Publication speed, impact, uncited share, self-citation, retractions and scale for Ocean and Coastal Management and Frontiers in Marine Science, each metric with its unit and which direction is better.

Publication speed, impact, uncited share, self-citation, retractions and scale for Applied Ocean Research and Journal of Marine Science and Technology, each metric with its unit and which direction is better.

This dataset includes marine biological occurrence data managed by the Ocean Biodiversity Information System USA (OBIS-USA). The data were observed between 1833 and 2025-10-20. These data were last updated by OBIS-USA on 2026-06-25 and were received by NCEI on 2026-06-25.

OBIS-USA brings together marine biological occurrence data – recorded observations of identifiable marine species at a known time and place, collected primarily from U.S. waters or with U.S. funding. Coordinated by the Science Analytics and Synthesis (SAS) program of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), OBIS-USA, strives to meet national data integration and dissemination needs for marine data about organisms and ecosystems. OBIS-USA is part of an international data sharing network (Ocean Biogeographic Information System, OBIS) coordinated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Science and Cultural Organization) International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange. Federal coordination is done in collaboration with the participants of the ad hoc Biodiversity working group organized under the Interagency Working Group on Ocean Partnerships Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology.

NCEI Accession 0157036 contains oceanographic and surface meteorological data collected from an automated shore station with a suite of sensors that are attached to Stearns Wharf along the nearshore California coast. These automated sensors measure CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION, CONDUCTIVITY, DEPTH - OBSERVATION, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, SALINITY, WATER DENSITY and WATER TEMPERATURE at frequent intervals in the nearshore coastal ocean. These data can provide local and regional information on mixing and upwelling, land run-off, and algal blooms. Marine Science Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara, collected the data and provided the data to SCCOOS, which assembles data from Marine Science Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara, and other sub-regional coastal and ocean observing systems of the Southern California Coastal United States, submitted the data to NCEI as part of the Integrated Ocean Observing System Data Assembly Centers (IOOS DACs) Data Stewardship Program.The data are made available in netCDF formatted files, which follow the Climate and Forecast metadata convention (CF) and the Attribute Convention for Data Discovery (ACDD). Each quarter, NCEI adds to this accession the data collected or updated during the previous quarter.

Northeastern Regional Association Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS) Gulf of Maine Buoy A01 - Massachusetts Bay. University of Maine real-time buoy observations in the Gulf of Maine at NERACOOS site A01 - Massachusetts Bay, located at 42d 31.392m N, 70d 33.930m W SE of Gloucester. Oceanographic measurements of temperature, conductivity,salinity, and density at a depth of 20 meters were taken hourly. acknowledgement=The University of Maine Ocean Observing System (UMOOS) is funded in part through NERACOOS and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). UMOOS is coordinated by the University of Maine's Physical Oceanography Group (PhOG). acknowledgment=Buoys operated by the University of Maine Physical Oceanography Group (PhOG) are funded in part through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). breakout_id=4 buffer_type=sbe37 cdm_data_type=TimeSeries cdm_timeseries_variables=station, longitude, latitude clock_time=Center of period comment=University of Maine, Physical Oceanography Group contact=um_phog_dmac@umeoce.maine.edu contributor_email=info@neracoos.org,info@gmri.org contributor_name=NERACOOS,Gulf of Maine Research Institute contributor_role=funder,distributor contributor_role_vocabulary=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ contributor_url=http://neracoos.org,http://www.gmri.org Conventions=CF-1.8,ACDD-1.3,IOOS-1.2, COARDS date_metadata_modified=2026-10-05T04:38:39Z delta_t=60 depth_datum=Sea Level Easternmost_Easting=-70.5655 ending_time=1.7911728E9 ending_time_string=2026-10-05T04:00:00Z featureType=TimeSeries geospatial_bounds=POINT (-70.5655 42.5232) geospatial_bounds_crs=EPSG:4326 geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs=EPSG:5831 geospatial_lat_max=42.5243 geospatial_lat_min=42.5231 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.01 degrees geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-70.5655 geospatial_lon_min=-70.5663 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.001 degrees geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=10.0 geospatial_vertical_min=10.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=down geospatial_vertical_resolution=0.5 meter geospatial_vertical_units=m grid_mapping_epsg_code=EPSG:4326 grid_mapping_inverse_flattening=298.257223563 grid_mapping_long_name=coordinate_reference_system grid_mapping_longitude_of_prime_meridian=0.0 grid_mapping_name=latitude_longitude grid_mapping_semi_major_axis=6378137.0 gts_ingest=true history=Ocean Data Acquisition Systems (ODAS) Buoy id=A0151.ocean.010m.merged_20261005T043839.239.nc infoUrl=https://oceandata.umeoce.maine.edu/buoy/A01 institution=Physical Oceanography Group, School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine institution_url=http://gyre.umeoce.maine.edu instrument=In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Profilers/Sounders > STC instrument_number=1 instrument_vocabulary=NASA/GCMD Instrument Keywords Version 8.1 ioos_ingest=true julian_day_convention=Julian date convention begins at 00:00:00 UTC on 17 November 1858 AD keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords last_modified=2026-10-05T04:00:00Z magnetic_variation=-14.8 metadata_link=https://oceandata.umeoce.maine.edu/buoy/A01/metadata mooring_history=2026-10-05T00:11Z deployed by R/V Connecticut

