Complete set of supplementary information, including supplementary methods, tables S1–S38, and figures S1–S2. (DOCX)

Mean area of MPAs in the Western Indian Ocean and numbers existing by decadal creation date.

Rapid deterioration of marine habitats and biodiversity under cumulative stressors have led to increased efforts to rebuild marine life. Yet, successes of such endeavors do not have prominent visibility in recent assessments, although these examples are particularly needed to guide future actions to achieve our shared aspiration of a healthy ocean. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of 217 verified marine conservation successes across the world’s oceans and the main traits involved. Our findings reveal a balanced geography of success across the world’s oceans and that human stewardship is essential for driving conservation success, especially when different stakeholders work together in rebuilding marine life. This assessment should inform future actions and build confidence that reversing the trajectory of loss towards repairing ocean health is feasible. It also provides a basis for a ‘learning by doing’ approach in guiding conservation success through an understanding of the ..., Retrieval of relevant reports For this dataset, the reports on marine conservation successes, which caused a significant positive change of an ecosystem component towards a previously documented state, were drawn from different sources (i.e., peer-reviewed publications, proceedings, dissertations, books, technical reports, popular science magazines, and grey literature). For the geographically-distributed search we used various combinations of the keywords ‘recovery’ AND/OR ‘stock increase’ AND/OR ‘population increase’ together with keywords for the respective, different ocean components (such as ‘reef’, ‘mangrove’, or ‘whale’) to retrieve relevant reports from the major literature databases, i.e., Web-of- Science, Google Scholar, JSTOR, PubMed and ScienceDirect. In addition, we used the ‘snowball’ sampling approach, where we manually searched the reference lists of the relevant publications on marine conservation successes to retrieve additional sources. We also further used a stratifi...,

Observadores del Mar is a marine citizen science platform launched in 2012 devoted to enhancing the understanding of the conservation status of marine ecosystems. The platform hosts 13 projects covering 8 main taxa: corals, jellyfishes, decapod crustaceans, fishes, seaweeds, seagrasses, seabirds and molluscs, in addition to two projects focused on marine litter and reporting information on two main topics: i) biodiversity data focusing mainly on species distribution and abundance, and ii) the impacts of anthropogenic activities (e.g. jellyfish blooms) and associated mid- to long-term changes (e.g. colonization of invasive species). Almost 5500 observations validated by scientists have been already collected resulting in more than 20 scientific papers and communications. The major findings have been new records of introduced and invasive species, tracking the spread of novel pen shell mortality outbreak in the Mediterranean Sea and monitoring microplastic concentration on beaches.

EMODnet Chemistry aims to provide access to marine chemistry data sets and derived data products concerning eutrophication, ocean acidification, contaminants and litter. The chosen parameters are relevant for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), in particular for descriptors 5, 8, 9 and 10. The dataset contains standardized, harmonized and validated data collections from beach litter (monitoring and other sources). Datasets concerning beach and seafloor litter data are loaded in a central database after a semi-automated validation phase. Once loaded, a data assessment is performed in order to check data consistency and potential errors are corrected thanks to a feedback loop with data originators. For beach litter, the harmonized datasets contain all unrestricted or SeaDataNet License EMODnet Chemistry data on beach litter data, including 12390 CDI records, in which 11152 refer to monitoring data, 1208 to data from cleaning surveys and 29 to data from research. A relevant part of the monitoring data has been considered for assessment purposes by the European institutions and therefore is tagged as MSFD_monitoring. The temporal range for monitoring data is from 2001-01-01 to 2020-08-26 and includes data from 582 beaches. For data from cleaning, the temporal range is from 2013-03-12 to 2020-04-22 and includes data from 831 beaches. For data from research, the temporal range is from 2014-04-07 to 2016-10-12 and includes data from 21 beaches. EMODnet beach litter data and databases are hosted and maintained by 'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Division of Oceanography (OGS/NODC)' from Italy. Data are formatted following Guidelines and forms for gathering marine litter data, which can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6092/15c0d34c-a01a-4091-91ac-7c4f561ab508. The updated vocabularies of admitted values are available in https://nodc.ogs.it/marinelitter/vocab. The harmonized datasets can be downloaded as EMODnet Beach litter data format Version 1.0, which is a spreadsheet file composed of 4 sheets: beach metadata, survey metadata, animals and litter. The original datasets can be searched and downloaded from EMODnet Chemistry Chemistry CDI Data and Discovery Access Service: https://emodnet-chemistry.maris.nl/search

Details for the current status calculation of goals and sub-goals that comprise the Ocean Health Index.

