dataset of population level and growth rate for the Madrid, Spain metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Spain Population: Madrid data was reported at 6,576,009.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,507,184.000 Person for 2016. Spain Population: Madrid data is updated yearly, averaging 6,271,638.000 Person from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2017, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,576,009.000 Person in 2017 and a record low of 5,091,336.000 Person in 1997. Spain Population: Madrid data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Statistics Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.G001: Population: at 1st of January.

As of January 2025, Andalusia was the most populated autonomous community in Spain, with a total amount of approximately 8.6 million inhabitants. Catalonia and Madrid followed closely, with populations amounting to approximately eight million and seven million respectively. The population in Spain has also been analyzed by gender and autonomous community.

In 1800, the population of Spain was approximately 14.7 million. This figure would rise consistently throughout the 19th century, and early 20th century. The population growth rate was set to increase in the mid-1900s, but this was interrupted by the Spanish Civil War, which would claim around half a million lives between 1936 and 1939. In spite of the war, the Spanish population continued to grow throughout these years, and reached 28 million by the middle of the century. Between the 1950s and 1970s, Spain observed a significant increase in its population growth, facilitated by the baby boom that followed the Second World War (as in most of Western Europe) as well as general medical improvements and increased life expectancy.

Beginning in the 1980s, Spain would begin a demographic transition marked by a dramatic drop in the fertility rate of the country, resulting in the population only growing by two million between the mid-1980s and 2000 (compared to an increase of two million every five or six years beforehand). There was a sharp rise in Spain’s population from 2000 to 2008, as strong economic growth would be accompanied by a dramatic surge in immigration to the country. This would plateau at just over 46 million in 2008 however, as the Great Recession took its toll on the country’s economy, and in 2020, Spain is estimated to have a population of approximately 46.8 million, which is the sixth-largest in Europe.

Organic waste production has greatly increased following human sprawl and led to the development of landfills in recent decades. This abundant and reliable anthropogenic food source has favoured several species, some of which consequently became overabundant. Landfills present hazards to wildlife, which may suffocate on plastic materials, tangle on cords, and get exposed to pollutants and pathogens. In response to environmental and public health concerns over the maintenance of landfills, the European Commission proposed to close the landfills. Our objective was to determine the impact of the Landfill European Directive on the White Stork, Ciconia ciconia, whose population recovery and growth were linked to landfill exploitation. We implemented species distribution models to project future distribution in the absence of landfills in the Community of Madrid (Spain). Habitat suitability was estimated based on nest occurrence and we included data from land cover types, human population den..., Direct census searching for nests in the whole Community of Madrid.,

As recorded by the source, Moroccans ranked as the foreign nationality with more residents in Spain in 2023, closely followed by Romanians. After years of losing its foreign population, Spain’s immigration figures started to pick up in 2015, with the number of people that moved to the Mediterranean country surpassing the number of foreigners that decided to leave.

A matter of balance The net migration rate of Spain changed its course mainly due to the great inflow of foreigners that move to reside in the Mediterranean country. Spain’s immigration flow slowed down after the 2008 financial crisis, albeit the number of foreigners that opted to change their residence saw a significant growth in the last years. In 2022, Colombians ranked first as the foreign nationality that most relocated to Spain, distantly followed by Moroccans and Ukranians.

Spain does not have the highest number of immigrants in Europe In recent years, the European Union confronted a rising number of refugees arriving from the Middle East. Migration figures show that Germany accommodated approximately 15 million foreign-born citizens, ranking it as the country that most hosted immigrants in Europe in 2022. By comparison, Spain’s foreign population stood slightly over seven million, positioning the Western Mediterranean country third on the European list of foreign-born population. Unfortunately, thousands of persons have died ore gone missing trying to reach Spanish territory, as more and more irregular migrants opt to use dangerous maritime routes to arrive at Southern Europe from Africa's coasts.

The Spain condominiums and apartments market, valued at approximately €XX million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 5.40% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Firstly, Spain's burgeoning tourism sector consistently demands increased accommodation options, driving investment in both new construction and renovations. Secondly, a growing urban population, particularly in major cities like Madrid and Barcelona, creates sustained demand for modern, comfortable housing. Thirdly, favorable government policies and incentives aimed at stimulating the real estate sector contribute to market dynamism. While challenges exist, such as fluctuating interest rates and potential construction material cost increases, the long-term outlook remains positive due to the strong underlying fundamentals of population growth and tourism. The market segmentation reveals significant regional variations. Barcelona and Madrid, as the largest cities, naturally dominate the market share, with Valencia, Malaga, and Catalonia also contributing substantially. Leading construction companies like Dragados Sociedad Anonima, Ferrovial Construccion SA, and Constructora San Jose SA play crucial roles in shaping the market landscape. Future growth will likely be influenced by evolving consumer preferences, including an increasing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings, smart home technologies, and flexible living spaces. The market's continued success hinges on addressing challenges such as maintaining affordability in the face of rising construction costs and ensuring sustainable development practices. Recent developments include: Oct 2022: A build-to-rent (BTR) cooperation between Layetana Living and Aviva Investors was established in Spain. According to the statement, the collaboration between Aviva and the Spanish developer Layetana will construct a more than EUR 500 million (USD 531.20 million) residential portfolio, already securing its first development project. Based on the recommendation of international real estate consultancy Knight Frank, the partnership purchased a 71-unit residential building in Barcelona's Sants neighborhood. Construction is scheduled to begin at the end of 2023., Sept 2022: Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices, a global residential real estate brokerage franchise network, expanded its services in the Valencian Community. It is now running with Maryana Kim directing a new office in Denia, in the northern section of the Costa Blanca. It was the fourth facility that Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Spain opened in 2022.. Notable trends are: Rise in International Buyers in Spain.

