Marine Biology - Continued Pre-Training Dataset

  Description

A corpus of Wikipedia articles covering marine biology and related domains, intended for continued pre-training (CPT) of language models on marine science knowledge.

  Content

Plain text articles scraped from Wikipedia across the following categories:

Marine Biology Marine Ecology Ocean Coral Reefs Marine Mammals Oceanography Fisheries Science Marine Conservation

  Dataset… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Meriem-DH/marine-dataset-cpt.

1Source: World Resources Institute [127].2Percentage of continental shelf within marine protected areas.3Percentage of coral reef MPAs judged to be effective in a rapid appraisal by regional experts. Developed from Burke et al. [24]. Both the Burke analysis and this one use the same definition of an MPA.4Percentage of reefs at medium or high risk from overfishing and destructive fishing. Developed from Burke et al. [24].5At 68,332 km2, Mayotte Marine Park is much larger than its continental shelf area. Until 31 March 2011, Mayotte was not an overseas department of France and separate figures for continental shelf were not attainable. The figure used as a conservative proxy is the size of its lagoon [123].6South Africa only includes KwaZulu Natal, the Province that borders the WIO. As continental shelf values for the province weren’t available, a conservative proxy of 10% of South Africa’s total shelf area was used.7Figures for continental shelf of the mainland and Zanzibar were unavailable, so an arbitrary split of 50% of Tanzania’s total shelf was used.*WIO values are totals.Extent of MPA coverage and effectiveness for coral reef MPAs in the Western Indian Ocean.

The Oceanographic dataset is a comprehensive collection of physical, chemical, and biological parameters designed for monitoring and predicting ocean deoxygenation. It includes key variables such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silicate), and biological indicators like chlorophyll-a concentration and primary productivity. This dataset plays a crucial role in identifying hypoxic zones, modeling oxygen dynamics, and tracking long-term deoxygenation trends driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities. By facilitating the development and validation of predictive models, it enhances the accuracy of forecasting future hypoxic events. Beyond deoxygenation analysis, the dataset supports broader applications, including climate impact studies, marine ecosystem health assessments, and policy-making for ocean conservation. With its rich temporal and spatial coverage, it serves as a valuable resource for scientific research, education, and data-driven decision-making in marine and environmental sciences.

Passive acoustic monitoring was used to document the presence of singing humpback whales off the coast of Northern Angola, and opportunistically test for the effect of seismic survey activity in the vicinity on the number of singing whales. Two Marine Autonomous Recording Units (MARUs) were deployed between March and December 2008 in the offshore environment. Song was first heard in mid June and continued through the remaining duration of the study. Seismic survey activity was heard regularly during two separate periods, consistently throughout July and intermittently in mid-October/November. Numbers of singers were counted during the first ten minutes of every hour for the period from 24 May to 1 December, and Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) were used to assess the effect of survey day (seasonality), hour (diel variation), moon phase and received levels of seismic survey pulses (measured from a single pulse during each ten-minute sampled period) on singer number. Application of GAMMs indicated significant seasonal variation, which was the most pronounced effect when assessing the full dataset across the entire season (p

Marine biodiversity indicators for ocean areas worldwide — exclusive economic zones, high seas (ABNJ) and ecologically significant areas (EBSA) — built from Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) the IOC-UNESCO global marine biodiversity database. For each area it summarises how many species and taxa have been recorded, the volume of observations, the share of IUCN-threatened species, and the time span of records, helping researchers, policymakers and the public assess and compare marine life across regions and support ocean conservation and SDG 14.

Reported additional distances traveled, extended trip times, calculated additional fuel expenses and additional crew food costs, and the estimated opportunity cost of lost time (wage rate) due to depredating killer whales (n = 846 sets).

Seaweed is a natural source of alginate, a substance composed of alginic acid units and calcium ions, known for its gelling capacity. This material induces self-association, forming stable micelles that create a hydrated layer on the surfaces of vessels, providing resistance to biofouling. The hydrogel can be crosslinked through physical mixing or by combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers, based on the principles of ecological chemistry. Blue-antifouling represents an innovation in its applicability, being a high-performance non-biocidal product that uses hydrodynamic principles to prevent biofouling in submerged structures. In addition, monitoring macroalgae bloom areas can boost the promotion of the bioeconomy, contributing to the advancement of research in the areas of Marine Science and Technology.