EMODnet Chemistry aims to provide access to marine chemistry data sets and derived data products concerning eutrophication, ocean acidification, contaminants and litter. The chosen parameters are relevant for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), in particular for descriptors 5, 8, 9 and 10. The dataset contains standardized, harmonized and validated data collections from beach litter (monitoring and other sources). Datasets concerning beach and seafloor litter data are loaded in a central database after a semi-automated validation phase. Once loaded, a data assessment is performed in order to check data consistency and potential errors are corrected thanks to a feedback loop with data originators. For beach litter, the harmonized datasets contain all unrestricted EMODnet Chemistry data on beach litter, including monitoring data, data from cleaning surveys and data from research. A relevant part of the monitoring data has been considered for assessment purposes by the European institutions and therefore is tagged as MSFD_monitoring. EMODnet beach litter data and databases are hosted and maintained by 'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Division of Oceanography (OGS/NODC)' from Italy. Data are formatted following Guidelines and forms for gathering marine litter data, which can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6092/15c0d34c-a01a-4091-91ac-7c4f561ab508. The updated vocabularies of admitted values are available in https://nodc.ogs.it/marinelitter/vocab. The harmonized datasets can be downloaded as EMODnet Beach litter data format Version 7.0, which is a spreadsheet file composed of 4 sheets: beach metadata, survey metadata, animals and litter.

Retrieval of relevant reports For this dataset, the reports on marine conservation successes, which caused a significant positive change of an ecosystem component towards a previously documented state, were drawn from different sources (i.e., peer-reviewed publications, proceedings, dissertations, books, technical reports, popular science magazines, and grey literature). For the geographically-distributed search we used various combinations of the keywords ‘recovery’ AND/OR ‘stock increase’ AND/OR ‘population increase’ together with keywords for the respective, different ocean components (such as ‘reef’, ‘mangrove’, or ‘whale’) to retrieve relevant reports from the major literature databases, i.e., Web-of- Science, Google Scholar, JSTOR, PubMed and ScienceDirect. In addition, we used the ‘snowball’ sampling approach, where we manually searched the reference lists of the relevant publications on marine conservation successes to retrieve additional sources. We also further used a str...

EMODnet Chemistry aims to provide access to marine chemistry datasets and derived data products concerning eutrophication, acidity and contaminants. The importance of the selected substances and other parameters relates to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). This aggregated dataset contains all unrestricted EMODnet Chemistry data profiles on eutrophication and acidity, and covers: the Artic Ocean, the North East Atlantic, the Greater North Sea and Celtic Seas, the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. ITS-90 water temperature and water body salinity variables have also been included ('as are') to complete the eutrophication and acidity data. If you use these variables for calculations, please refer to SeaDataNet for the quality flags: https://www.seadatanet.org/Products/Aggregated-datasets. This European dataset is the result of the aggregation of the regional datasets concerning eutrophication and acidity present in EMODnet Chemistry. The regional datasets are automatically harvested, and the resulting collections are aggregated and quality controlled using ODV Software and following a common methodology for all sea regions ( https://doi.org/10.13120/8xm0-5m67). Parameter names are based on P35 vocabulary, which relates to EMODnet Chemistry aggregated parameter names and is available at: https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/search_nvs/P35/. This process were regionally performed by: 'Institute of Marine Research - Norwegian Marine Data Centre (NMD)' (Norway), 'IFREMER / IDM / SISMER - Scientific Information Systems for the SEA' (France), 'Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Marine Ecology Roskilde' (Denmark), 'Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI)' (Sweden), 'Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Hellenic National Oceanographic Data Centre (HCMR/HNODC)' (Greece) and 'National Institute for Marine Research and Development 'Grigore Antipa' (Romania). When not present in original data, water body nitrate plus nitrite was calculated by summing all nitrate and nitrite parameters. The same procedure was applied for water body dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), which was calculated by summing all nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium parameters. Concentrations per unit mass were converted to a unit volume using a constant density of 1.025 kg/L. The aggregated dataset can be downloaded as an ODV collection.

