this graph was created in PowerBi,Loocker Studio and Tableau :

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F16731800%2Fea7ef9cb4a39391ffb4223bd2546517f%2Fgraph1.png?generation=1745095295869870&alt=media" alt=""> https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F16731800%2Fe8841ceef569c8d0e9336068fd233b03%2Fgraph2.jpg?generation=1745095302199310&alt=media" alt=""> https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F16731800%2Fd68c8902a57b800e0a6d845cbf557fdb%2Fgraph3.png?generation=1745095309102694&alt=media" alt="">

This dataset provides a comprehensive analysis of the technological landscape in three of China’s most prominent innovation hubs: Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. It focuses on invention patents and offers insights into the complexity, technology density, and evolution of patent technologies in each of these cities. Rather than simply counting the number of patents, the dataset explores the depth and breadth of technological knowledge involved, the concentration of innovation in specific fields, and the dynamic changes in focus over time. Technological complexity is a key dimension of the dataset, reflecting how advanced and interdisciplinary a particular patent is. In Beijing, this complexity is largely fueled by prestigious academic institutions and research centers such as Tsinghua University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Patents in Beijing often combine science and engineering in highly sophisticated ways, particularly in areas like artificial intelligence, aerospace, and advanced materials. Shanghai presents complexity through its integration of industrial systems and smart technologies. The city’s innovation is heavily influenced by the automotive, chemical, and semiconductor industries, creating complex patents that serve both commercial and industrial applications. Shenzhen, widely regarded as China’s Silicon Valley, showcases complexity through rapid, iterative development and the fusion of software, hardware, and telecommunications technologies. Its ecosystem, driven by startups and tech giants alike, results in disruptive, high-impact innovations in electronics, AI, and consumer devices. In terms of technology density, Shenzhen shows a strong concentration in electronics, telecommunications, and integrated circuits. This reflects the dominance of companies like Huawei, Tencent, and DJI, and a culture of product engineering that fuels dense clusters of technological advancement. Shanghai, meanwhile, exhibits a balanced density profile, rooted in traditional sectors like chemical engineering and automotive design while simultaneously expanding into digital finance, green technologies, and industrial IoT. Beijing has a wider spread of technology domains, influenced by national research agendas and policy-driven innovation. While it has dense areas in AI and defense, the city also supports advances in biotechnology, clean energy, and cybersecurity.