The global oceans are facing a plethora of pressures, leading to cross-national impacts on marine ecosystems, wildlife, and resource users. Interdisciplinarity is integrating knowledge and methods from different disciplines to generate a comprehensive output. Due to the trans-boundary nature of marine habitats and stressors, interdisciplinary research forms the basis to addressing pressing matters in ocean health and conservation. To this end, the Marine Environment and Resources (MER) master programme was developed at the beginning of the century, enabling students to develop a well-rounded understanding of ocean science. The programme has since become a recognised Erasmus Mundus degree and has had almost 400 graduates. In September 2022, the first MER community summit was held, being a landmark for the building of a long-lasting global community to discuss and deal with priority challenges of the UN Decade of Oceans Science. This summit has highlighted that to understand the state of the oceans and improve conservation efforts, international collaboration is required (including those out with the academic realm). The following article aims to highlight the successes of the programme in aiding the development and training of interdisciplinary researchers from a plethora of backgrounds, uniquely suitable for addressing current problems.

Observadores del Mar is a marine citizen science platform launched in 2012 devoted to enhancing the understanding of the conservation status of marine ecosystems. The platform hosts 13 projects covering 8 main taxa: corals, jellyfishes, decapod crustaceans, fishes, seaweeds, seagrasses, seabirds and molluscs, in addition to two projects focused on marine litter and reporting information on two main topics: i) biodiversity data focusing mainly on species distribution and abundance, and ii) the impacts of anthropogenic activities (e.g. jellyfish blooms) and associated mid- to long-term changes (e.g. colonization of invasive species). Almost 12000 observations validated by scientists have been already collected resulting in more than 20 scientific papers and communications. The major findings have been new records of introduced and invasive species, tracking the spread of novel pen shell mortality outbreak in the Mediterranean Sea and monitoring microplastic concentration on beaches.

The percentage of sets (NMFS observer data 1998–2012) or skates (NMFS longline survey data 1998–2012; [5]) affected by killer whale depredation by target species and management area, with sample size included for each item. Results from written surveys [7] and depredation data sheets are also included.

EMODnet Chemistry aims to provide access to marine chemistry data sets and derived data products concerning eutrophication, ocean acidification, contaminants and litter. The chosen parameters are relevant for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), in particular for descriptors 5, 8, 9 and 10. The dataset contains standardized, harmonized and validated data collections from beach litter (monitoring and other sources). Datasets concerning beach and seafloor litter data are loaded in a central database after a semi-automated validation phase. Once loaded, a data assessment is performed in order to check data consistency and potential errors are corrected thanks to a feedback loop with data originators. For beach litter, the harmonized datasets contain all unrestricted or SeaDataNet License EMODnet Chemistry data on beach litter data, including 12390 CDI records, in which 11152 refer to monitoring data, 1208 to data from cleaning surveys and 29 to data from research. A relevant part of the monitoring data has been considered for assessment purposes by the European institutions and therefore is tagged as MSFD_monitoring. The temporal range for monitoring data is from 2001-01-01 to 2020-08-26 and includes data from 582 beaches. For data from cleaning, the temporal range is from 2013-03-12 to 2020-04-22 and includes data from 831 beaches. For data from research, the temporal range is from 2014-04-07 to 2016-10-12 and includes data from 21 beaches. EMODnet beach litter data and databases are hosted and maintained by 'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Division of Oceanography (OGS/NODC)' from Italy. Data are formatted following Guidelines and forms for gathering marine litter data, which can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6092/15c0d34c-a01a-4091-91ac-7c4f561ab508. The updated vocabularies of admitted values are available in https://nodc.ogs.it/marinelitter/vocab. The harmonized datasets can be downloaded as EMODnet Beach litter data format Version 1.0, which is a spreadsheet file composed of 4 sheets: beach metadata, survey metadata, animals and litter. The original datasets can be searched and downloaded from EMODnet Chemistry Chemistry CDI Data and Discovery Access Service: https://emodnet-chemistry.maris.nl/search