Water_body_chlorophyll-a - Monthly Climatology for the European Seas for the period 1960-2023 on the domain from longitude -45.0 to 70.0 degrees East and latitude 24.0 to 83.0 degrees North. Data Sources: observational data from SeaDataNet/EMODnet Chemistry Data Network. Description of DIVA analysis: The computation was done with the DIVAnd (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis in n dimensions), version 2.7.12, using GEBCO 30sec topography for the spatial connectivity of water masses. Horizontal correlation length and vertical correlation length vary spatially depending on the topography and domain. Depth range: 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0, 65.0, 70.0, 75.0, 80.0, 85.0, 90.0, 95.0, 100.0, 125.0, 150.0, 175.0, 200.0, 225.0, 250.0, 275.0, 300.0, 325.0, 350.0, 375.0, 400.0, 425.0, 450.0, 475.0, 500.0, 550.0, 600.0, 650.0, 700.0, 750.0, 800.0, 850.0, 900.0, 950.0, 1000.0, 1050.0, 1100.0, 1150.0, 1200.0, 1250.0, 1300.0, 1350.0, 1400.0, 1450.0, 1500.0, 1550.0, 1600.0, 1650.0, 1700.0, 1750.0, 1800.0, 1850.0, 1900.0, 1950.0, 2000.0, 2100.0, 2200.0, 2300.0, 2400.0, 2500.0, 2600.0, 2700.0, 2800.0, 2900.0, 3000.0, 3100.0, 3200.0, 3300.0, 3400.0, 3500.0, 3600.0, 3700.0, 3800.0, 3900.0, 4000.0, 4100.0, 4200.0, 4300.0, 4400.0, 4500.0, 4600.0, 4700.0, 4800.0, 4900.0, 5000.0, 5100.0, 5200.0, 5300.0, 5400.0, 5500.0 m. Units: mg/m3. The horizontal resolution of the produced DIVAnd analysis is 0.25 degrees.

The subscripts D, O, HS, HI, HD, and AVG refer to currents or swimming components estimated under current fields originating from Drifters, OSCAR currents, HYCOM Shallow currents, HYCOM Intermediate currents, HYCOM Deep currents, and Average currents, respectively.

The impacts of climate change and the socioecological challenges they present are ubiquitous and increasingly severe. Practical efforts to operationalize climate-responsive design and management in the global network of marine protected areas (MPAs) are required to ensure long-term effectiveness for safeguarding marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here, we review progress in integrating climate change adaptation into MPA design and management and provide eight recommendations to expedite this process. Climate-smart management objectives should become the default for all protected areas, and made into an explicit international policy target. Furthermore, incentives to use more dynamic management tools would increase the climate change responsiveness of the MPA network as a whole. Given ongoing negotiations on international conservation targets, now is the ideal time to proactively reform management of the global seascape for the dynamic climate-biodiversity reality.

Methods Vulnerability of the existing global MPA network to climate change.

Data used to derive Figure 2 from Tittensor et al. (2019; Science Advances) on the time of emergence and historical variability for MPAs and the global ocean under RCP 8.5. Time of emergence refers to the year when projected mean sea surface temperature (SST) at a given location exceeds the bounds of pre-industrial conditions. Historical variability is the total thermal range, calculated from the detrended 1900 to 2018 SST time-series.

Historical surface temperature variability

Global 1 x 1° gridded monthly sea surface temperature (SST) data were extracted from the Met Office Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature data set between 1900 and 2018 (Rayner et al. 2003). These data are reconstructed from SST observations from the Met Office Marine Data Bank and the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). For each grid cell, the detrended SST series were obtained by taking the residuals from a fitted linear regression model with year as a covariate. We then calculated the range and standard deviation of the residuals to obtain proxies of SST variability that are independent of long-term trends attributable to climate change.

Future surface temperature exposure

We used the time of emergence (ToE) as an index of future climate exposure. ToE estimates were calculated as the year in which mean SST emerges from the background of natural variability and was obtained from (Henson et al. 2017) on a global 1 x 1° grid.

Temperature variability and emergence within MPAs

Information regarding the spatial distribution of all marine protected areas (MPAs) was assessed using the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) spatial shapefile (IUCN & UNEP-WCMC 2018). Since the resolution of the temperature and exposure observations was coarse (1°) relative to the size of many MPAs, temperature fields were related to MPAs in a two-step process. Firstly, the global 1° grid was overlaid on a spatial shapefile of MPAs to identify cells that were within the boundaries of MPA. Next, for all MPAs that did not have any overlaid cells, we identified the grid cell centroid that was geographically nearest, according to the great circle distance, to that MPA centroid. Through this process, each individual MPA was assigned at least one 1° grid cell, with the larger MPAs being assigned more.