mooring_site_desc=SE of Gloucester mooring_site_id=A0151 naming_authority=edu.maine nco_openmp_thread_number=1 Northernmost_Northing=42.5243 number_observations_per_hour=1 operator_sector=academic platform=moored_buoy platform_id=A01 platform_name=A01 - Massachusetts Bay platform_vocabulary=https://mmisw.org/ont/ioos/platform position_datum=WGS 84 principal_investigator=Dr. Neal R. Pettigrew principal_investigator_email=nealp@maine.edu principal_investigator_institution=University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences processing=merged processing_level=Realtime preliminary QC program=Integrated Ocean Observing System project=NERACOOS/MWRA project_url=http://www.neracoos.org references=http://gyre.umeoce.maine.edu/data/gomoos/buoy/doc/buoy_system_doc/buoy_system/book1.html sea_name=Gulf of Maine site_id=A01 site_latitude=42.5232 site_longitude=-70.5655 source=Ocean Data Acquisition Systems (ODAS) Buoy sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=42.5231 sponsor=NOAA standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v72 starting_time=1.791162E9 starting_time_string=2026-10-05T01:00:00Z station_photo_url=http://gyre.umeoce.maine.edu/images/gomoosbuoy.jpg station_type=Surface Mooring subsetVariables=latitude, longitude, depth, station, deployment, time, conductivity, conductivity_qc_agg, conductivity_qc_tests, conductivity_qc, temperature, temperature_qc_agg, temperature_qc_tests, temperature_qc, pressure_qc_agg, pressure_qc_tests, pressure_qc, data_source, instrument_1, crs testOutOfDate=now-1day time_coverage_duration=PT3H time_coverage_end=2026-10-16T11:00:00Z time_coverage_resolution=PT60M time_coverage_start=2021-06-17T03:00:00Z time_deployed=2026-09-30T12:00Z time_recovered=0000-00-00T00:00Z time_zone=UTC uuid=n null Westernmost_Easting=-70.5663 wmo_platform_code=44029

Publication speed, impact, uncited share, self-citation, retractions and scale for Ocean Dynamics and Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, each metric with its unit and which direction is better.

Zooplankton, temperature, hydrochemical, and other data were collected from bottle and nets casts in the South China Sea from the Samudera from 21 September 1979 to 29 September 1979. Bottle data include profiles of temperature, salinity, and pH. Bottle data also include concentration profiles of oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate. Net data include zooplankton displaced volumes. Data was submitted by the Institute of Marine Research and is in a comma separated value (.csv) format.

This collection consists of temperature profile data collected from numerous platforms within a 1-mile radius of Ocean Weather Stations A (62°00'N 033°00'W), B (56°30'N 051°00'W), C (52°45'N 035°30'W), D (44°00'N 041°00'W), E (35°00'N 048°00'W), and H (38°00'N 071°00'W), J (52°30'N 020°00'W), K (45°00'N 016°00'W), M (66°00'N 002°00'E), N (30°00'N 140°00'W), P (50°00'N 145°00'W), S (32°10'N 064°30'W), V (34°00'N 164°00'E), and in transit. Data were collected by numerous organizations, primarily the United States Coast Guard and United States Navy from 01 February 1947 to 31 December 1977. Most platforms were equipped and staffed to observe weather and sea conditions. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format or the NODC standard Station Data II Output Format (SD2).