The global oceans are facing a plethora of pressures, leading to cross-national impacts on marine ecosystems, wildlife, and resource users. Interdisciplinarity is integrating knowledge and methods from different disciplines to generate a comprehensive output. Due to the trans-boundary nature of marine habitats and stressors, interdisciplinary research forms the basis to addressing pressing matters in ocean health and conservation. To this end, the Marine Environment and Resources (MER) master programme was developed at the beginning of the century, enabling students to develop a well-rounded understanding of ocean science. The programme has since become a recognised Erasmus Mundus degree and has had almost 400 graduates. In September 2022, the first MER community summit was held, being a landmark for the building of a long-lasting global community to discuss and deal with priority challenges of the UN Decade of Oceans Science. This summit has highlighted that to understand the state of the oceans and improve conservation efforts, international collaboration is required (including those out with the academic realm). The following article aims to highlight the successes of the programme in aiding the development and training of interdisciplinary researchers from a plethora of backgrounds, uniquely suitable for addressing current problems.

EMODnet Chemistry aims to provide access to marine chemistry data sets and derived data products concerning eutrophication, ocean acidification, contaminants and litter. The chosen parameters are relevant for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), in particular for descriptors 5, 8, 9 and 10. The dataset contains standardized, harmonized and validated data collections from beach litter (monitoring and other sources). Datasets concerning beach and seafloor litter data are loaded in a central database after a semi-automated validation phase. Once loaded, a data assessment is performed in order to check data consistency and potential errors are corrected thanks to a feedback loop with data originators. For beach litter, the harmonized datasets contain all unrestricted EMODnet Chemistry data on beach litter, including monitoring data, data from cleaning surveys and data from research. A relevant part of the monitoring data has been considered for assessment purposes by the European institutions and therefore is tagged as MSFD_monitoring. EMODnet beach litter data and databases are hosted and maintained by 'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Division of Oceanography (OGS/NODC)' from Italy. Data are formatted following Guidelines and forms for gathering marine litter data, which can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6092/15c0d34c-a01a-4091-91ac-7c4f561ab508. The updated vocabularies of admitted values are available in https://nodc.ogs.it/marinelitter/vocab. The harmonized datasets can be downloaded as EMODnet Beach litter data format Version 7.0, which is a spreadsheet file composed of 4 sheets: beach metadata, survey metadata, animals and litter.

The original model for each response contained all main effects and their two-way interactions. Geography indicates mainland - island environments. The best-fit top model was reached after step-wise backwards elimination of non-significant predictors; significant parameters for each final model are highlighted in bold.

No description is available. Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/sha256%3A6f6e62bf340b260c829194cc89ae3a54aeb6f9dc2200b0be3c5c33bac80ac1de for complete metadata about this dataset.

UNESCO fosters international cooperation in marine sciences to improve ocean management.

Water_body_silicate - Monthly Climatology for the European Seas for the period 1960-2023 on the domain from longitude -45.0 to 70.0 degrees East and latitude 24.0 to 83.0 degrees North. Data Sources: observational data from SeaDataNet/EMODnet Chemistry Data Network. Description of DIVA analysis: The computation was done with the DIVAnd (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis in n dimensions), version 2.7.12, using GEBCO 30sec topography for the spatial connectivity of water masses. Horizontal correlation length and vertical correlation length vary spatially depending on the topography and domain. Depth range: 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0, 65.0, 70.0, 75.0, 80.0, 85.0, 90.0, 95.0, 100.0, 125.0, 150.0, 175.0, 200.0, 225.0, 250.0, 275.0, 300.0, 325.0, 350.0, 375.0, 400.0, 425.0, 450.0, 475.0, 500.0, 550.0, 600.0, 650.0, 700.0, 750.0, 800.0, 850.0, 900.0, 950.0, 1000.0, 1050.0, 1100.0, 1150.0, 1200.0, 1250.0, 1300.0, 1350.0, 1400.0, 1450.0, 1500.0, 1550.0, 1600.0, 1650.0, 1700.0, 1750.0, 1800.0, 1850.0, 1900.0, 1950.0, 2000.0, 2100.0, 2200.0, 2300.0, 2400.0, 2500.0, 2600.0, 2700.0, 2800.0, 2900.0, 3000.0, 3100.0, 3200.0, 3300.0, 3400.0, 3500.0, 3600.0, 3700.0, 3800.0, 3900.0, 4000.0, 4100.0, 4200.0, 4300.0, 4400.0, 4500.0, 4600.0, 4700.0, 4800.0, 4900.0, 5000.0, 5100.0, 5200.0, 5300.0, 5400.0, 5500.0 m. Units: umol/l. The horizontal resolution of the produced DIVAnd analysis is 0.25 degrees.