Henson, S. A. et al.. Rapid emergence of climate change in environmental drivers of marine ecosystems. Nature Communications, 8, 1–9. (2017).

IUCN and UNEP-WCMC. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), 10/2018. Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net. (2018).

Rayner, N. A. et al. Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (D14), 1–37. (2003).

Tittensor, D. P. et al. Integrating climate adaptation and biodiversity conservation in the global ocean. Science Advances, in press. (2019).

Water_body_silicate - Monthly Climatology for the European Seas for the period 1960-2023 on the domain from longitude -45.0 to 70.0 degrees East and latitude 24.0 to 83.0 degrees North. Data Sources: observational data from SeaDataNet/EMODnet Chemistry Data Network. Description of DIVA analysis: The computation was done with the DIVAnd (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis in n dimensions), version 2.7.12, using GEBCO 30sec topography for the spatial connectivity of water masses. Horizontal correlation length and vertical correlation length vary spatially depending on the topography and domain. Depth range: 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0, 65.0, 70.0, 75.0, 80.0, 85.0, 90.0, 95.0, 100.0, 125.0, 150.0, 175.0, 200.0, 225.0, 250.0, 275.0, 300.0, 325.0, 350.0, 375.0, 400.0, 425.0, 450.0, 475.0, 500.0, 550.0, 600.0, 650.0, 700.0, 750.0, 800.0, 850.0, 900.0, 950.0, 1000.0, 1050.0, 1100.0, 1150.0, 1200.0, 1250.0, 1300.0, 1350.0, 1400.0, 1450.0, 1500.0, 1550.0, 1600.0, 1650.0, 1700.0, 1750.0, 1800.0, 1850.0, 1900.0, 1950.0, 2000.0, 2100.0, 2200.0, 2300.0, 2400.0, 2500.0, 2600.0, 2700.0, 2800.0, 2900.0, 3000.0, 3100.0, 3200.0, 3300.0, 3400.0, 3500.0, 3600.0, 3700.0, 3800.0, 3900.0, 4000.0, 4100.0, 4200.0, 4300.0, 4400.0, 4500.0, 4600.0, 4700.0, 4800.0, 4900.0, 5000.0, 5100.0, 5200.0, 5300.0, 5400.0, 5500.0 m. Units: umol/l. The horizontal resolution of the produced DIVAnd analysis is 0.25 degrees.

Live-streamed and archived audio data (~2018-present) from underwater microphones (hydrophones) containing marine biological signals as well as ambient ocean noise.

These data describe Chlorophyll a, Conductivity, Salinity, Sea Water Density, Sea Water Pressure, Sea Water Turbidity, Temperature: Water Temperature measurements from ACCESS CTD (Station 6-ME(w)), Line 6, Station ME(w), with measurements made from 2005-04-25T17:10:00Z to 2008-04-10T17:12:00Z. The Applied California Current Ecosystem Studies (ACCESS) program was formed in 2004 as a multidisciplinary collaborative between Point Blue Conservation Science, Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary and Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary. It supports marine wildlife conservation and healthy marine ecosystems in northern and central California through scientific research that informs resource managers, policy makers and conservation partners. ACCESS also works to coordinate private and governmental marine research at an ecosystem scale to address urgent local management needs. cdm_altitude_proxy=z cdm_data_type=TimeSeriesProfile cdm_profile_variables=time cdm_timeseries_variables=station,longitude,latitude contributor_email=cencoos_communications@mbari.org,pointblue@pointblue.org contributor_name=Central & Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS),Point Blue Conservation Science contributor_role=contributor,collaborator contributor_role_vocabulary=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ contributor_url=https://www.cencoos.org/,https://www.pointblue.org/ Conventions=IOOS-1.2, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 defaultDataQuery=sea_water_pressure,sea_water_density,sea_water_turbidity,sea_water_turbidity_qc_agg,sea_water_pressure_qc_agg,sea_water_temperature,sea_water_practical_salinity_qc_agg,sea_water_practical_salinity,sea_water_electrical_conductivity_qc_agg,mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water,mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water_qc_agg,sea_water_electrical_conductivity,sea_water_density_qc_agg,sea_water_temperature_qc_agg,z,time&time>=max(time)-3days Easternmost_Easting=-123.0653 featureType=TimeSeriesProfile geospatial_lat_max=37.7273 geospatial_lat_min=37.7273 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-123.0653 geospatial_lon_min=-123.0653 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=-2.0 geospatial_vertical_min=-57.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=up geospatial_vertical_units=m history=Downloaded from Point Blue Conservation Science id=access-ctd-station-6-me-w infoUrl=https://sensors.ioos.us/#metadata/120145/station institution=Applied California Current Ecosystem Studies (ACCESS) keywords_vocabulary=GCMD:GCMD Science Keywords, CF:NetCDF COARDS Climate and Forecast Standard Names naming_authority=us.ioos Northernmost_Northing=37.7273 platform=fixed platform_name=ACCESS CTD (Station 6-ME(w)), Line 6, Station ME(w) platform_vocabulary=https://mmisw.org/ont/ioos/platform processing_level=These data include the results of quality control tests performed by the data provider references=https://www.accessoceans.org/,, sourceUrl=https://www.accessoceans.org/ Southernmost_Northing=37.7273 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v93 station_id=120145 time_coverage_end=2008-04-10T17:12:00Z time_coverage_start=2005-04-25T17:10:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-123.0653