The Spain Commercial Real Estate industry is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 5% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Strong tourism, particularly in cities like Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia, is boosting demand for hospitality and retail spaces. Furthermore, a growing population and increasing urbanization are driving the need for more residential (multi-family) and office properties. Investment in logistics and industrial real estate is also significant, reflecting Spain's growing role in European supply chains. While challenges exist, including potential interest rate hikes impacting financing costs and fluctuations in the global economy, these are largely offset by the strong underlying fundamentals of the Spanish market. The sector's segmentation reflects diverse investment opportunities. Major cities like Madrid and Barcelona account for a substantial share of the market, but other cities like Valencia and Malaga are also demonstrating significant growth potential, reflecting a decentralization of economic activity and investment. Key players, including Merlin Properties, Via Celere, and Kronos Investment Group, are driving this growth through both development and acquisition. The study period (2019-2033) provides a comprehensive overview of the market's historical performance and future trajectory, allowing for informed investment decisions. The diverse segments within the Spanish commercial real estate market offer compelling investment prospects. The office sector remains a significant contributor, fueled by both established businesses and burgeoning startups. Retail real estate continues to evolve, with a shift towards experiential retail and a growing online presence requiring strategic adaptations. The logistics and industrial segments are experiencing particularly rapid growth due to increased e-commerce activity and the strategic location of Spain within the European Union. The hospitality sector, while sensitive to global economic conditions, benefits from Spain's enduring popularity as a tourist destination. The multi-family sector is also witnessing expansion to meet the housing needs of a growing population. Understanding the interplay between these segments, coupled with an analysis of regional variations and the key players involved, is crucial for investors seeking to navigate this dynamic market successfully. The forecast period (2025-2033) provides a valuable outlook on the future trajectory of this promising market. Considering the historical data (2019-2024) will help in creating a balanced understanding of the market fluctuations and potential future trends. Recent developments include: December 2022: GAena, the Spanish public company in charge of general aviation airports in Spain, announced today a call for tenders for 86 duty-free shops, all of which are indivisible, at 27 airports in its network. The bidding documents include six lots in total, which is twice the number of lots available in the previous tender. According to a press release issued by Aena, the tender will double the number of lots to increase and favor competition among global operators. The total commercial space available will exceed 66.000 square meters, allowing for the development of economies of scale., June 2022: Allianz Real Estate, acting on behalf of several Allianz group companies, paid EUR 185 million (USD 196.95 million) for a portfolio of nine prime residential buildings in Madrid's Chamartn district. The transaction consolidates Allianz Real Estate's ownership of the larger block and expands its exposure to the highly attractive Spanish PRS sector, particularly in Madrid. It is located next to Castellana 200, a mixed-use office and retail asset already owned by Allianz Real Estate. The nine assets include 245 residential units as well as additional retail space.. Notable trends are: Increasing demand for logistics property driving the market.

The Spanish used car market, valued at €45.40 million in 2025, exhibits robust growth potential, projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.25% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Increasing consumer preference for budget-friendly transportation options, coupled with the rising cost of new vehicles, significantly boosts demand for used cars. Furthermore, the expansion of online used car marketplaces like Weby Car and Autotrader, alongside established players like Clicars Spain SL and OcasionPlus, enhances market accessibility and transparency, driving sales. Government initiatives promoting sustainable mobility, while not explicitly stated, likely indirectly influence the market by potentially incentivizing the sale of used electric vehicles. However, the market faces challenges, including fluctuating fuel prices affecting consumer purchasing decisions and the ongoing impact of the global chip shortage which continues to ripple through the new car market, indirectly affecting used car pricing and availability. Segmentation analysis reveals a diverse market, encompassing various vehicle body styles (hatchbacks, sedans, SUVs), vendor types (organized and unorganized dealers), booking methods (online and offline), and fuel types (petrol, diesel, electric). The presence of both large international players like AUTO1 com GmbH and smaller, regional businesses suggests a competitive landscape. The geographic distribution of the market across Spain and its regional variations is likely influenced by factors such as population density, economic activity, and infrastructure development. Further analysis focusing on specific regions, such as Catalonia and Madrid, which represent significant portions of the Spanish population and economy, would likely reveal additional insights into market dynamics. While precise figures for regional market share are not available from the provided data, it is reasonable to assume that larger, more economically active regions will hold a greater market share. The competitive landscape within the market benefits from the variety of business models, reflecting diverse consumer preferences and market needs. Future growth prospects will be shaped by the interplay of economic conditions, technological advancements (e.g., in online platforms and vehicle technology), and evolving consumer preferences toward sustainability and affordability in the automotive sector. Successful players will likely be those who can adapt to these shifts and effectively reach target consumer segments. Recent developments include: January 2024: Norbolsa planned a digital platform for selling used cars in Spain with eight dealers and Arval, a BNP Paribas subsidiary. CaixaBank aims to boost consumer credit growth, offering pre-approved loans to low-risk customers., January 2024: Spain's government planned to expand its electric vehicle subsidy program, Moves III, to encompass pre-owned vehicles, provided they are less than one year old. Additionally, fleet operators are now eligible to apply for grants covering a greater number of electric vehicles compared to previous allowances.. Key drivers for this market are: Buyers Inclination Toward Affordable Used Cars to Fuel the Market Growth. Potential restraints include: Technology Advances, Older Used Cars May Lack the Latest Features. Notable trends are: The Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) and Multi-Purpose Vehicles (MPVs) Segment Holds a Significant Market Share.