Under the 1949 revised North Atlantic Ocean Stations (NAOS) Agreement of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), ten weather stations served by 25 vessels would be maintained in the North Atlantic. of the ten stations, six stations were allocated to the United States, some of which would be operated jointly. In the North Pacific Ocean prior to the outbreak of the Korean Conflict, U.S. Coast Guard cutters were stationed at two Ocean Stations. After the start of the conflict, the service added three more stations in the North Pacific.

The Oceanographic Station Data format contains physical-chemical oceanographic data recorded at discrete depth levels. Most of the observations were made using multi-bottle Nansen casts or other types of water samplers. A small amount (about 5 percent) were obtained using electronic CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) or STD (salinity- temperature-depth) recorders. The CTD/STD data were reported to NODC at depth levels equivalent to Nansen cast data, however, and have been processed and stored the same as the Nansen data. Cruise information (e.g., ship, country, institution), position, date, and time, and reported for each station. The principal measured parameters and temperature and salinity , but dissolved oxygen, phosphate, total phosphorus, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and pH may be reported. Meteorological conditions at the time of the cast (e.g., air temperature and pressure, wind, waves) may also be reported, as well as auxiliary data such as water color (Forel-Ule scale), water transparency (Secchi disk depth), and depth to bottom. Values of density (sigma-t) sound velocity, and dynamic depth anomaly are computed from measured parameters. Each station contains the measurements taken at the observed depth levels, but also includes data values interpolated to a set of standard depth levels.

The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instrument. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles at depths of about 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Cruise information, position, date, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT data file, in which temperature values are recorded at uniform 5m intervals, the XBT Data File contains temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths are at a minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to record the temperature curve to an acceptable degree of accuracy. On output, however, the user may request temperature values either at inflection points or interpolated to uniform depth increments.

The UBT file format is also used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using the mechanical bathythermograph (MBT) instrument. The maximum depth of MBT observations is approximately 285 m. Therefore, MBT data are useful only in studying the thermal structure of the upper layers of the ocean. Cruise information, date, position, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Temperature data in this file are recorded at uniform 5 m depth intervals.

Our 4D-VAR data synthesis system is developed as a part of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)-Kyoto University collaborative program (known as "the K7 consortium"). The Ocean General Circulation Model is version 3 of the GFDL Modular Ocean Model (MOM3), which is equipped with several sophisticated schemes; e.g., Noh scheme for mixed layer physics, the Gent and McWilliams (GM) scheme for isopycnal mixing, and quicker advection scheme. The horizontal resolution is 1o in both latitude and longitude, with 46 vertical levels spaced from 10 m near the sea surface to 400 m at the bottom. This model is better able to reproduce ocean circulation processes and is expected to form a platform suitable for the use of the 4D-VAR adjoint model. 4D-VAR adjoint data assimilation approach is applied. The adjoint codes of the OGCM were obtained using the Tangent linear and Adjoint Model Compiler (TAMC) and the Transformation of Algorithms in Fortran (TAF).In the 4D-VAR approach, optimized 4-dimensional datasets are sought by minimizing a cost function.

Physical parameters: The assimilated elements in this study are temperature and salinity from ENSEMBLES (EN3) dataset which was quality controlled using a comprehensive set of objective checks developed at the Hadley Centre of the UK Meteorological Office. This dataset is largely composed of observations from the World Ocean Database 2005 and supplemented by data from the GTSPP (Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program) and Argo autonomous profiling floats. In addition of EN3 dataset, recent independent MIRAI RV profiles are simultaneously synthesized. Sea-surface dynamic-height anomaly data derived from high-precision multi-satellite altimetry products distributed by Aviso is also incorporated. All observational data were averaged onto 1o by 1o bins and then compiled as series of 10-day means for the surface data and monthly means for the subsurface data. The control variables are surface fluxes (for net-heat, fresh water, and momentum) and oceanic initial conditions. The assimilation window is 53 years during 1956-2009.

Biogeochemical parameters: The synthesis of available observations and a pelagic ecosystem model based on nitrogen cycle produces a dynamically self-consistent dataset. Optimized 4-dimensional datasets are sought by minimizing a cost function on the basis of Green's function approach. The assimilated elements are the climatological monthly mean nitrate from WOA05, monthly mean ocean color data from SeaWiFS, and annual mean chlorophyll-a from WOA98 as detritus.