UNESCO fosters international cooperation in marine sciences to improve ocean management.

Metadata record for data from AAS (ASAC) project 2941.

This project replaced project 2301 after 2006-2007 (ASAC_2301).

Public This work addresses Australian Government marine mammal conservation, management and policy needs with an emphasis on priorities from the International Whaling Commission and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. The science outcomes will directly address knowledge gaps in our understanding of population structure, abundance, trend and distribution of the great whales and other predators, their ecological linkages and the role these animals play in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Such science forms a powerful unpinning of Australia's important and high profile policy and management objectives nationally and in international conventions.

Project objectives: This project has been specifically designed to deliver science outcomes against the Australian Government's marine mammal conservation, management and policy needs. It forms a central component of the work to be conducted by the staff of the newly established Australian Centre for Applied Marine Mammal Science (ACAMMS) in the AAD's Science Branch. The ACAMMS has been established as a central marine mammal science hub to build on existing, but disparate research and provide an integrated, strategic, cross-jurisdictional research effort to redress key knowledge gaps and underpin and support Australia's marine mammal conservation, management and policy priorities. The staff at the AAD hub will continue a research focus around IWC and Southern Ocean priorities.

The objectives of this project will build upon the work on trophic linkages of marine mammals and their prey conducted since 2002 (AAS 2301) and will be fully integrated with other marine mammal focused research projects (AAS 2683 and 2926 in particular).

The research emphasis will primarily focus upon the relevant scientific priorities from the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), but will also be responsive to needs identified in national recovery plans (for threatened species) and broader management and policy needs of the Department primarily of Environment and Heritage. The research in the Southern Ocean will focus on the great whales, but will necessarily include key elements of the remaining marine mammal fauna (e.g. fine to meso-scale trophic interactions of krill predators in the pack-ice) The major research objectives will be to: - further develop marine ecosystem modelling to investigate issues of: o spatial and dynamic aspects of top-down trophic linkages o spatially and temporally structured predator movement and foraging dynamics. This will assist in the determination of trophic niches and potential for ecological competition between krill predators. Further, it will establish linkages between predator dynamics at meso(regional) and large scales; - quantify the dynamics of marine mammal population structure, distribution, abundance and trend through methodological improvements and implementation of; o genetic techniques (AAS 2926) o passive acoustic techniques (AAS 2683) o line transect survey techniques o biologging (telemetry transmitters and data-loggers) - continued development and implementation of powerful, non-lethal research techniques to improve the understanding of marine mammals - develop and 'mine' the cetacean sightings and strandings databases that have been recently passed to the AAD Data Centre by the DEH in order to provide strategic and relevant outputs for marine mammal management and conservation needs (work to be done in conjunction with the AADC).

Taken from the 2008-2009 Progress Report: Progress against objectives: Animal tracking work: This work specifically defines the predator movement data needed as inputs into ecosystem models (Objective 1), as well as defines whale movements relevant to Objective 2. These data form an important component under Objective 3 of data needed to define management and conservation needs.