No description is available. Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/sha256%3Ac7e1c8950958e976d3eee9672d8f229230f0fc1ad35584e3b5f895360352f570 for complete metadata about this dataset.

These data describe Chlorophyll a, Conductivity, Salinity, Sea Water Density, Sea Water Pressure, Sea Water Turbidity, Temperature: Water Temperature measurements from ACCESS CTD (Station 6-ME(w)), Line 6, Station ME(w), with measurements made from 2005-04-25T17:10:00Z to 2008-04-10T17:12:00Z. The Applied California Current Ecosystem Studies (ACCESS) program was formed in 2004 as a multidisciplinary collaborative between Point Blue Conservation Science, Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary and Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary. It supports marine wildlife conservation and healthy marine ecosystems in northern and central California through scientific research that informs resource managers, policy makers and conservation partners. ACCESS also works to coordinate private and governmental marine research at an ecosystem scale to address urgent local management needs. cdm_altitude_proxy=z cdm_data_type=TimeSeriesProfile cdm_profile_variables=time cdm_timeseries_variables=station,longitude,latitude contributor_email=cencoos_communications@mbari.org,pointblue@pointblue.org contributor_name=Central & Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS),Point Blue Conservation Science contributor_role=contributor,collaborator contributor_role_vocabulary=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ contributor_url=https://www.cencoos.org/,https://www.pointblue.org/ Conventions=IOOS-1.2, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 defaultDataQuery=sea_water_pressure,sea_water_density,sea_water_turbidity,sea_water_turbidity_qc_agg,sea_water_pressure_qc_agg,sea_water_temperature,sea_water_practical_salinity_qc_agg,sea_water_practical_salinity,sea_water_electrical_conductivity_qc_agg,mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water,mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water_qc_agg,sea_water_electrical_conductivity,sea_water_density_qc_agg,sea_water_temperature_qc_agg,z,time&time>=max(time)-3days Easternmost_Easting=-123.0653 featureType=TimeSeriesProfile geospatial_lat_max=37.7273 geospatial_lat_min=37.7273 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-123.0653 geospatial_lon_min=-123.0653 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=-2.0 geospatial_vertical_min=-57.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=up geospatial_vertical_units=m history=Downloaded from Point Blue Conservation Science id=access-ctd-station-6-me-w infoUrl=https://sensors.ioos.us/#metadata/120145/station institution=Applied California Current Ecosystem Studies (ACCESS) keywords_vocabulary=GCMD:GCMD Science Keywords, CF:NetCDF COARDS Climate and Forecast Standard Names naming_authority=us.ioos Northernmost_Northing=37.7273 platform=fixed platform_name=ACCESS CTD (Station 6-ME(w)), Line 6, Station ME(w) platform_vocabulary=https://mmisw.org/ont/ioos/platform processing_level=These data include the results of quality control tests performed by the data provider references=https://www.accessoceans.org/,, sourceUrl=https://www.accessoceans.org/ Southernmost_Northing=37.7273 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v93 station_id=120145 time_coverage_end=2008-04-10T17:12:00Z time_coverage_start=2005-04-25T17:10:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-123.0653

NWFSC scientists are studying the biological effects of ocean acidification on larval geoduck, Pacific oyster, krill, copepods and pteropods (zooplankton that are food for the fish we eat), Dungeness crabs, market squid, surfsmelt and rockfish, all North Pacific species of economic, ecological, or conservation concern that are potentially vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification, climat...