Direct observations of the oceans acquired on oceanographic research ships operated across the international community support fundamental research into the many disciplines of ocean science and provide essential information for monitoring the health of the oceans. A comprehensive knowledge base is needed to support the responsible stewardship of the oceans with easy access to all data acquired globally. In the United States, the multidisciplinary shipboard sensor data routinely acquired each year on the fleet of coastal, regional and global ranging vessels supporting academic marine research are managed by the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R, rvdata.us) program. With over a decade of operations, the R2R program has developed a robust routinized system to transform diverse data contributions from different marine data providers into a standardized and comprehensive collection of global-ranging observations of marine atmosphere, ocean, seafloor and subseafloor properties that is openly available to the international research community. In this article we describe the elements and framework of the R2R program and the services provided. To manage all expeditions conducted annually, a fleet-wide approach has been developed using data distributions submitted from marine operators with a data management workflow designed to maximize automation of data curation. Other design goals are to improve the completeness and consistency of the data and metadata archived, to support data citability, provenance tracking and interoperable data access aligned with FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) recommendations, and to facilitate delivery of data from the fleet for global data syntheses. Findings from a collection-level review of changes in data acquisition practices and quality over the past decade are presented. Lessons learned from R2R operations are also discussed including the benefits of designing data curation around the routine practices of data providers, approaches for ensuring preservation of a more complete data collection with a high level of FAIRness, and the opportunities for homogenization of datasets from the fleet so that they can support the broadest re-use of data across a diverse user community.

The Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) has been operating a permanent moored oceanographic station at 30 05.410'N, 88 12.694'W, 25 km southwest of the entrance to Mobile Bay, Alabama, since 2004. It collects hydrographic and current velocity data.

This set of data files was collected between 27 Jan and 18 May 2011. It includes the raw data at initial download from the instruments, several intermediate processing steps, and final processed files ready for initial scientific analysis.

The files have been prepared as supplementary material for a Geoscience Paper of the Future (GPF) in prep for publication at Earth and Space Science, as part of the OntoSoft GPF Initiative.

Ocean Monitoring AI Market Size and Growth Outlook

Across all regions, the Ocean Monitoring AI market size reached USD 1.37 billion in 2024, driven by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and the increasing need for real-time ocean data analytics. The market is projected to grow at a robust CAGR of 18.2% from 2025 to 2033, with the forecasted market size expected to reach USD 5.18 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth is primarily attributed to the rising adoption of AI-powered solutions for marine environmental monitoring, fisheries management, and maritime security, as well as substantial investments by governments and private organizations in marine research and sustainability initiatives.

A key growth factor propelling the Ocean Monitoring AI market is the escalating demand for advanced technologies capable of providing actionable insights into complex oceanic systems. Traditional ocean monitoring methods often struggle with the vastness and dynamic nature of marine environments, leading to gaps in data collection and interpretation. AI-powered software and hardware solutions have revolutionized this space by enabling real-time data processing, anomaly detection, and predictive analytics. These capabilities are crucial for timely responses to environmental threats, such as oil spills or harmful algal blooms, and for supporting sustainable fisheries management. Furthermore, the integration of AI with IoT sensors, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and satellite imaging has enhanced the accuracy, frequency, and spatial coverage of ocean monitoring operations, making it possible to address both local and global marine challenges more effectively.

The increasing focus on climate change studies and the need for robust marine environmental monitoring is another significant growth driver for the Ocean Monitoring AI market. Governments, research institutions, and environmental organizations are leveraging AI to analyze large-scale oceanographic datasets, monitor changes in sea temperature, salinity, and currents, and predict long-term climate trends. These AI-driven insights are essential for formulating policies aimed at mitigating the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems and coastal communities. Additionally, the growing incidence of illegal fishing, maritime piracy, and other security threats has prompted investments in AI-based maritime surveillance systems, further expanding the application scope of Ocean Monitoring AI technologies. The convergence of big data analytics, machine learning, and remote sensing is expected to play a pivotal role in advancing ocean science and ensuring the sustainable use of ocean resources.