Genetics: This work determines sex and stock structure and is also relevant to all Objectives, and in most particularly to 2 and 3.

Aerial Survey: This major work contributes to understanding whale distribution in sea-ice and is highly relevant to all objectives.

Database work: a great deal of progress has been made in the development of the structure and functionality of the data base and data input procedures for cetacean sightings, particularly in relation to data collected by the oil and gas industry. This work is a major contribution to objective 4.

Taken from the 2009-2010 Progress Report:

Progress against objectives: The AMMC has made substantial progress against the objectives, having conducted a number of large-scale field campaigns in the last twelve months:

The second whale aerial survey was conducted successfully. This major work contributes to understanding whale distribution in sea-ice and is highly relevant to objectives 1, 2 and 3 as above.The previous survey in the 2008/09 summer was considered a 'pilot' and focussed on the Vincennes Bay polynya in December 2008. Survey effort this year (the austral summer of 2009/10) started in December 2009 and largely repeated the survey design from the first year, but also targeted areas around the Shackleton Ice Shelf and the Davis Sea, and finished with more effort over the Vincennes Bay polynya in late January and early February 2010. The aim of the aerial survey was to collaborate with a concurrent IWC-SOWER voyage surveying north of the ice edge, and to collect environmental information to study the distribution of minke whales within pack-ice environments. In total, 4,923 nm of effort was achieved, covering around 55,559 nm2 of survey area. Across the entire survey period there were 24 on-effort sightings (34 individuals) of minke whales; 5 sightings (5 individuals) of 'like' minke whales; and 5 sightings (5 individuals) of minke whales observed off-effort. Other species sighted were killer whales, southern right whales, sperm whales, southern bottlenose whales and a number of sightings of unknown species. Two papers were presented to the International Whaling Commission Scientific Committee in 2010 (please see section 1.6). The AMMC has produced basic estimates of relative densities in order to begin exploring abundance and distribution of minke whales within pack-ice both between and within the 2008/09 and 2009/10 austral summers in east Antarctica. These are, however, preliminary results and we intend to undertake a full analysis in the coming year.

The AMMC continued its work on biologging and genetic research, conducting two satellite tag deployments on whales in Australian waters, one in New Zealand waters and one in Antarctica in early 2010 (see below). The satellite telemetry work specifically defines the predator movement data needed as inputs into ecosystem models (Objective 1), as well as defines whale movements relevant to Objective 2. These data form an important component under Objective 3 of data needed to define management and conservation needs. The genetic work determines sex and stock structure and is also relevant to all Objectives, and in most particularly to 2 and 3. Please see attached table of usage for numbers of tags deployed and biopsies collected on each trip. These datasets will be used to define the spatial and temporal migratory behaviour of these whales in Australian waters and beyond. The AMMC has also continued to develop and refine the design of the satellite tags used, moving to a tag that now has two AA batteries, substantially increasing the potential tracking duration.

The joint Australian-New Zealand Antarctic Whale Expedition (AWE) completed its six week, non-lethal whale research voyage to Antarctic waters onboard the New Zealand Research Vessel Tangaroa on March 15th 2010 in Wellington, New Zealand. The research voyage was the first major activity of the Australian-led International Whaling Commission initiative in support of the multi-national Southern Ocean Research Partnership (SORP). The voyage objectives were to contribute directly to the research projects that are currently being developed for SORP. Major accomplishments of the AWE research voyage include: - Completion of the first successful non-lethal whale research voyage which directly contributes towards the core research projects of the Southern Ocean Research Partnership. - Demonstration of a successful model of using small boats, working around a capable ship, for non-lethal whale research in high latitude high seas. - The collection of over 60 biopsy skin samples, and over 60 individually identifiable tail fluke photographs from humpback whales on their Southern Ocean feeding grounds. - The satellite tagging of 30 humpback whales on their Southern Ocean feeding grounds. - The demonstration of the use of passive acoustics to track and locate vocalising Antarctic blue whales beginning at a distance of over 100 nautical miles. - The recording of humpback whale 'songs' on the feeding grounds. Prior to this, such songs have only been shown to occur on lower latitude breeding grounds and nearby migratory routes. - The detection of sounds most likely associated with Antarctic minke whales; a species that has been historically difficult to define acoustically. - The collection of hydro-acoustics data of whale prey in regions of high and low whale densities which can be used to better define the correlations between krill and whales in the Southern Ocean.