The Spain Residential Real Estate market is experiencing robust growth, with a market size of €166.01 million in 2025 and a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.90% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Increasing urbanization and population growth within Spain are fueling demand for housing, particularly in major cities and coastal regions. Furthermore, favorable government policies aimed at stimulating the housing market, including tax incentives and mortgage accessibility schemes, are contributing to this positive trend. The rise of remote work also plays a significant role, attracting both domestic and international buyers seeking properties in more desirable locations. However, the market is not without its challenges. Rising construction costs and a limited supply of land in prime areas are potential constraints on growth. Competition amongst developers, like Acciona Inmobiliaria, MetroVacesa, Spain Homes, Q21 Real Estate, KRONOS, Via Celere, AELCA, Neinor Homes, Pryconsa, and AEDAS homes, is intensifying, leading to innovative approaches in design, sustainability, and affordability. Looking ahead, the Spanish residential real estate sector is poised for continued growth, albeit at a potentially moderated pace compared to recent years. The increasing adoption of sustainable building practices and smart home technologies is shaping the market. The ongoing economic recovery in Spain, combined with continued investment in infrastructure, is expected to further bolster demand. Nevertheless, careful monitoring of inflation, interest rates, and potential regulatory changes remains crucial for accurately forecasting future market performance. The diversity of players, ranging from large national developers to smaller, regional firms, indicates a dynamic and competitive market landscape. The consistent demand, combined with thoughtful development strategies, is expected to ensure the continued flourishing of the Spanish residential real estate industry throughout the forecast period. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Increasing Number of High Net-Worth Individuals (HNWIs). Potential restraints include: 4., Rising Interest Rates. Notable trends are: Rise in International Property Buyers in Spain.

In 2025, Moscow was the largest city in Europe with an estimated urban agglomeration of 12.74 million people. The French capital, Paris, was the second largest city in 2025 at 11.35 million, followed by the capitals of the United Kingdom and Spain, with London at 9.84 million and Madrid at 6.81 million people. Istanbul, which would otherwise be the largest city in Europe in 2025, is excluded as it is only partially in Europe, with a sizeable part of its population living in Asia. Europe’s population is almost 750 million Since 1950, the population of Europe has increased by approximately 200 million people, increasing from 550 million to 750 million in these seventy years. Before the turn of the millennium, Europe was the second-most populated continent, before it was overtaken by Africa, which saw its population increase from 228 million in 1950 to 817 million by 2000. Asia has consistently had the largest population of the world’s continents and was estimated to have a population of 4.6 billion. Europe’s largest countries Including its territory in Asia, Russia is by far the largest country in the world, with a territory of around 17 million square kilometers, almost double that of the next largest country, Canada. Within Europe, Russia also has the continent's largest population at 145 million, followed by Germany at 83 million and the United Kingdom at almost 68 million. By contrast, Europe is also home to various micro-states such as San Marino, which has a population of just 30 thousand.

The popularity of dogs in Spain cannot be denied – the number of hounds has only increased in the last years, reaching figures of approximately *** million in 2023. The number of stray and street dogs rescued on the Spanish streets also saw a considerable increase to over ******* in 2019. This figure dropped to ******* the following year. Dogs: Spain’s favorite domestic animal  Among the wide variety of animals kept as pets, cats and dogs are the most common. In Spain, dogs seem to be the most popular pet, with ** percent of Spanish households owing at least one canine. The share of households that owned a cat amounted to ** percent that year. How about cats?   Spanish homes had around 5.86 million pet cats in 2023, which is about half the number of that of dogs the same year. The number of rescued stray or street felines was also significantly lower compared to dogs, with approximately ******* cats collected from Spanish streets in 2020. The fate of rescued street and stray pets normally has a happy ending, with nearly half of them adopted by a new family and ** percent returned to their original homes that year.