Private sector involvement and public-private partnerships have also contributed significantly to the growth of the Ocean Monitoring AI market. Companies operating in the oil & gas, shipping & logistics, and fisheries sectors are increasingly adopting AI-driven solutions to optimize operations, ensure regulatory compliance, and minimize environmental risks. For instance, AI-powered oil spill detection systems enable early identification and rapid response, reducing cleanup costs and environmental damage. Similarly, shipping companies utilize AI-based route optimization and cargo tracking to enhance efficiency and reduce fuel consumption. The availability of cloud-based deployment options has democratized access to sophisticated ocean monitoring tools, enabling even small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to participate in marine conservation and resource management efforts. As the market matures, continuous innovation and collaboration among stakeholders will be essential to address emerging challenges and unlock new opportunities in ocean monitoring.

Regionally, North America and Europe currently dominate the Ocean Monitoring AI market, owing to their strong technological infrastructure, significant investments in marine research, and stringent environmental regulations. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by increasing government initiatives, expanding maritime activities, and the rising adoption of digital technologies in countries such as China, Japan, and Australia. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also emerging as important markets, supported by growing awareness of marine conservation and the need to protect valuable coastal and offshore resources. Overall, the global Ocean Monitoring AI market is poised for sustained expansion, underpi

Long Island Sound observation data from Project Oceanology. These data are served by Unidata's Thematic Realtime Environmental Distributed Data Services (THREDDS) Data Server (TDS) in a variety of interoperable data services and output formats. cdm_data_type=Point Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, Unidata Dataset Discovery v1.0 featureType=Point geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east id=Project Oceanology Phosphate info_url=http://lisicos.uconn.edu/ infoUrl=http://lisicos.uconn.edu/ institution=University of Connecticut keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords naming_authority=edu.connecticut sourceUrl=(source database) standard_name_vocabulary=CF-1.6 station=Project Oceanology Data station_site_desc=Project_Oceanology Phosphate Data testOutOfDate=now-1day

University of Maine real-time buoy observations in the Gulf of Maine at NERACOOS site A01 - Massachusetts Bay, located at 42d 31.110m N, 70d 33.990m W SE of Gloucester. GoMOOS buoy A0103 was deployed from 2002-10-02 11:08:00 until 2002-12-13 20:15:00 UTC. Temperature measurements at a depth of 2 meters were measured by the surface current meter. acknowledgment=Buoys operated by the University of Maine Physical Oceanography Group (PhOG) are funded in part through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). breakout_id=5 buffer_type=aanderaa cdm_data_type=TimeSeries cdm_timeseries_variables=station, longitude, latitude, depth clock_time=Center of period comment=University of Maine, Physical Oceanography Group contact=um_phog_dmac@umeoce.maine.edu contributor_email=info@neracoos.org,info@gmri.org contributor_name=NERACOOS,Gulf of Maine Research Institute contributor_role=funder,distributor contributor_role_vocabulary=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ contributor_url=http://neracoos.org,http://www.gmri.org Conventions=CF-1.11,ACDD-1.3,IOOS-1.2 date_metadata_modified=2026-06-16T20:31:13Z delta_t=60 depth_datum=Sea Level Easternmost_Easting=-70.5645 ending_time=1.039446E9 ending_time_string=2002-12-09T15:00:00Z featureType=TimeSeries geospatial_bounds=POINT (-70.5665 42.5185) geospatial_bounds_crs=EPSG:4326 geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs=EPSG:5831 geospatial_lat_max=42.5277 geospatial_lat_min=42.5183 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.01 degrees geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-70.5645 geospatial_lon_min=-70.5681 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.001 degrees geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=2.0 geospatial_vertical_min=2.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=down geospatial_vertical_resolution=0.5 meter geospatial_vertical_units=m grid_mapping_epsg_code=EPSG:4326 grid_mapping_inverse_flattening=298.257223563 grid_mapping_long_name=coordinate_reference_system grid_mapping_longitude_of_prime_meridian=0.0 grid_mapping_name=latitude_longitude grid_mapping_semi_major_axis=6378137.0 gts_ingest=true id=A0103.ocean.002m.merged_20260616T203113.175.nc infoUrl=https://oceandata.umeoce.maine.edu/buoy/A01 institution=Physical Oceanography Group, School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine institution_url=http://gyre.umeoce.maine.edu instrument=In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Probes > Temperature Probe instrument_number=0 instrument_vocabulary=NASA/GCMD Instrument Keywords Version 8.1 ioos_ingest=true julian_day_convention=Julian date convention begins at 00:00:00 UTC on 17 November 1858 AD keywords_vocabulary=NASA/GCMD Science Keywords Version 8.1 last_modified=2002-12-09T15:00:00Z magnetic_variation=-16.0 metadata_link=https://oceandata.umeoce.maine.edu/buoy/A01/metadata mooring_history=2002-10-02T11:15Z Redeployed at site A01 2002-12-03T00:00Z (s/n=UMECB123) Intermittent cell phone problems 2002-12-09T08:00Z (met) (s/n=RMYWM49999) (-4m) Winds have failed. 2002-12-09T08:00Z (sbe37) (s/n=SBEIM1925) Last data received from 20m SBE37IM. 2002-12-09T08:00Z (sbe16) (s/n=SBESC4125) Last data received from 50m SBE16. 2002-12-09T13:00Z (aanderaa) (s/n=AANCM692) Last valid data received from 2m Aanderaa current meter. 2002-12-09T14:00Z (doppler) (s/n=RDIWK1901) Doppler has failed. 2002-12-09T15:00Z (diagnostics) (s/n=BAEGP010700) Major failure with buoy. Winds, 2m currents, 4m doppler, 20m SBE37 and 50m SBE16 have all failed. Buoy position changed by 30 nm in 8 hours. 2002-12-13T20:15Z (-999m) Buoy recovered, sensors damaged, no anchor.