With regards the databases, a great deal of progress has been made in the development of the structure and functionality of the data base and data input procedures for cetacean sightings, particularly in relation to data collected by the oil and gas industry. This work is a major contribution to objective 4.

Taken from the 2010-2011 Progress Report: Public

Divers conducted reef visual census (RVC) fish surveys and habitat assessments at 433 sites in the Florida Keys, 436 sites in the Dry Tortugas and 320 sites in the Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative (SEFCRI) region. NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) divers collaborated with the University of Miami and the Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), Florida Fish and Wildlife Department/Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), State of Florida, Nova Southeastern University, and the National Park Service (South Florida and Caribbean Network). In total, it took 4718 dives to complete the 2014 mission to monitor reef fish community composition, habitat composition, and abundance and size structure for more than 300 reef fish species on Florida's coral reef tract. Data are used to assess population and habitat trends (e.g., whether species are overfished), ecosystem responses to fisheries management actions, including determining the effectiveness of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) and benthic community and coral demographics.

Reported additional distances traveled, extended trip times, calculated additional fuel expenses and additional crew food costs, and the estimated opportunity cost of lost time (wage rate) due to depredating killer whales (n = 846 sets).

These data describe Chlorophyll a, Conductivity, Salinity, Sea Water Density, Sea Water Pressure, Sea Water Turbidity, Temperature: Water Temperature measurements from ACCESS CTD (Station 6-ME(e)), Line 6, Station ME(e), with measurements made from 2005-04-25T18:11:00Z to 2008-04-10T16:23:00Z. The Applied California Current Ecosystem Studies (ACCESS) program was formed in 2004 as a multidisciplinary collaborative between Point Blue Conservation Science, Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary and Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary. It supports marine wildlife conservation and healthy marine ecosystems in northern and central California through scientific research that informs resource managers, policy makers and conservation partners. ACCESS also works to coordinate private and governmental marine research at an ecosystem scale to address urgent local management needs. _NCProperties=version=2,netcdf=4.7.4,hdf5=1.10.6 cdm_altitude_proxy=z cdm_data_type=TimeSeriesProfile cdm_profile_variables=time cdm_timeseries_variables=station,longitude,latitude contributor_email=pointblue@pointblue.org,cencoos_communications@mbari.org contributor_name=Point Blue Conservation Science,Central & Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS) contributor_role=collaborator,contributor contributor_role_vocabulary=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ contributor_url=https://www.pointblue.org/,http://cencoos.org/ Conventions=IOOS-1.2, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 defaultDataQuery=sea_water_pressure,sea_water_density,sea_water_turbidity,sea_water_turbidity_qc_agg,sea_water_pressure_qc_agg,sea_water_temperature,sea_water_practical_salinity_qc_agg,sea_water_practical_salinity,sea_water_electrical_conductivity_qc_agg,mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water,mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water_qc_agg,sea_water_electrical_conductivity,sea_water_density_qc_agg,sea_water_temperature_qc_agg,z,time&time>=max(time)-3days Easternmost_Easting=-123.0002 featureType=TimeSeriesProfile geospatial_lat_max=37.7286 geospatial_lat_min=37.7286 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-123.0002 geospatial_lon_min=-123.0002 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=-2.0 geospatial_vertical_min=-55.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=up geospatial_vertical_units=m history=Downloaded from Point Blue Conservation Science id=access-ctd-station-6-me-e infoUrl=https://sensors.ioos.us/#metadata/120144/station institution=Applied California Current Ecosystem Studies (ACCESS) keywords_vocabulary=GCMD:GCMD Science Keywords, CF:NetCDF COARDS Climate and Forecast Standard Names naming_authority=us.ioos Northernmost_Northing=37.7286 platform=fixed platform_name=ACCESS CTD (Station 6-ME(e)), Line 6, Station ME(e) platform_vocabulary=https://mmisw.org/ont/ioos/platform processing_level=These data include the results of quality control tests performed by the data provider references=https://www.accessoceans.org/,, sourceUrl=https://www.accessoceans.org/ Southernmost_Northing=37.7286 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v93 station_id=120144 time_coverage_end=2008-04-10T16:23:00Z time_coverage_start=2005-04-25T18:11:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-123.0002