mooring_site_desc=SE of Gloucester mooring_site_id=A0103 naming_authority=edu.maine ncei_template_version=NCEI_NetCDF_TimeSeries_Orthogonal_Template_v2.0 nco_openmp_thread_number=1 Northernmost_Northing=42.5277 number_observations_per_hour=1 operator_sector=academic platform=moored_buoy platform_id=A01 platform_name=A01 - Massachusetts Bay platform_vocabulary=https://mmisw.org/ont/ioos/platform position_datum=WGS 84 principal_investigator=Dr. Neal R. Pettigrew principal_investigator_email=nealp@maine.edu principal_investigator_institution=University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences processing=merged processing_level=Realtime preliminary QC program=Integrated Ocean Observing System project=GoMOOS project_url=http://www.neracoos.org references=http://gyre.umeoce.maine.edu/data/gomoos/buoy/doc/buoy_system_doc/buoy_system/book1.html sea_name=Gulf of Maine site_id=A01 site_latitude=42.5185 site_longitude=-70.5665 source=Ocean Data Acquisition Systems (ODAS) Buoy sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=42.5183 sponsor=NOAA standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v72 starting_time=1.03356E9 starting_time_string=2002-10-02T12:00:00Z station_photo_url=http://gyre.umeoce.maine.edu/images/gomoosbuoy.jpg station_type=Surface Mooring time_coverage_duration=P68DT3H time_coverage_end=2026-11-01T08:00:00Z time_coverage_resolution=PT60M time_coverage_start=2001-07-10T03:00:00Z time_deployed=2002-10-02T11:08Z time_recovered=2002-12-13T20:15Z time_zone=UTC uuid=3fae6a02-ec27-4ef5-a418-6e309d8c6501 Westernmost_Easting=-70.5681 wmo_platform_code=44029

Oceanographic measurements around the 'BROKE-West' survey area along the Antarctic continental margin between 30 degrees and 80 degrees south were conducted aboard Aurora Australis cruise au0603 (voyage 3 2005/2006, 2nd January to 12th March 2006). A total of 120 CTD vertical profile stations were taken, most to within 15 m of the bottom. Over 2500 Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate and ammonia), 18O, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, particulate organic carbon/nitrogen/silicate, dimethyl sulphide, and biological parameters, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Full depth current profiles were collected by an LADCP attached to the CTD package, while near surface current profile data were collected by a ship mounted ADCP. Data from the array of ship's underway sensors are included in the data set. This report describes the processing/calibration of the CTD and ADCP data, and details the data quality. An offset correction is derived for the underway sea surface temperature and salinity data, by comparison with near surface CTD data. LADCP data are not discussed in this report. Note that the data processor was not a cruise participant, thus this report does not describe all details of the shipboard field data collection or the problems encountered. CTD station positions are shown in Figures 1a and b, while CTD station information is summarised in Table 1. Niskin bottle sampling at each station is summarised in Table 2. (see word document detailed below for figures and tables)Further information is available in a word document available as part of the download.This work was completed as part of ASAC projects 2655 and 2679 (ASAC_2655, ASAC_2679).

Long Island Sound observation data from Project Oceanology. These data are served by Unidata's Thematic Realtime Environmental Distributed Data Services (THREDDS) Data Server (TDS) in a variety of interoperable data services and output formats. cdm_data_type=Point Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, Unidata Dataset Discovery v1.0 featureType=Point geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east id=Project Oceanology Samples info_url=http://lisicos.uconn.edu/ infoUrl=http://lisicos.uconn.edu/ institution=University of Connecticut keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords naming_authority=edu.connecticut sourceUrl=(source database) standard_name_vocabulary=CF-1.6 station=ProjectO Sample Data station_site_desc=ProjectO Sample Data testOutOfDate=now-1day

Long Island Sound observation data from the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP). These data are served by Unidata's Thematic Realtime Environmental Distributed Data Services (THREDDS) Data Server (TDS) in a variety of interoperable data services and output formats. cdm_data_type=Other contributor_name=Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) contributor_role=sponsor contributor_url=https://www.ct.gov/deep/site/default.asp Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, Unidata Dataset Discovery v1.0 id=DEEP info_url=http://lisicos.uconn.edu/dep_portal.php infoUrl=http://lisicos.uconn.edu/ institution=University of Connecticut keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords naming_authority=edu.connecticut neracoos_data_provider=UCONN project=DEEP sourceUrl=(source database) standard_name_vocabulary=CF-1.6 station=DEEP CTD Data station_site_desc=DEEP Cruise Info Data testOutOfDate=now-1day

University of Maine real-time buoy observations in the Gulf of Maine/Massachusetts Bay at NERACOOS site A01, located at 42d 31.356m N, 70d 33.948m W south of Gloucester. GoMOOS buoy A0120 was deployed from 2008-04-16 11:07:00 until 2008-10-01 10:15:00 UTC. Oceanographic measurements of temperature and dissolved oxygen at a depth of 51 meters were taken hourly. acknowledgment=Buoys operated by the University of Maine Physical Oceanography Group (PhOG) are funded in part through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). breakout_id=103 buffer_type=optode cdm_data_type=TimeSeries cdm_timeseries_variables=station, longitude, latitude, depth clock_time=Center of period comment=University of Maine, Physical Oceanography Group contact=um_phog_dmac@umeoce.maine.edu contributor_email=info@neracoos.org,info@gmri.org contributor_name=NERACOOS,Gulf of Maine Research Institute contributor_role=funder,distributor contributor_role_vocabulary=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ contributor_url=http://neracoos.org,http://www.gmri.org Conventions=CF-1.11,ACDD-1.3,IOOS-1.2 date_metadata_modified=2026-06-16T20:44:20Z delta_t=60 depth_datum=Sea Level Easternmost_Easting=-70.5645 ending_time=1.2228552E9 ending_time_string=2008-10-01T10:00:00Z featureType=TimeSeries geospatial_bounds=POINT (-70.5655 42.5232) geospatial_bounds_crs=EPSG:4326 geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs=EPSG:5831 geospatial_lat_max=42.5243 geospatial_lat_min=42.522 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.01 degrees geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-70.5645 geospatial_lon_min=-70.5681 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.001 degrees geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=51.0 geospatial_vertical_min=51.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=down geospatial_vertical_resolution=0.5 meter geospatial_vertical_units=m grid_mapping_epsg_code=EPSG:4326 grid_mapping_inverse_flattening=298.257223563 grid_mapping_long_name=coordinate_reference_system grid_mapping_longitude_of_prime_meridian=0.0 grid_mapping_name=latitude_longitude grid_mapping_semi_major_axis=6378137.0 gts_ingest=true id=A0120.ocean.051m.merged_20260616T204420.674.nc infoUrl=https://oceandata.umeoce.maine.edu/buoy/A01 institution=Physical Oceanography Group, School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine institution_url=http://gyre.umeoce.maine.edu instrument=In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Chemical Meters/Analyzers > Oxygen Meters instrument_number=12 instrument_vocabulary=NASA/GCMD Instrument Keywords Version 8.1 ioos_ingest=true julian_day_convention=Julian date convention begins at 00:00:00 UTC on 17 November 1858 AD keywords_vocabulary=NASA/GCMD Science Keywords Version 8.1 last_modified=2008-10-01T10:00:00Z magnetic_variation=-16.0 metadata_link=https://oceandata.umeoce.maine.edu/buoy/A01/metadata mooring_history=2008-04-16T11:07Z Redeployed By FV Delaware II 2008-04-16T12:00Z (optode) (s/n=AANDO230) Dissolved oxygen data from 51m optode invalid. 2008-04-29T22:00Z (met) (s/n=AANVS261) (-3m) Visibility readings near zero; data flagged as invalid. 2008-10-01T10:15Z Recovered by R/V Argo Maine.

mooring_site_desc=SE of Gloucester mooring_site_id=A0120 naming_authority=edu.maine ncei_template_version=NCEI_NetCDF_TimeSeries_Orthogonal_Template_v2.0 nco_openmp_thread_number=1 Northernmost_Northing=42.5243 number_observations_per_hour=1 operator_sector=academic platform=moored_buoy platform_id=A01 platform_name=A01 - Massachusetts Bay platform_vocabulary=https://mmisw.org/ont/ioos/platform position_datum=WGS 84 principal_investigator=Dr. Neal R. Pettigrew principal_investigator_email=nealp@maine.edu principal_investigator_institution=University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences processing=merged processing_level=Realtime preliminary QC program=Integrated Ocean Observing System project=GoMOOS project_url=http://www.neracoos.org references=http://gyre.umeoce.maine.edu/data/gomoos/buoy/doc/buoy_system_doc/buoy_system/book1.html sea_name=Gulf of Maine site_id=A01 site_latitude=42.5232 site_longitude=-70.5655 source=Ocean Data Acquisition Systems (ODAS) Buoy sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=42.522 sponsor=NOAA standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v72 starting_time=1.2083472E9 starting_time_string=2008-04-16T12:00:00Z station_photo_url=http://gyre.umeoce.maine.edu/images/gomoosbuoy.jpg station_type=Surface Mooring time_coverage_duration=P167DT21H59M60.00S time_coverage_end=2026-10-23T05:00:00Z time_coverage_resolution=PT60M time_coverage_start=2007-09-23T15:00:00Z time_deployed=2008-04-16T11:07Z time_recovered=2008-10-01T10:15Z time_zone=UTC uuid=743b1d6d-b21f-413b-b6b6-db1666e9ea53 Westernmost_Easting=-70.5681 wmo_platform_code=44029

Ocean Data Science Initiatives (ODSIs), initiatives that mobilize data with the express goal of informing or improving conditions in the oceans, are central to endeavors to gather and mobilize “the science we need for the oceans we want” in the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2020-2030) (“Ocean Science Decade”). ODSIs often visualize data in the form of maps and other geospatial data visualization tools, which we collectively call Visual Geospatial Data Products (VGDPs). Because the oceans are outside the lived experience of many humans, these VGDPs are positioned to help users to ‘see’ the oceans in new ways. In this project, we sought to understand how ODSIs mobilize data in visualizing oceans, and what ocean worlds these visuals create. The work archived here is the dataset of a visual analysis of ODSIs’ VGDPs, including both categorical and qualitative coding of the visual aspects of these products. These results were used for an analysis that positions ODSIs within the evolving role of data in ocean governance, demonstrating how these organizations define what constitutes “the data we need” for imagining “the oceans we want” in the Ocean Science Decade.

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT, www.socat.info) is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community and has more than 100 contributors worldwide. SOCAT provides access to synthesis and gridded, quality controlled, observational products of surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) for the global oceans and coastal seas. SOCAT version 5 has 21.5 million, in situ, surface ocean fCO2 measurements with an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a WOCE flag of 2 (good) from 1957 to 2016. Calibrated sensor data with an accuracy of better than 10 μatm are also available.

During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 5. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info).

All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with flags of A to D and fCO2 values with a flag of 2. Access to data sets with a flag of E and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016).

SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. MataLb code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable.

SOCAT versions 3 to 5 should be cited as Bakker et al., 2016 (until a publication on versions 4 and 5 is published). The SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles.

The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Fair Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onward. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification and evaluation of ocean biogeochemical models. More than 180 peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. SOCAT represents a milestone in research coordination, data access, biogeochemical and climate research and in informing policy.